Study Set: 10,000 Frequently Used Japanese Words (pt. 1)

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10,000 Frequently Used Japanese Words (pt. 1)

A list of most frequently used Japanese words by a company that scanned over 250 million Japanese words on the Internet. (first 5,000 words)

compilation

4999 entries — Created by Bryse M. — Last modified: 2013-09-08 16:13:14

⑤ お金【おかね】 • money

⑤ お父さん【おとうさん】 • father

⑤ お母さん【おかあさん】 • mother

⑤ こんな • such (about something/someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or about ideas expressed by the speaker), like this

⑤ さあ • come, come now

⑤ さん • ① Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms ② honorific used with occupational titles

⑤ そう • ① so, really, seeming ② (after masu stem and adj-stem) appearing that, seeming that, looking like, having the appearance of

⑤ そんな • such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener), like that, that sort of

⑤ どうも • ① thanks ② much (thanks), very (sorry), quite (regret) ③ quite, really ④ somehow ⑤ no matter how hard one may try ⑥ greetings, hello, goodbye

⑤ もう • ① already, anymore ② soon, shortly ③ more, further, other, again ④ interjection used to strengthen expression of an emotion (often exasperation)

⑤ もっと • (some) more, even more, longer, further

⑤ ゆっくり • slowly, at ease, restful

⑤ アパート • ① apartment building, apartment block, apartment house ② apartment

⑤ エレベーター • elevator, lift

⑤ カップ • cup

⑤ カメラ • camera

⑤ カレー • curry

⑤ カレンダー • ① calendar ② calender (machine for flattening things)

⑤ キロ • kilo-, kilogram, kilogramme, kilometre, kilometer, 10^3

⑤ ギター • guitar

⑤ クラス • class

⑤ グラム • gram, gramme

⑤ コート • ① coat ② court (i.e. tennis, basketball, etc.)

⑤ コップ • glass (i.e. drinking vessel), tumbler

⑤ シャツ • shirt, singlet

⑤ シャワー • shower

⑤ スカート • skirt

⑤ ストーブ • heater (from stove)

⑤ スプーン • spoon

⑤ スポーツ • sport, sports

⑤ ズボン • trousers

⑤ セーター • sweater, jumper

⑤ ゼロ • zero

⑤ タクシー • taxi

⑤ テーブル • table

⑤ テープ • tape

⑤ テスト • test

⑤ テレビ • television, TV

⑤ デパート • department store

⑤ トイレ • toilet, restroom, bathroom, lavatory

⑤ ドア • door (Western-style)

⑤ ナイフ • knife

⑤ ニュース • news

⑤ ネクタイ • tie, necktie

⑤ ノート • ① notebook, copy-book, exercise book ② note ③ notebook PC

⑤ ハンカチ • handkerchief

⑤ バス • ① bus ② bath ③ bass

⑤ バター • butter

⑤ パーティー • party

⑤ パン • ① bread, pastries (e.g. croissants), pastry-based products ② pan, frying pan ③ panning (in a film)

⑤ フィルム • film

⑤ フォーク • ① fork ② folk, folk song ③ hawk

⑤ プール • ① (swimming) pool ② pool (billiards) ③ pool (together)

⑤ ベッド • bed

⑤ ペン • pen

⑤ ホテル • hotel

⑤ ボールペン • ball-point pen

⑤ ポケット • pocket

⑤ マッチ • ① match (contest, lighting fires. etc.) ② to match with, to go well with

⑤ メートル • metre, meter, meter (i.e., a gauge), gauge

⑤ ラジオ • radio

⑤ レコード • ① record (e.g. LP) ② record (e.g. athletics)

⑤ レストラン • restaurant (esp. Western-style)

⑤ 安い【やすい】 • ① cheap, inexpensive ② calm, peaceful, quiet

⑤ 一【いち】 • ① one ② best in, the most (...) in (where an adjective follows)

⑤ 一つ【ひとつ】 • ① one ② for one thing (often used in itemized lists) ③ (after a noun) only ④ (with a verb in negative form) (not) even ⑤ just (i.e. "just try it")

⑤ 飲む【のむ】 • ① to drink, to gulp, to swallow ② to smoke (tobacco) ③ to engulf, to overwhelm ④ to keep down, to suppress ⑤ to accept (e.g. demand, condition) ⑥ to make light of, to conceal

