Study Set: Freeter, Neets, Yuppies

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Freeter, Neets, Yuppies

Seminar: Freeter, Neets, Yuppies :-: 1 プレカリアート(AMAMIYA Kaｒin), encyclopedia entry :-: 2 現代のプレかリーアトは何を語るか (UTSUNOMIYA Kenji) :-:-:-: Extra: Mabuchi 2002 :-: フリータとニートの社会学(TARÔMARU Hiroshi)　Preface, Chapter 1 2 3 (pp.1-79)　:-: Freeter and Neet (KOSUGI Reiko)(p.6-8) :-: 文化系ニートの生きる道　(pp.90-95)

examspecialty

Levels:

121

201

286

680 entries — Created by Bastian B. — Last modified: 2011-12-11 21:55:53

⑤ 財布【さいふ】 • purse, handbag, wallet

⑤ 撮る【とる】 • to take (a photo), to make (a film)

⑤ 貼る【はる】 • to stick, to paste, to affix

⑤ 隣【となり】 • neighbor (neighbour), next to (esp. living next door to)

④ はっきり • clearly, plainly, distinctly

④ 場合【ばあい】 • case, situation

④ 決して【けっして】 • never, by no means, decidedly, indisputably

④ 理由【りゆう】 • reason, pretext, motive

④ 競争【きょうそう】 • ① competition, contest ② to compete

④ 経験【けいけん】 • experience

④ 普通【ふつう】 • ① general, ordinary, usual ② normally, generally, usually ③ train that stops at every station

④ 娘【むすめ】 • ① (my) daughter ② girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)

④ 腕【うで】 • ① arm ② skill

④ 格好【かっこう】 • ① shape, form, posture, appearance, manner ② suitability, moderateness (in price)

④ 嘘【うそ】 • lie, falsehood, incorrect fact

④ 壊す【こわす】 • ① to break, to destroy, to demolish ② to wreck, to ruin, to spoil, to damage ③ to break (a bill, etc.)

④ 尋ねる【たずねる】 • ① to ask, to enquire, to inquire ② to search, to look for, to look into, to investigate

④ それほど • to that degree, extent

④ または • or, otherwise

④ なかなか • ① very, considerably, easily, readily, fairly, quite, highly, rather ② by no means (with negative verb)

③ ちゃんと • perfectly, properly, exactly

③ 意思【いし】 • intention, purpose

③ 見送る【みおくる】 • ① to see off (e.g. to the station, an airport, etc.), to escort (e.g. home), to farewell ② to see out, to send off ③ to let pass, to wait and see, to continue (e.g. in legal contexts) ④ to let a pitch go by (baseball), to watch a batted ball go into the stands

③ 注目【ちゅうもく】 • notice, attention, observation

③ 発見【はっけん】 • discovery, detection, finding

③ 発行【はっこう】 • ① issue (publications), publishing ② raising an event (software)

③ 安定【あんてい】 • stability, equilibrium

③ 確実【かくじつ】 • certainty, reliability, soundness

③ 活用【かつよう】 • ① practical use, application ② conjugation, declension, inflection

③ 思想【しそう】 • thought, idea, ideology

③ 消費【しょうひ】 • consumption, expenditure

③ 組合【くみあい】 • association, union

③ 身体【しんたい】 • ① body ② health

③ 満足【まんぞく】 • ① satisfaction ② sufficiency

③ 明らか【あきらか】 • obvious, evident, clear, plain

③ 目指す【めざす】 • to aim at, to have an eye on

③ 理想【りそう】 • ideal, dream

③ 意識【いしき】 • ① consciousness ② awareness, sense ③ mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)

③ 可能【かのう】 • possible, practicable, feasible

③ 解決【かいけつ】 • settlement, solution, resolution

③ 関心【かんしん】 • concern, interest

③ 疑問【ぎもん】 • question, problem, doubt, guess

③ 権利【けんり】 • right, privilege

③ 現実【げんじつ】 • reality

③ 構成【こうせい】 • organization, organisation, configuration, composition

③ 困難【こんなん】 • difficulty, distress

③ 罪【つみ】 • crime, fault, indiscretion, sin

③ 支給【しきゅう】 • provision, supply, payment, allowance, grant

③ 失う【うしなう】 • to lose, to part with

③ 種【たね】 • ① seed, pip, kind, variety, quality, tone ② material, matter, subject, theme, (news) copy, leaven (bread) ③ cause, source, trick, secret, inside story

③ 除く【のぞく】 • to remove, to exclude, to except

③ 状況【じょうきょう】 • state of affairs (around you), situation, circumstances

③ 職業【しょくぎょう】 • occupation, business

③ 跡【あと】 • ① trace, tracks, mark, sign ② remains, ruins ③ scar

③ 絶対【ぜったい】 • ① absolutely, unconditionally ② absolute, unconditional, unmistakable ③ absoluteness

③ 河【かわ】 • ① river, stream ② the .... river, (suffix used with the names of rivers)

③ 単純【たんじゅん】 • simplicity

③ 担当【たんとう】 • (in) charge (of an area of responsibility, but not necessarily supervision of staff)

③ 地域【ちいき】 • area, region

③ 泥【どろ】 • mud

③ 適用【てきよう】 • applying (e.g. a technology), adoption

③ 得意【とくい】 • ① triumph, prosperity ② pride ③ one's strong point, one's forte, one's specialty ④ frequent customer (client, etc.)

③ 判断【はんだん】 • judgement, judgment, decision, adjudication, conclusion, decipherment, divination

③ 犯罪【はんざい】 • crime

③ 必ずしも【かならずしも】 • (not) always, (not) necessarily, (not) all, (not) entirely

③ 風景【ふうけい】 • scenery

③ 役割【やくわり】 • part, assigning (allotment of) parts, role, duties

③ 有効【ゆうこう】 • validity, legality, availability, effectiveness

③ 容易【ようい】 • easy, simple, plain

③ 要するに【ようするに】 • in a word, after all, the point is ..., in short ...