⑤ 右【みぎ】 • ① right, right hand side ② afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing), foregoing, forgoing, above

⑤ 駅【えき】 • station

⑤ 円【えん】 • ① Yen, money ② circle

⑤ 下手【へた】 • ① unskillful, poor, awkward ② imprudent, untactful

⑤ どうぞ • ① please, kindly ② by all means

⑤ 花【はな】 • ① flower, blossom, bloom, petal ② blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms), cherry blossom ③ ikebana ④ Japanese playing cards ⑤ beauty ⑥ (the) best

⑤ 会社【かいしゃ】 • ① company, corporation ② workplace

⑤ 外国【がいこく】 • foreign country

⑤ 学校【がっこう】 • school

⑤ 学生【がくせい】 • student (esp. a university student)

⑤ 休み【やすみ】 • ① rest, recess, respite ② vacation, holiday, absence, suspension ③ dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)

⑤ 休む【やすむ】 • ① to be absent, to take a day off ② to rest, to have a break ③ to go to bed, to (lie down to) sleep, to turn in, to retire ④ to stop doing some ongoing activity for a time, to suspend business

⑤ 空【そら】 • sky, the heavens

⑤ 見せる【みせる】 • to show, to display

⑤ 見る【みる】 • ① to see, to look, to watch, to view, to observe ② to look over, to look on, to assess, to examine, to judge ③ to look after, to keep an eye on, to take care of ④ to view (e.g. flowers, movie) ⑤ (usu. after the -te form of a verb) to try

⑤ 古い【ふるい】 • old (not person), aged, ancient, antiquated, stale, threadbare, outmoded, obsolete article

⑤ 五【ご】 • five

⑤ 五つ【いつつ】 • five

⑤ 午後【ごご】 • afternoon, p.m.

⑤ 午前【ごぜん】 • morning, a.m.

⑤ 後ろ【うしろ】 • back, behind, rear

⑤ 語【ご】 • ① language ② word

⑤ 口【くち】 • ① mouth ② opening, hole, gap, orifice ③ mouth (of a bottle), spout, nozzle, mouthpiece ④ gate, door, entrance, exit ⑤ speaking, speech, talk (i.e. gossip) ⑥ taste, palate ⑦ mouth (to feed) ⑧ opening (i.e. vacancy), available position ⑨ invitation, summons ⑩ kind, sort, type ⑪ opening (i.e. beginning) ⑫ counter for mouthfuls, shares (of money), and swords

⑤ 高い【たかい】 • ① high, tall ② expensive

⑤ 今【いま】 • now, the present time, just now, soon, immediately, (one) more

⑤ 今月【こんげつ】 • this month

⑤ 今週【こんしゅう】 • this week

⑤ 左【ひだり】 • left, left hand side

⑤ 三つ【みっつ】 • three

⑤ 山【やま】 • ① mountain ② pile, heap ③ climax, critical point ④ speculated area covered by an examination

⑤ 四つ【よっつ】 • four

⑤ 時【とき】 • ① time, hour ② occasion, moment

⑤ 時間【じかん】 • ① time ② hours

⑤ 耳【みみ】 • ① ear ② hearing ③ edge, crust ④ selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics), selvage

⑤ 七【なな】 • seven

⑤ 車【くるま】 • ① car, automobile, vehicle ② wheel

⑤ 手【て】 • ① hand, arm ② handle ③ hand, worker, help ④ trouble, care, effort ⑤ means, way, trick, move, technique, workmanship ⑥ hand, handwriting ⑦ kind, type, sort ⑧ one's hands, one's possession ⑨ ability to cope ⑩ hand (of cards) ⑪ direction

⑤ 週間【しゅうかん】 • week, weekly

⑤ 出す【だす】 • ① to take out, to get out ② to put out, to reveal, to show ③ to submit (e.g. thesis), to turn in ④ to publish, to make public ⑤ to send (e.g. letter) ⑥ to produce (a sound), to start (fire) ⑦ to serve (food) ⑧ to begin

⑤ 出る【でる】 • ① to go out, to exit, to leave ② to appear, to come forth, to be published ③ to answer (the phone or door)

⑤ 出口【でぐち】 • exit, gateway, way out, outlet, leak, vent

⑤ 出来る【できる】 • ① to be able (in a position) to do, to be up to the task ② to be ready, to be completed ③ to be made, to be built ④ to be good at, to be permitted (to do) ⑤ to become intimate, to take up (with somebody) ⑥ to grow, to be raised

⑤ 書く【かく】 • to write

⑤ 女【おんな】 • woman

⑤ 女の子【おんなのこ】 • girl

⑤ 小さい【ちいさい】 • small, little, tiny

⑤ 少し【すこし】 • ① small quantity, little, few, something ② little while ③ short distance

⑤ 上【うえ】 • ① above, up, over ② top, summit ③ surface, on ④ before, previous ⑤ superiority, one's superior (i.e. one's elder) ⑥ on top of that, besides, what's more ⑦ upon (further inspection, etc.), based on (and occurring after) ⑧ matters concerning..., as concerns ... ⑨ since (i.e. "for that reason") ⑩ suffix indicating higher social standing

⑤ 上げる【あげる】 • ① to raise, to elevate ② to do up (one's hair) ③ to fly (a kite, etc.), to launch (fireworks, etc.), to surface (a submarine, etc.) ④ to land (a boat) ⑤ to show someone (into a room) ⑥ (uk) to summon (for geishas, etc.) ⑦ to send someone (away) ⑧ to enrol (one's child in school) (enroll) ⑨ to increase (price, quality, status, etc.) ⑩ to make (a loud sound), to raise (one's voice) ⑪ to earn (something desirable) ⑫ to praise ⑬ to give (an example, etc.), to cite ⑭ to summon up (all of one's energy, etc.) ⑮ to arrest ⑯ to nominate ⑰ to give ⑱ to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.) ⑲ to bear (a child) ⑳ to conduct (a ceremony, esp. a wedding) ○ (of the tide) to come in ○ to vomit ○ (after the -te form of a verb) to do for (the sake of someone else) ○ (after the -masu stem of a verb) to complete ○ used after the -masu stem of a humble verb to increase the level of humility

⑤ 上手【じょうず】 • ① skill, skillful, dexterity ② flattery

⑤ 食べる【たべる】 • to eat

⑤ 新聞【しんぶん】 • newspaper

⑤ 人【じん】 • ① -ian (e.g. Italian, etc.) (attaches to name of country to denote nationality), -er (e.g. performer, etc.) (attaches to name of occupation) ② (usu. in compound words) man, person, people

⑤ 水【みず】 • water (cold, fresh)

⑤ 生まれる【うまれる】 • to be born

⑤ 西【にし】 • west

⑤ 先【さき】 • ① previous, prior, former, some time ago, preceding ② point (e.g. pencil), tip, end, nozzle ③ head (of a line), front ④ ahead, the other side ⑤ the future, hereafter ⑥ destination ⑦ the other party

⑤ 先月【せんげつ】 • last month

⑤ 先週【せんしゅう】 • last week, the week before

⑤ 先生【せんせい】 • ① teacher, master, doctor ② with names of teachers, etc. as an honorific

⑤ 千【せん】 • 1,000, thousand

⑤ 前【まえ】 • ① ago, before (some event), previously, (minutes) to (the hour) ② in front (of), before (e.g. the house) ③ head (of a line), front (e.g. of a bus), fore part ④ in the presence of ⑤ helping, portion ⑥ privates, private parts

⑤ 足【あし】 • ① foot ② leg ③ gait ④ pace

⑤ 大学【だいがく】 • ① post-secondary education institution, incl. university, college, etc. ② the Great Learning - one of the Four Books

⑤ 大人【おとな】 • adult

⑤ 男【おとこ】 • man

⑤ 男の子【おとこのこ】 • boy, male child, baby boy

⑤ 長い【ながい】 • ① long (distance) ② long (time), lengthy

⑤ 天気【てんき】 • ① weather, the elements ② fair weather, fine weather

⑤ 電気【でんき】 • ① electricity ② (electric) light

⑤ 電車【でんしゃ】 • (electric) train

⑤ 電話【でんわ】 • telephone

⑤ 東【ひがし】 • east

⑤ 道【みち】 • ① road, street, way, path, course, route, lane ② distance, ways (e.g. "a long ways") ③ the way (of proper conduct, etc.), one's way, morals ④ teachings (esp. Confucian or Buddhist), dogma ⑤ field (of medicine, etc.), subject ⑥ way, method, means