③ 理解【りかい】 • understanding, comprehension, appreciation, sympathy

③ 輪【わ】 • ① ring, circle, loop ② hoop ③ wheel

③ 論じる【ろんじる】 • to argue, to discuss, to debate

③ 論争【ろんそう】 • controversy, dispute

③ 平均【へいきん】 • ① average, mean ② balance, equilibrium

③ 雇う【やとう】 • ① to employ ② to hire, to charter

③ 握る【にぎる】 • to grasp, to seize, to mould sushi, to mold sushi

③ 扱う【あつかう】 • to handle, to deal with, to treat

③ 意志【いし】 • will, volition, intention, intent, determination

③ 維持【いじ】 • maintenance, preservation, improvement

③ 一致【いっち】 • ① coincidence, agreement, union, match ② conformity, consistency ③ cooperation

③ 解釈【かいしゃく】 • explanation, interpretation

③ 拡大【かくだい】 • magnification, enlargement, expansion

③ 環境【かんきょう】 • environment, circumstance

③ 既に【すでに】 • already, too late

③ 貴重【きちょう】 • precious, valuable

③ 繰り返す【くりかえす】 • to repeat, to do something over again

③ 契約【けいやく】 • contract, compact, agreement

③ 結果【けっか】 • ① result, consequence, outcome, effect ② coming to fruition, bearing fruit

③ 結論【けつろん】 • conclusion

③ 懸命【けんめい】 • eagerness, earnestness, risking one's life

③ 検討【けんとう】 • consideration, examination, investigation, study, scrutiny, discussion

③ 誇り【ほこり】 • pride, boast

③ 考慮【こうりょ】 • consideration, taking into account

③ 貢献【こうけん】 • contribution, services

③ 至る【いたる】 • ① to arrive at (e.g. a decision), to reach (a stage), to attain ② to lead to (a place), to get to

③ 種【しゅ】 • ① kind, variety ② (biological) species ③ (logical) species

③ 需要【じゅよう】 • demand, request

③ 就く【つく】 • ① to ascend (the throne), to accede ② to take (seat, position, course, etc.), to assume ③ to start (on a journey), to commence, to depart ④ to study (under teacher), to be an apprentice

③ 重視【じゅうし】 • importance, stress, serious consideration

③ 証明【しょうめい】 • proof, verification

③ 障害【しょうがい】 • ① obstacle, impediment, hindrance, difficulty, barrier ② handicap, impairment, disability, disorder, malfunction

③ 条件【じょうけん】 • condition, conditions, term, terms, requirement, requirements

③ 譲る【ゆずる】 • to turn over, to assign, to hand over, to transmit, to convey, to sell, to dispose of, to yield, to surrender

③ 唇【くちびる】 • lips

③ 整理【せいり】 • sorting, arrangement, organization, putting in order, adjustment, regulation, liquidation

③ 善【ぜん】 • good, goodness, right, virtue

③ 組織【そしき】 • ① organization, organisation ② structure, construction ③ tissue ④ system

③ 喪失【そうしつ】 • loss, forfeit

③ 怠ける【なまける】 • ① to be idle, to slacken ② to neglect (e.g. one's work)

③ 抵抗【ていこう】 • electrical resistance, resistance, opposition

③ 提案【ていあん】 • proposal, proposition, suggestion

③ 提出【ていしゅつ】 • ① to present, to submit (e.g. a report or a thesis), to hand in, to file, to turn in ② presentation, submission, filing

③ 統計【とうけい】 • statistics

③ 道徳【どうとく】 • morals

③ 虹【にじ】 • rainbow

③ 範囲【はんい】 • extent, scope, sphere, range, span

③ 批判【ひはん】 • criticism, judgement, judgment, comment

③ 微妙【びみょう】 • ① delicate, subtle, sensitive ② difficult, delicate (situation), complicated ③ doubtful, questionable, dicey

③ 武器【ぶき】 • weapon, arms, ordnance

③ 分析【ぶんせき】 • analysis

③ 墓【はか】 • gravesite, tomb

③ 妨げる【さまたげる】 • to disturb, to prevent, to obstruct, to hinder

③ 無視【むし】 • disregard, ignore

③ 無駄【むだ】 • futility, uselessness, pointlessness

③ 厄介【やっかい】 • trouble, burden, care, bother, worry, dependence, support, kindness, obligation

③ 唯一【ゆいいつ】 • only, sole, unique

③ 利益【りえき】 • ① profit, gains ② benefit, advantage, interest (of the public, etc.) ③ grace (of God, Buddha, etc.) (esp. as attained through rightful actions, prayer, adherence to one's faith, etc.), blessing, miracle

③ 絞る【しぼる】 • to press, to wring, to squeeze, to narrow (down), to whittle (down), to tighten

③ 事態【じたい】 • situation, (present) state of affairs, circumstances

③ 勧める【すすめる】 • to recommend, to advise, to encourage, to offer (wine)

③ 餌【えさ】 • feed, bait

③ 袖【そで】 • sleeve

③ 莫大【ばくだい】 • enormous, vast

③ およそ • about, roughly, as a rule, approximately

③ ほぼ • almost, roughly, approximately

③ 脇【わき】 • ① side, aside ② armpit ③ back-burner

③ 曖昧【あいまい】 • ① vague, ambiguous, unclear ② fuzzy

③ かなり • considerably, fairly, quite

③ せっかく • with trouble, at great pains, long-awaited

③ ふもと • the foot, the bottom, the base (of a mountain)

② だらしない • slovenly, loose, sluttish, slatternly

② しばしば • blinking repeatedly

② 心理【しんり】 • mentality

② 住まい【すまい】 • dwelling, house, residence, address

② 安易【あんい】 • ① easy, simple ② easy-going

② 筆者【ひっしゃ】 • writer (often in self-reference), author

② 反映【はんえい】 • ① influence ② to apply, to implement ③ reflection

② 解放【かいほう】 • ① release, unleashing, liberation, emancipation, setting free ② deallocation (of computer memory)

② 改正【かいせい】 • revision, amendment, alteration

② 寄せる【よせる】 • ① to come near, to let someone approach ② to collect, to gather, to receive ③ to add ④ to put aside

② 給与【きゅうよ】 • pay, salary, wages, allowance, grant, supply

② 漁業【ぎょぎょう】 • fishing (industry)

② 境界【きょうかい】 • boundary

② 候補【こうほ】 • ① candidate, contender, prospect, pick, choice, list ② candidacy, candidature, nomination

② 承る【うけたまわる】 • ① to hear, to be told, to know ② to receive (order), to undertake, to comply, to take (a reservation, etc.)

② 対照【たいしょう】 • contrast, antithesis, comparison

② 超える【こえる】 • ① to cross over, to cross, to pass through, to pass over (out of) ② to exceed

② 意義【いぎ】 • meaning, significance

② 艶【つや】 • gloss, glaze

② 恩【おん】 • favour, favor, obligation, debt of gratitude

② 研修【けんしゅう】 • training (esp. in-service), induction course

② 項目【こうもく】 • (data) item, entry

② 市場【しじょう】 • (the) market (as a concept)

② 焦点【しょうてん】 • focus (e.g. photographic), focal point

② 診断【しんだん】 • diagnosis

② 妥当【だとう】 • valid, proper, right, appropriate

② 対策【たいさく】 • counter-plan, counter-measure

② 典型【てんけい】 • type, pattern, archetypal

② 展開【てんかい】 • ① development ② expansion (opposite of compression)

② 特殊【とくしゅ】 • special, unique

② 非難【ひなん】 • blame, attack, criticism

② 評論【ひょうろん】 • criticism, critique

② 普及【ふきゅう】 • diffusion, spread

② 要旨【ようし】 • point, essentials, gist, summary, fundamentals

② 臨時【りんじ】 • temporary, special, extraordinary

② 冠【かんむり】 • ① cap (esp. a traditional cap worn with sokutai or ikan clothing), crown, diadem, coronet ② top kanji radical ③ first verse of a haikai, etc. ④ best, peerless, first

② 基準【きじゅん】 • standard, basis, criterion, norm, reference, datum

② いったん • ① once ② for a moment, temporarily

② つながり • connection, link, relationship

② 繋げる【つなげる】 • to tie, to fasten, to connect, to transfer (phone call)

② 縞【しま】 • stripe, bar, streak

② 塵【ちり】 • dust, dirt

② すなわち • that is, namely, i.e.

② 這う【はう】 • to creep, to crawl

② あくまで • to the end, to the bitter end, to the last, stubbornly, persistently, to the utmost

② やや • a little, partially, somewhat, a short time, a while

② きっかけ • chance, start, cue, excuse, motive, impetus, occasion

① 見方【みかた】 • viewpoint

① 雇用【こよう】 • employment (long term), hire

① 悪化【あっか】 • (suffer) deterioration, growing worse, aggravation, degeneration, corruption

① 依然【いぜん】 • still, as yet, as it has been

① 委託【いたく】 • consign (goods (for sale) to a firm), entrust (person with something), commit

① 移行【いこう】 • switching over to, migration

① 移民【いみん】 • ① emigration, immigration ② emigrant, immigrant

① 運営【うんえい】 • management, administration, operation

① 運輸【うんゆ】 • transportation

① 運用【うんよう】 • making use of, application, investment, practical use

① 加入【かにゅう】 • becoming a member, joining, entry, admission, subscription, affiliation, adherence, signing

① 加味【かみ】 • ① seasoning, flavoring, flavouring ② taking (something) into consideration, taking into account

① 家計【かけい】 • household economy, family finances

① 開催【かいさい】 • holding a meeting, open an exhibition

① 階級【かいきゅう】 • class, rank, grade

① 概念【がいねん】 • general idea, concept, notion

① 該当【がいとう】 • corresponding, answering to, coming under, applying to

① 格差【かくさ】 • qualitative difference, disparity

① 獲得【かくとく】 • acquisition, possession

① 確保【かくほ】 • guarantee, maintain, ensure, insure, secure, reservation

① 株式【かぶしき】 • stock (company)

① 刊行【かんこう】 • publication, issue

① 幹部【かんぶ】 • management, (executive) staff, leaders, leadership, top brass, upper echelons

① 慣行【かんこう】 • customary practice, customary practise, habit, traditional event

① 観点【かんてん】 • point of view

① 還元【かんげん】 • resolution, reduction, return to origins

① 機構【きこう】 • mechanism, organization, organisation

① 規模【きぼ】 • scale, scope, plan, structure

① 技【わざ】 • technique, art

① 技能【ぎのう】 • technical skill, ability, capacity

① 客観【きゃっかん】 • object (as opposed to subject)

① 究極【きゅうきょく】 • ultimate, extreme, final, eventual

① 距離【きょり】 • distance, range

① 享受【きょうじゅ】 • reception, acceptance, enjoyment, being given

① 協調【きょうちょう】 • ① cooperation, conciliation, harmony ② firm (market) tone

① 叫び【さけび】 • shout, scream, outcry

① 業績【ぎょうせき】 • achievement, performance, results, work, contribution

① 勤務【きんむ】 • service, duty, work

① 契機【けいき】 • opportunity, chance

① 形成【けいせい】 • formation, molding, taking form

① 形態【けいたい】 • form, shape, figure

① 恵む【めぐむ】 • ① to bless, to show mercy to ② to give (money, etc.)