⑤ 読む【よむ】 • to read

⑤ 南【みなみ】 • south

⑤ 二【に】 • two

⑤ 二つ【ふたつ】 • two

⑤ 日本語【にほんご】 • Japanese (language)

⑤ 入る【はいる】 • ① to enter ② to break into ③ to join, to enroll ④ to contain, to hold, to accommodate ⑤ to have (an income of)

⑤ 入れる【いれる】 • ① to put in, to let in, to take in, to bring in, to insert, to set (a jewel, etc.) ② to admit, to accept, to employ, to hire ③ to accept, to comply, to grant, to adopt (a policy, etc.), to take (advice, etc.), to listen to, to pay attention to ④ to include ⑤ to pay (one's rent, etc.) ⑥ to cast (a vote) ⑦ to make (tea, coffee, etc.) ⑧ to turn on (a switch, etc.) ⑨ to send (a fax), to call

⑤ 買う【かう】 • ① to buy ② to value, to have a high opinion ③ to stir, to provoke

⑤ 白【しろ】 • ① white ② good guy, 'white hat'

⑤ 白い【しろい】 • white

⑤ 半【はん】 • half, semi-

⑤ 半分【はんぶん】 • half

⑤ 百【ひゃく】 • 100, hundred

⑤ 父【ちち】 • father

⑤ 分【ふん】 • minute

⑤ 母【はは】 • mother

⑤ 北【きた】 • north

⑤ 本【ほん】 • ① book, volume ② main, head, this, our, present, real ③ counter for long cylindrical things

⑤ 毎週【まいしゅう】 • every week

⑤ 毎日【まいにち】 • every day

⑤ 名前【なまえ】 • ① name, full name ② given name, first name

⑤ 木【き】 • tree, wood, timber

⑤ 来る【くる】 • ① to come (spatially or temporally), to approach, to arrive ② to come back, to do ... and come back ③ to come to be, to become, to get, to grow, to continue ④ to come from, to be caused by, to derive from ⑤ to come to (i.e. "when it comes to spinach ...")

⑤ 来月【らいげつ】 • next month

⑤ 来週【らいしゅう】 • next week

⑤ 来年【らいねん】 • next year

⑤ 話す【はなす】 • to speak

⑤ 何【なに】 • ① what ② how many (some counter)

⑤ 何【なん】 • ① what ② how many (some counter)

⑤ 魚【さかな】 • fish

⑤ 九【きゅう】 • nine

⑤ 行く【いく】 • ① to go ② to proceed, to take place ③ to die, to pass away ④ to continue

⑤ 今日【きょう】 • today, this day

⑤ 今年【ことし】 • this year

⑤ 三【さん】 • three

⑤ 四【よん】 • four

⑤ 十【じゅう】 • 10, ten

⑤ 人【ひと】 • ① man, person ② human being, mankind, people ③ character, personality ④ man of talent, true man ⑤ other people ⑥ adult

⑤ 店【みせ】 • store, shop, establishment

⑤ 八【はち】 • eight

⑤ 毎年【まいとし】 • every year, yearly, annually

⑤ 万【まん】 • ① 10,000, ten thousand ② myriads ③ everything, all

⑤ 六【ろく】 • six

⑤ 言う【いう】 • ① to say ② to call (i.e. to give a name)

⑤ 大きい【おおきい】 • big, large, great, loud

⑤ 聞く【きく】 • ① to hear ② to listen (e.g. to music) ③ to ask, to enquire, to query

⑤ 国【くに】 • ① country, (the) state ② region ③ home (i.e. hometown, home country)

⑤ 立つ【たつ】 • ① to stand, to rise, to stand up ② to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position) ③ to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)

⑤ 出かける【でかける】 • to depart, to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing), to set out, to start, to be going out

⑤ 話【はなし】 • ① talk, speech, chat, story, conversation ② discussions, negotiation, argument

⑤ 分かる【わかる】 • ① to be understood, to be comprehended, to be grasped ② to become clear, to be known, to be discovered, to be realized, to be realised, to be found out

⑤ 母さん【かあさん】 • mother

⑤ 父さん【とうさん】 • father

⑤ 時【じ】 • ① hour, o'clock ② (specified) time, when ..., during ...