① 掲載【けいさい】 • ① publication (e.g. article in paper), appearance, insertion ② to insert (e.g. an article), to run (e.g. in a newspaper)

① 経路【けいろ】 • ① course, route, path, channel ② process, means

① 決意【けつい】 • decision, determination

① 結束【けっそく】 • union, unity

① 厳密【げんみつ】 • strict, close

① 減少【げんしょう】 • decrease, reduction, decline

① 限定【げんてい】 • limit, restriction

① 孤立【こりつ】 • isolation, helplessness

① 後退【こうたい】 • ① retreat ② backspace, BS

① 語源【ごげん】 • word root, word derivation, etymology

① 交渉【こうしょう】 • ① negotiations, discussions ② connection

① 好況【こうきょう】 • prosperous conditions, healthy economy

① 拘束【こうそく】 • restriction, restraint, binding

① 控える【ひかえる】 • ① to be temperate in, to restrain oneself from excessive ... ② to make notes ③ to hold back ④ to be in preparation for, to be in waiting for ⑤ to be soon, to be in the offing ⑥ to be in a close relationship (e.g. as a backer, etc.)

① 行為【こうい】 • act, deed, conduct

① 根拠【こんきょ】 • basis, foundation

① 混同【こんどう】 • confusion, mixing, merger

① 差し支える【さしつかえる】 • to interfere, to hinder, to become impeded

① 差異【さい】 • difference, disparity

① 最善【さいぜん】 • the very best

① 採掘【さいくつ】 • mining

① 採用【さいよう】 • ① use, adoption, acceptance ② appointment, employment, engagement

① 財政【ざいせい】 • financial affairs, public finance

① 削減【さくげん】 • cut, reduction, curtailment

① 雑談【ざつだん】 • chatting, idle talk

① 参照【さんしょう】 • reference, bibliographical reference, consultation, browsing (e.g. when selecting a file to upload on a computer), checking out

① 志向【しこう】 • intention, aim

① 思考【しこう】 • thought, consideration, thinking

① 指摘【してき】 • pointing out, identification

① 至って【いたって】 • very much, exceedingly, extremely

① 視野【しや】 • field of vision, outlook

① 試みる【こころみる】 • to try, to test

① 雌【めす】 • female (animal)

① 事項【じこう】 • matter, item, facts

① 事柄【ことがら】 • matter, thing, affair, circumstance

① 治安【ちあん】 • public order

① 軸【じく】 • axis, stem, shaft, axle

① 社交【しゃこう】 • social life, social intercourse

① 社宅【しゃたく】 • company owned house

① 遮る【さえぎる】 • to interrupt, to intercept, to obstruct

① 若干【じゃっかん】 • some, few, number of

① 主観【しゅかん】 • ① subjectivity, subject, ego ② one's personal opinion, one's own idea

① 就業【しゅうぎょう】 • employment, starting work

① 集計【しゅうけい】 • totalization, totalisation, aggregation, tally (e.g. votes)

① 従事【じゅうじ】 • engaging, pursuing, following (e.g. profession or occupation)

① 柔軟【じゅうなん】 • flexible, lithe, soft, pliable

① 出現【しゅつげん】 • appearance, arrival, make one's appearance

① 所在【しょざい】 • whereabouts

① 所属【しょぞく】 • attached to, belong to, member

① 所得【しょとく】 • income, earnings

① 諸君【しょくん】 • Gentlemen!, Ladies!

① 除外【じょがい】 • exception, exclusion

① 唱える【となえる】 • ① to recite, to chant ② to call upon

① 昇進【しょうしん】 • promotion

① 沼【ぬま】 • swamp, bog, pond, lake

① 障る【さわる】 • to hinder, to interfere with, to affect, to do one harm, to be harmful to

① 嬢【じょう】 • ① unmarried woman ② (after a name) Miss ③ (after a line of work) -ess, -ette

① 食い違う【くいちがう】 • to cross each other, to run counter to, to differ, to clash, to go awry

① 進行【しんこう】 • advance, progress

① 尽きる【つきる】 • to be used up, to be run out, to be exhausted, to be consumed, to come to an end

① 世帯【せたい】 • household, home, family, housekeeping

① 成熟【せいじゅく】 • maturity, ripeness

① 政策【せいさく】 • political measures, policy

① 正規【せいき】 • regular, normal, legal, formal, established, legitimate

① 先行【せんこう】 • preceding, going first, leading, going ahead, taking priority

① 前提【ぜんてい】 • preamble, premise, reason, prerequisite, condition, assumption, hypothesis, given

① 措置【そち】 • measure, measures, step

① 創刊【そうかん】 • launching (e.g. newspaper), first issue

① 相対【そうたい】 • relative

① 促す【うながす】 • to urge, to press, to prompt, to suggest, to demand, to stimulate, to quicken, to incite, to invite (attention to)

① 対応【たいおう】 • ① interaction, correspondence, coping with, dealing with, support ② software support, ability of a computer system to run specific software

① 対抗【たいこう】 • opposition, antagonism

① 対比【たいひ】 • contrast, comparison

① 対面【たいめん】 • interview, meeting

① 待遇【たいぐう】 • treatment, reception

① 大幅【おおはば】 • full width, large scale, drastic

① 達成【たっせい】 • achievement

① 築く【きずく】 • to build, to pile up, to amass

① 蓄積【ちくせき】 • accumulation, accumulate, store

① 着目【ちゃくもく】 • attention

① 直面【ちょくめん】 • ① confrontation ② to face, to confront, to encounter

① 賃金【ちんぎん】 • wages

① 追い出す【おいだす】 • to expel, to drive out

① 通常【つうじょう】 • common, general, normal, usual

① 定まる【さだまる】 • to become settled, to be fixed

① 提供【ていきょう】 • offer, tender, program sponsoring, programme sponsoring, furnishing, provisioning, supply

① 展望【てんぼう】 • view, outlook, prospect

① 転じる【てんじる】 • to turn, to shift, to alter, to distract

① 転落【てんらく】 • fall, degradation, slump, spill

① 倒産【とうさん】 • (corporate) bankruptcy, insolvency, commercial failure, failed business