⑤ 日【にち】 • ① Sunday ② day (of the month) ③ counter for days

⑤ 年【ねん】 • ① year (e.g. AD) ② counter for years

⑤ いる • auxillary verb for continuing action or state

⑤ 人【にん】 • ① counter for people ② (usu. in compound words) person

⑤ お茶【おちゃ】 • ① tea (usu. green) ② tea break (at work) ③ tea ceremony

⑤ 悪い【わるい】 • ① bad, poor, inferior ② evil, sinful ③ unprofitable, unbeneficial ④ at fault, to blame, in the wrong ⑤ sorry

⑤ 暗い【くらい】 • ① dark, gloomy ② dark (in colour), dull ③ depressed, dispirited ④ sorrowful, bitter (as in a dark past) ⑤ unclear, unfamiliar, unknown

⑤ 意味【いみ】 • meaning, significance

⑤ 医者【いしゃ】 • (medical) doctor, physician

⑤ 引く【ひく】 • ① to pull ② to draw (attention, etc.), to attract (interest, etc.) ③ to draw back ④ to draw (a card) ⑤ to draw (plan, line, etc.) ⑥ to catch (cold) ⑦ to play (string instr.) ⑧ to look up (e.g. dictionary), to consult ⑨ to haul, to pull (vehicles) ⑩ to subtract ⑪ to ebb, to fade ⑫ to descend (from), to inherit (a characteristic) ⑬ to quote, to raise (as evidence) ⑭ to lay (a cable), to draw (a cable)

⑤ 映画【えいが】 • movie, film

⑤ 英語【えいご】 • English (language)

⑤ 遠い【とおい】 • far, distant

⑤ 音楽【おんがく】 • music, musical movement

⑤ 夏【なつ】 • summer

⑤ 夏休み【なつやすみ】 • summer vacation, summer holiday

⑤ 家族【かぞく】 • family, members of a family

⑤ 火曜日【かようび】 • Tuesday

⑤ 会う【あう】 • ① to meet, to encounter ② to have an accident, to have a bad experience

⑤ 回【かい】 • ① counter for occurrences ② counter for innings (baseball)

⑤ 海【うみ】 • sea, beach

⑤ 開ける【あける】 • ① to open (a door, etc.), to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package) ② to open (for business, etc.)

⑤ 楽しい【たのしい】 • enjoyable, fun

⑤ 寒い【さむい】 • ① cold (e.g. weather) ② dull, uninteresting, lame

⑤ 漢字【かんじ】 • Chinese characters, kanji

⑤ 帰る【かえる】 • ① to return, to come home, to go home, to go back ② (of a guest, customer, etc.) to leave ③ (of a baseball player rounding the bases) to get home

⑤ 起きる【おきる】 • ① to get up, to rise ② to wake up ③ to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents), to happen, to take place

⑤ 牛肉【ぎゅうにく】 • beef

⑤ 去年【きょねん】 • last year

⑤ 強い【つよい】 • ① strong, powerful, mighty, potent ② resistant, resilient, durable

⑤ 教える【おしえる】 • to teach, to inform, to instruct

⑤ 教室【きょうしつ】 • classroom

⑤ 近い【ちかい】 • near, close, short (distance)

⑤ 近く【ちかく】 • ① near, neighbourhood, neighborhood, vicinity ② nearly (i.e. "it took nearly one year"), close to ③ shortly, soon

⑤ 金曜日【きんようび】 • Friday

⑤ 銀行【ぎんこう】 • bank

⑤ 兄さん【にいさん】 • ① older brother, elder brother ② brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship) ③ (vocative) young man, buddy, fella, laddie

⑤ 兄弟【きょうだい】 • siblings, brothers and sisters

⑤ 軽い【かるい】 • ① light (i.e. not heavy), feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily) ② light (i.e. of foot), nimble, agile ③ non-serious, minor, unimportant, trivial ④ slight, small, gentle, soft ⑤ easy, simple ⑥ indiscriminate

⑤ 月【つき】 • ① moon ② month

⑤ 月曜日【げつようび】 • Monday

⑤ 建物【たてもの】 • building

⑤ 犬【いぬ】 • ① dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris) ② snoop (i.e. a detective, a spy, etc.) ③ counterfeit, inferior, useless, wasteful

⑤ 元気【げんき】 • health(y), robust, vigor, vigour, energy, vitality, vim, stamina, spirit, courage, pep

⑤ ご飯【ごはん】 • ① cooked rice ② meal

⑤ 好き【すき】 • liking, fondness, love

⑤ 広い【ひろい】 • spacious, vast, wide

⑤ 考える【かんがえる】 • to consider, to think about

⑤ 黒【くろ】 • ① black ② dark ③ bad guy, 'black hat'

⑤ 黒い【くろい】 • ① black ② dark ③ illicit, wicked, underground

⑤ 有る【ある】 • ① to be (usu. of inanimate objects), to exist, to live ② to have ③ to be located ④ to be equipped with ⑤ to happen, to come about

⑤ 作文【さくぶん】 • ① writing (an essay, prose, etc.), composition ② formal writing with little real meaning

⑤ 仕事【しごと】 • ① work, job, business, occupation, employment, vocation, task ② work

⑤ 使う【つかう】 • ① to use (a thing, method, etc.), to make use of, to put to use ② to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.), to employ, to handle, to manage, to manipulate ③ to use (time, money, etc.), to spend, to consume ④ to use (language), to speak ⑤ to take (one's lunch), to circulate (bad money)

⑤ 始まる【はじまる】 • to begin

⑤ 姉【あね】 • older sister, elder sister

⑤ 姉さん【ねえさん】 • ① elder sister ② (vocative) young lady ③ miss (referring to a waitress, etc.) ④ ma'am (used by geisha to refer to their superiors)

⑤ 止まる【とまる】 • ① to stop, to halt ② to remain, to abide, to stay (in the one place) ③ to come to a halt ④ to be limited to

⑤ 死ぬ【しぬ】 • to die

⑤ 私【わたし】 • ① I, me ② private affairs, personal matter, secrecy ③ selfishness

⑤ 持つ【もつ】 • ① to hold, to carry ② to possess

⑤ 時計【とけい】 • watch, clock, timepiece

⑤ 自転車【じてんしゃ】 • bicycle

⑤ 自動車【じどうしゃ】 • automobile

⑤ 自分【じぶん】 • ① myself, yourself, oneself, himself, herself ② I, me

⑤ 質問【しつもん】 • question, inquiry, enquiry

⑤ 写真【しゃしん】 • ① photograph, photo ② movie

⑤ 借りる【かりる】 • ① to borrow, to have a loan ② to rent, to hire

⑤ 弱い【よわい】 • weak, frail, delicate, tender, unskilled, weak (wine)

⑤ 手紙【てがみ】 • letter

⑤ 秋【あき】 • autumn, fall

⑤ 習う【ならう】 • to learn

⑤ 住む【すむ】 • to live (of humans), to reside, to inhabit, to dwell, to abide

⑤ 重い【おもい】 • ① heavy, massive ② serious, important, severe, oppressed

⑤ 春【はる】 • ① spring, springtime ② new year ③ prime (of one's life, etc.) ④ adolescence, puberty ⑤ sexuality

⑤ 始め【はじめ】 • beginning, start, origin

⑤ 暑い【あつい】 • hot (weather, etc.), warm

⑤ 少ない【すくない】 • few, a little, scarce, insufficient, seldom

⑤ 乗る【のる】 • ① to get on, to ride in, to board, to mount, to get up on ② to spread (paints), to be taken in ③ to share in, to join, to feel like doing, to be mentioned in, to be in harmony with ④ to appear (in print), to be recorded, to be found in (a dictionary)

⑤ 色【いろ】 • ① colour, color ② complexion ③ appearance, look ④ love, lust, sensuality, love affair, lover ⑤ kind, type, variety

⑤ 食べ物【たべもの】 • food

⑤ 食堂【しょくどう】 • ① dining room, dining hall, cafeteria, messroom ② restaurant, eatery, snack bar, diner

⑤ 新しい【あたらしい】 • new

⑤ 図書館【としょかん】 • library

⑤ 水曜日【すいようび】 • Wednesday

⑤ 青【あお】 • ① blue ② green ③ green light ④ black (horse coat color) ⑤ immature, unripe, young

⑤ 青い【あおい】 • ① blue, green ② pale ③ unripe, inexperienced

⑤ 赤い【あかい】 • ① red ② Red (i.e. communist)