① 統合【とうごう】 • ① integration, unification, synthesis ② integrated, built-in

① 到達【とうたつ】 • reaching, attaining, arrival

① 動向【どうこう】 • trend, tendency, movement, attitude

① 同居【どうきょ】 • coexistence, living together

① 胴【どう】 • ① trunk, torso, body, abdomen, waist ② plastron (in kendo), touching the plastron (kimari-te in kendo) ③ frame (of a drum, etc.), sound box (of a shamisen, etc.), hull (of a ship)

① 特権【とっけん】 • privilege, special right

① 内閣【ないかく】 • cabinet, (government) ministry

① 認識【にんしき】 • recognition, cognizance, cognisance

① 納入【のうにゅう】 • payment, supply

① 把握【はあく】 • grasp, catch, understanding

① 派【は】 • clique, faction, school

① 破壊【はかい】 • ① destruction, disruption ② (application) crash

① 排除【はいじょ】 • exclusion, removal, rejection, elimination, abatement, lifting (sanctions, etc.)

① 背景【はいけい】 • background, scenery, setting, circumstance

① 配慮【はいりょ】 • consideration, concern, forethought

① 発生【はっせい】 • ① outbreak, spring forth, occurrence, incidence, origin ② ontogeny, development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state

① 反撃【はんげき】 • counterattack, counteroffensive, counterblow

① 班【はん】 • group, party, section (mil)

① 比例【ひれい】 • proportion

① 眉【まゆ】 • eyebrow, eyebrows

① 貧困【ひんこん】 • poverty, lack

① 不況【ふきょう】 • recession, depression, slump

① 富【とみ】 • wealth, fortune

① 富む【とむ】 • to be rich, to become rich

① 扶養【ふよう】 • support, maintenance

① 赴任【ふにん】 • (proceeding to) new appointment

① 分業【ぶんぎょう】 • division of labor, division of labour, specialization, specialisation, assembly-line production

① 分散【ぶんさん】 • dispersion, decentralization, decentralisation, variance (statistics), distribution, dissemination, allocation

① 分配【ぶんぱい】 • division, sharing, distribution, dissemination, allocation

① 分裂【ぶんれつ】 • split, division, break up

① 変革【へんかく】 • ① change, reform, revolution, upheaval ② Reformation

① 保護【ほご】 • care, protection, shelter, safeguard, guardianship, favor, favour, patronage

① 歩む【あゆむ】 • to walk, to go on foot

① 補助【ほじょ】 • assistance, support, aid, auxiliary

① 崩壊【ほうかい】 • ① collapse, crumbling, breaking down, caving in ② decay (physics)

① 放棄【ほうき】 • abandonment, renunciation, resignation, abdication (responsibility, right)

① 放置【ほうち】 • leave as is, leave to chance, leave alone, neglect

① 模索【もさく】 • groping (for), exploring for a solution

① 誘導【ゆうどう】 • guidance, leading, induction, introduction, incitement, inducement

① 予想【よそう】 • expectation, anticipation, prediction, forecast, conjecture

① 余暇【よか】 • leisure, leisure time, spare time

① 様相【ようそう】 • aspect

① 要因【よういん】 • main cause, primary factor

① 理性【りせい】 • reason, sense

① 略語【りゃくご】 • abbreviation, acronym

① 良好【りょうこう】 • favorable, favourable, satisfactory

① 領域【りょういき】 • area, domain, territory, field, range, region, regime

① 連帯【れんたい】 • ① solidarity, collective ② joint

① 枠【わく】 • frame, slide, border

① 円滑【えんかつ】 • smooth, undisturbed, uninterrupted, harmonious

① 善し悪し【よしあし】 • good or bad, merits or demerits, quality, suitability

① 奉る【たてまつる】 • to offer, to present, to revere, to do respectfully

① 融通【ゆうずう】 • ① lending (money), finance ② adaptability, versatility, flexibility, accommodation

① 意欲【いよく】 • will, desire, ambition

① 規範【きはん】 • model, standard, pattern, norm, criterion, example

① 収集【しゅうしゅう】 • gathering up, collection, accumulation

① 担う【になう】 • to carry on shoulder, to bear (burden), to shoulder (gun)

① 図る【はかる】 • ① to plot, to attempt, to plan, to devise, to design ② to take in, to deceive ③ to aim for, to have something in mind ④ to refer A to B

① 普遍【ふへん】 • universal, ubiquitous, omnipresent

① 保障【ほしょう】 • guarantee, security, assurance, pledge, warranty

① 見通し【みとおし】 • perspective, unobstructed view, outlook, forecast, prospect, insight, foresight, visibility

① 著【ちょ】 • ① work, book ② (a book) by ③ obvious, striking

① 崖【がけ】 • cliff

① あえて • dare (to do something), venture (often overcoming reluctance, or in the face of probable failure), take upon oneself, challenge, presume, (there is no) need to, (don't) go as far as, definitely (not)

① 辿る【たどる】 • to follow (road), to pursue (course), to follow up, to follow (hyperlink)

① 奢る【おごる】 • to give (someone) a treat

① おもなる • main, principal, important

① 途切れる【とぎれる】 • to pause, to be interrupted

① とりわけ • ① especially, above all ② inter alia, among others

アプローチ • ① approach ② approach shot

コンセンサス • consensus

シナリオ • scenario

スト • strike

テーマ • topic, theme, project

生み出す【うみだす】 • ① to create, to bring forth, to produce ② to invent, to think up and bring into being ③ to give birth to, to bear

なかなか • ① very, considerably, easily, readily, fairly, quite, highly, rather ② by no means (with negative verb)

わが国【わがくに】 • our country, our land, one's own country

学界【がっかい】 • academic or scientific world

気楽【きらく】 • at ease, comfortable

広がり【ひろがり】 • spread, span

死去【しきょ】 • death

自前【じまえ】 • ① taking care one's responsibilities by oneself, one's own efforts, one's own expense ② going into business for oneself (selling one's own products), entrepreneur of such a business

自発【じはつ】 • spontaneous

主たる【しゅたる】 • main, principal, major

手持ち【てもち】 • holdings, goods on hand

先立つ【さきだつ】 • to lead, to precede, to die before someone, to go before, to take precedence

有意【ゆうい】 • significance

あり方【ありかた】 • ① the way something ought to be ② the (current) state of things, how things are

と言っても【といっても】 • although I say, although one might say, although called

下記【かき】 • the following

計量【けいりょう】 • ① measurement, computation ② metric, measure

欠勤【けっきん】 • absence (from work)

欠落【けつらく】 • missing, lacking

決定的【けっていてき】 • definite, final, decisive, conclusive

見合う【みあう】 • ① to exchange glances ② to correspond, to counterbalance

公的【こうてき】 • public, official

糸口【いとぐち】 • thread end, beginning, clue

事例【じれい】 • example, precedent

自営【じえい】 • independent, self-employed, self-supporting, operating own business

自明【じめい】 • obvious, self-evident, trivial, axiomatic, self-explanatory

主流【しゅりゅう】 • main current (stream), mainline, mainstream

全人【ぜんじん】 • saint, person well-balanced morally and intellectually

想定【そうてい】 • hypothesis, supposition, assumption

単身【たんしん】 • alone, unaided, away from home

着実【ちゃくじつ】 • steady, sound, trustworthy, solid

中退【ちゅうたい】 • leaving school during a term

追求【ついきゅう】 • ① pursuing (goal), pursuit, seeking, search ② to pursue (e.g. goal), to seek

低迷【ていめい】 • hanging low (over), hovering around (price level), low hanging (e.g. clouds), sluggish (e.g. economy), slump, recession

定数【ていすう】 • ① constant ② literal ③ quorum (for an assembly) ④ fate

定着【ていちゃく】 • establishing

内実【ないじつ】 • the facts

不安定【ふあんてい】 • instability, insecurity, crankiness

不平等【ふびょうどう】 • inequality, unequal (treaties), unfair

部落【ぶらく】 • ① hamlet, subunit of village ② burakumin area

分化【ぶんか】 • specialization, specialisation

夜勤【やきん】 • night shift

落書き【らくがき】 • scrawl, scribble, graffiti

留意【りゅうい】 • heeding, paying attention, bearing in mind

化す【かす】 • to change into, to convert to, to transform, to be reduced, to influence, to improve (someone)

取り組み【とりくみ】 • ① bout (in sports, etc.), match ② effort, initiative, dealing with, grappling with, wrestling with

とりわけ • ① especially, above all ② inter alia, among others

引き合い【ひきあい】 • ① reference, comparison, example ② inquiry, enquiry ③ witness, being involved in a court case, deal

類型【るいけい】 • ① type, pattern, shape, genre, breed ② similar type, similar pattern

自営業【じえいぎょう】 • independent business

路上【ろじょう】 • (on the) road, (on the) way

横ばい【よこばい】 • ① sidewise crawl (e.g. of a crab), crawling sideways ② leafhopper (insect), jassid ③ sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes) ④ levelling off, stabilizing

野宿【のじゅく】 • sleeping outdoors, sleeping out in the open air, camping

迷い【まよい】 • ① hesitation, bewilderment, doubt, indecision ② inability to reach enlightenment

実生活【じっせいかつ】 • real or actual life

見取り図【みとりず】 • a (rough) sketch

所持金【しょじきん】 • money in one's possession

進め方【すすめかた】 • format, procedure, way of proceeding

犯【はん】 • perpetrators of (some) crime, (some type of) crime

当てずっぽう【あてずっぽう】 • conjecture, guesswork, at random

圧倒的【あっとうてき】 • overwhelming

ちなみに • by the way, in this connection, incidentally, in passing

仮【かり】 • ① temporary, provisional, interim ② fictitious, assumed (name), alias

過言【かごん】 • exaggeration, saying too much

解禁【かいきん】 • lifting a ban

解明【かいめい】 • clarification, elucidation, explication

開設【かいせつ】 • establishment, opening

管理職【かんりしょく】 • management

逆説【ぎゃくせつ】 • paradox

急増【きゅうぞう】 • explosion, proliferation, surge

求職【きゅうしょく】 • job hunting, seeking employment

給付【きゅうふ】 • ① payment, provision, benefit, present, delivery ② performance

言説【げんせつ】 • remark, statement, discourse

構築【こうちく】 • construction

考察【こうさつ】 • consideration, inquiry, enquiry

在籍【ざいせき】 • enrollment, enrolment

財団【ざいだん】 • foundation

指針【ししん】 • compass needle (cursor), guideline, pointer

緒【いとぐち】 • thread end, beginning, clue

時給【じきゅう】 • hourly pay, hourly wage

失業者【しつぎょうしゃ】 • unemployed person

手探り【てさぐり】 • fumbling, groping

周知【しゅうち】 • common knowledge, (something) well-known

周到【しゅうとう】 • scrupulous, meticulous, careful

勝ち抜く【かちぬく】 • to win through

消失【しょうしつ】 • die out, disappear, vanish

上述【じょうじゅつ】 • above-mentioned, foregoing, forgoing

人権【じんけん】 • human rights, civil liberties

人付き合い【ひとづきあい】 • social disposition

積極【せっきょく】 • positive, progressive

選抜【せんばつ】 • selection, choice, picking out

総務【そうむ】 • general business (affairs), manager, director, adjutant general (mil)

造語【ぞうご】 • coined word

すなわち • that is, namely, i.e.

村民【そんみん】 • villager

断片【だんぺん】 • fragment, crumb, shred, bits and pieces

珍【ちん】 • rare, curious, strange

転職【てんしょく】 • change of occupation

渡り【わたり】 • ferry

怒る【いかる】 • ① to get angry, to get mad ② to tell someone off, to scold ③ to be angular, to be square

突きつける【つきつける】 • to thrust before, to thrust at

内包【ないほう】 • ① connotation, comprehension, intension ② inclusion, containment within

難民【なんみん】 • refugees

日経【にっけい】 • Nikkei (newspaper, share index)

認知【にんち】 • acknowledgement, acknowledgment, recognition

年収【ねんしゅう】 • annual income

悲痛【ひつう】 • bitterness, pathos

氷河【ひょうが】 • glacier

表象【ひょうしょう】 • symbol, emblem

不純【ふじゅん】 • impurity, adulteration, dishonesty, irregularity

府県【ふけん】 • prefecture

浮かび上がる【うかびあがる】 • to rise to the surface

副題【ふくだい】 • subtitle, subheading

福利【ふくり】 • welfare

閉ざす【とざす】 • to shut, to close, to lock, to fasten, to plunge (in grief)

変数【へんすう】 • variable (e.g. math), parameter

変容【へんよう】 • changed appearance

包含【ほうがん】 • ① inclusion, comprehension, implication ② to include, to comprise, to contain, to implicate

報告書【ほうこくしょ】 • (written) report

放任【ほうにん】 • noninterference, leaving something to take its own course, giving someone a free hand with something

法人【ほうじん】 • corporate body, corporation, (legal) person, (juridical) person

本格化【ほんかくか】 • regularization, regularisation, getting up speed, proceeding at full tilt

目論む【もくろむ】 • to plan, to form a plan, to scheme, to envision, to intend to do

友愛【ゆうあい】 • fraternity, friendship

欲求【よっきゅう】 • desire

浴びせる【あびせる】 • to pour on

冷戦【れいせん】 • cold war

零【れい】 • zero, nought

齢【よわい】 • (one's) age

連【れん】 • ① (taxonomical) tribe ② quinella (quiniela) ③ party, company, group ④ two reams (i.e. 1000 sheets of paper)

論者【ろんしゃ】 • advocate

論点【ろんてん】 • point in question (at issue)

願望【がんぼう】 • desire, wish, aspiration

仮説【かせつ】 • hypothesis, supposition, fictional

希薄【きはく】 • thin (e.g. air), lean, rarified, diluted, sparse, weak, rarefied

切り捨てる【きりすてる】 • ① to cut down, to slay ② to truncate, to round down, to round off ③ to omit, to discard, to cast away

若年【じゃくねん】 • youth

伸び【のび】 • ① growth, development ② stretching (e.g. body when waking up) ③ spread, elongation, extension, carry (e.g. of sound), sustain

居場所【いばしょ】 • whereabouts

諸悪【しょあく】 • every (kind of) evil or crime

担い手【にないて】 • a bearer, carrier, person in charge

製造業【せいぞうぎょう】 • manufacturing industry

雇用者【こようしゃ】 • ① employee ② employer, person hiring others

高齢者【こうれいしゃ】 • old person or people

職種【しょくしゅ】 • type of occupation, occupational category

子供部屋【こどもべや】 • child's room, nursery

極【きょく】 • ① pole ② climax, extreme, extremity, culmination, height, zenith, nadir

許【もと】 • under (esp. influence or guidance)

抜き【ぬき】 • ① without, not including, dispensed with ② (beating) in succession

そもそも • in the first place, to begin with, from the start, originally, ab initio

哀れむ【あわれむ】 • to commiserate, to pity, to have mercy on, to sympathize with, to sympathise with

依拠【いきょ】 • dependence

遺伝【いでん】 • heredity, inherent

一環【いっかん】 • link (e.g. a part of a larger plan)

一貫【いっかん】 • ① consistency, coherence, integration ② one kan (8.333 lbs)

一端【いったん】 • ① one end, an end ② part, fragment

徴【しるし】 • ① mark ② symbol ③ evidence

加盟【かめい】 • participation, affiliation

おおむね • ① in general, generally, mostly, roughly, largely, mainly, on the whole, by and large ② gist, point, main idea

概観【がいかん】 • general view, outline

概要【がいよう】 • outline, summary, abridgment, synopsis

株券【かぶけん】 • stock certificate

株式会社【かぶしきがいしゃ】 • public company, corporation, KK, formula for an incorporated public company

幹事【かんじ】 • executive secretary, coordinator, organizer, person in charge of making arrangements

陥る【おちいる】 • to fall, to trap, to cave in, to collapse

企み【たくらみ】 • plan, design, artifice, trick, intrigue

既存【きそん】 • existing

亀【かめ】 • tortoise, turtle

空洞化【くうどうか】 • making hollow, making meaningless

繰り広げる【くりひろげる】 • to unfold, to unroll, to open

刑法【けいほう】 • criminal law, penal code

警鐘【けいしょう】 • alarm bell, fire bell

軽視【けいし】 • despise, slight, ignore, neglect

欠如【けつじょ】 • lack, privation, deficiency

懸念【けねん】 • worry, fear, anxiety, concern

検証【けんしょう】 • verification, inspection

検定【けんてい】 • official certification, approval, inspection

顕著【けんちょ】 • remarkable, striking, obvious

源泉【げんせん】 • source

言及【げんきゅう】 • reference, allusion

拘泥【こうでい】 • adherence to, being a stickler

根源【こんげん】 • root, source, origin, foundation, base, principle

債権【さいけん】 • credit, claim

崎【さき】 • small peninsula

遺る【のこる】 • to remain, to be left

指標【しひょう】 • index, indices, indicator

支援【しえん】 • support, backing, aid, assistance

試行錯誤【しこうさくご】 • trial and error

示唆【しさ】 • suggestion, hint, implication

疾患【しっかん】 • disease, ailment

射程【しゃてい】 • range (e.g. of a rifle, missile, etc.)

尺度【しゃくど】 • linear measure, scale

就ける【つける】 • ① to install (a king, emperor, etc.) ② to appoint (to a post) ③ to assign (to study under)

就労【しゅうろう】 • actual work

従属【じゅうぞく】 • subordination, dependency

処遇【しょぐう】 • treatment, dealing with

障壁【しょうへき】 • enclosing wall, barrier

醸成【じょうせい】 • brew, foment, breed

嘱託【しょくたく】 • ① commission, charge (person with), entrusting with ② part-time (employee)

浸透【しんとう】 • ① permeation, penetration, soaking ② osmosis

推移【すいい】 • transition, change

推計【すいけい】 • estimate, estimation

推論【すいろん】 • inference, deduction, induction, reasoning

衰退【すいたい】 • decline, decay

整合【せいごう】 • adjustment, coordination, integration, conformity

選択肢【せんたくし】 • choices, alternatives, options

脚【あし】 • ① foot ② leg ③ gait ④ pace ⑤ bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji ⑥ means of transportation

属性【ぞくせい】 • attribute, property, context

多岐【たき】 • digression, many divergences

代償【だいしょう】 • compensation, indemnification, reparation, consideration

大雑把【おおざっぱ】 • rough (as in not precise), broad, sketchy

沢【さわ】 • ① swamp, marsh ② mountain stream, valley, dale

端的【たんてき】 • frank, direct, plain, straightforward, point-blank

端末【たんまつ】 • computer terminal

塚【つか】 • mound

低賃金【ていちんぎん】 • low wages

提起【ていき】 • bring suit, file a claim, raise a question

提言【ていげん】 • proposal, motion

提唱【ていしょう】 • advocacy, proposal

逃避【とうひ】 • escape, evasion, flight

闘争【とうそう】 • strife, conflict

同輩【どうはい】 • fellows, comrade, colleague, one's equal

得策【とくさく】 • profitable plan, good plan

忍耐【にんたい】 • endurance, perseverance, patience

年俸【ねんぽう】 • annual salary

納品【のうひん】 • delivery of goods

排他【はいた】 • exclusion

培う【つちかう】 • to cultivate, to foster

媒介【ばいかい】 • intermediary

拍車【はくしゃ】 • (riding) spur

発祥【はっしょう】 • origin, appearance of auspicious omen

発端【ほったん】 • origin, genesis, opening, start, beginning

不充分【ふじゅうぶん】 • insufficient, inadequate, imperfect, shortage

不利益【ふりえき】 • disadvantage, handicap, drawback, inadvisability, inexpediency

分岐【ぶんき】 • ① divergence (e.g. in a road), ramification ② forking, jump, multi-drop

堀【ほり】 • moat, canal

繭【まゆ】 • cocoon

密着【みっちゃく】 • ① glued to, closely related to ② giving total coverage to the key figure(s) of a TV or film documentary

無作為【むさくい】 • at random, unintentional

無条件【むじょうけん】 • unconditional

網羅【もうら】 • comprising, including, covering, encompassing, comprehending

梨【なし】 • nashi (Pyrus pyrifolia, esp. var. culta), Japanese pear, Asian pear, sand pear, apple pear

離脱【りだつ】 • withdrawal, secession, separation, breakaway

慮る【おもんぱかる】 • to consider

両氏【りょうし】 • both persons

列挙【れっきょ】 • enumeration, list

浪人【ろうにん】 • ① ronin, wandering samurai without a master to serve ② out of work ③ waiting for another chance to enter a university

博【はく】 • ① doctor, PhD ② exposition, fair, exhibition

挙げ句【あげく】 • in the end, finally, after all, at last

卸売【おろしうり】 • wholesale

過酷【かこく】 • rigour, rigor, severity, cruelty, harsh

闘う【たたかう】 • to fight, to battle, to combat, to struggle against, to wage war, to engage in contest

擁護【ようご】 • ① protection, advocacy, support, defence, championship, vindication ② to protect (e.g. rights, etc.), to advocate (e.g. free trade, etc.), to support

枠組み【わくぐみ】 • frame, framework

枠組【わくぐみ】 • frame, framework

粗雑【そざつ】 • coarse, rough, crude

筒井【つつい】 • round well

団塊【だんかい】 • mass, lump

対症療法【たいしょうりょうほう】 • symptomatic therapy, makeshift solution

基礎的【きそてき】 • fundamental, basic

棺【かん】 • coffin, casket

嵩【かさ】 • bulk, volume, quantity

契約社員【けいやくしゃいん】 • contract employee

派遣社員【はけんしゃいん】 • temporary worker

摂る【とる】 • to have (lunch, etc.), to take (vitamins, etc.)

猛【もう】 • ① greatly energetic ② ferocious ③ extreme, severe

しばしば • often, again and again, frequently

桶【おけ】 • bucket

兜【かぶと】 • helmet (of armor, armour), headpiece

卿【きょう】 • ① lord, sir ② state minister (i.e. under the ritsuryo system)

近畿【きんき】 • Kinki (region around Osaka, Kyoto, Nara)

りす • ① squirrel (excluding flying squirrels) ② Japanese squirrel (Sciurus lis)

狐【きつね】 • ① fox (esp. the red fox, Vulpes vulpes) ② fox (i.e. a sly person) ③ soba or udon topped with deep-fried tofu ④ light brown

骨董【こっとう】 • antique, curio

終焉【しゅうえん】 • demise

罵倒【ばとう】 • abuse, disparagement

蔑む【さげすむ】 • to scorn, to despise

翻弄【ほんろう】 • ① trifling with, toying with, playing with, making sport of, making fun of, leading around by the nose ② tossing about (a ship)

碇【いかり】 • anchor

いささか • a little, a bit, somewhat

鞭【むち】 • ① whip, lash, scourge ② stick, cane, rod, pointer

脆弱【ぜいじゃく】 • frail, brittle, fragility

癇【かん】 • temper, nerves

惹く【ひく】 • to attract, to captivate

さぎ • heron (Ardeidae)

静岡【しずおか】 • Shizuoka (city)