⑤ 切る【きる】 • ① to cut (usu. to cut through) ② to sever (connections, ties) ③ to turn off (i.e. the light) ④ to terminate (i.e. a conversation), to hang up (the phone), to disconnect ⑤ to punch (a ticket), to tear off (a stub) ⑥ to open (something sealed) ⑦ to start ⑧ to set (a limit) ⑨ to reduce, to decrease, to discount ⑩ to shake off (water, etc.), to let drip-dry (or drain) ⑪ to cross ⑫ to do (something noticeable) ⑬ to turn (a vehicle) ⑭ to cut (the ball) ⑮ to shuffle (cards) ⑯ to trump ⑰ (in Go) to isolate (an opponent's stone) ⑱ (after the -masu stem of a verb) to finish, to complete

⑤ 切手【きって】 • stamp (postage), merchandise certificate

⑤ 洗う【あらう】 • ① to wash ② to investigate

⑤ 走る【はしる】 • ① to run ② to travel (movement of vehicles) ③ to hurry to ④ to retreat (from battle), to take flight ⑤ to run away from home ⑥ to elope ⑦ to tend heavily toward

⑤ 早い【はやい】 • ① fast, quick, hasty, brisk ② early (in the day, etc.), premature ③ (too) soon, not yet, (too) early ④ easy, simple, quick

⑤ 多い【おおい】 • many, numerous

⑤ 多分【たぶん】 • ① perhaps, probably ② generous, many, much, great

⑤ 太い【ふとい】 • ① fat, thick ② deep (of a voice) ③ daring, shameless, brazen

⑤ 待つ【まつ】 • ① to wait ② to await, to look forward to, to anticipate ③ (usu. in negative form) to depend on, to need

⑤ 貸す【かす】 • ① to lend, to loan ② to rent out, to hire out

⑤ 台所【だいどころ】 • kitchen

⑤ 大きな【おおきな】 • big, large, great

⑤ 大好き【だいすき】 • loveable, very likeable, like very much

⑤ 大使館【たいしかん】 • embassy

⑤ 大切【たいせつ】 • important, valuable, worthy of care

⑤ 短い【みじかい】 • short

⑤ 知る【しる】 • to know, to understand, to be acquainted with, to feel

⑤ 地図【ちず】 • map

⑤ 茶色【ちゃいろ】 • light brown, tawny

⑤ 着く【つく】 • ① to arrive at, to reach ② to sit on, to sit at (e.g. the table)

⑤ 着る【きる】 • ① to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down), to put on ② to bear (guilt, etc.)

⑤ 昼【ひる】 • ① noon, midday ② daytime ③ lunch

⑤ 朝【あさ】 • morning

⑤ 鳥【とり】 • ① bird ② bird meat (esp. chicken meat), fowl, poultry

⑤ 低い【ひくい】 • low (height, tone, rank, degree, cost, etc.), short

⑤ 度【ど】 • ① degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.) ② counter for occurrences and times ③ strength (of alcohol)

⑤ 土曜日【どようび】 • Saturday

⑤ 冬【ふゆ】 • winter

⑤ 答える【こたえる】 • to answer, to reply

⑤ 働く【はたらく】 • ① to work, to labor, to labour ② to function, to operate, to be effective, to work (i.e. ... works), to come into play ③ to commit (e.g. a crime), to perpetrate, to do, to act, to practise, to practice ④ to be conjugated

⑤ 動物【どうぶつ】 • animal

⑤ 同じ【おなじ】 • ① same, identical, equal, uniform, equivalent, similar, common (origin), changeless, alike ② (usu. part of a 'nara' conditional) anyway, anyhow, in either case

⑤ 肉【にく】 • ① flesh ② meat ③ the physical body (as opposed to the spirit) ④ thickness ⑤ ink pad

⑤ 日曜日【にちようび】 • Sunday

⑤ 売る【うる】 • to sell

⑤ 病院【びょういん】 • hospital

⑤ 病気【びょうき】 • illness, disease, sickness

⑤ 風【かぜ】 • wind, breeze

⑤ 服【ふく】 • ① clothes (esp. Western clothes) ② counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.

⑤ 物【もの】 • ① thing, object ② the natural thing, a frequently done thing ③ used to express emotional involvement ④ used in giving a reason

⑤ 勉強【べんきょう】 • ① study ② diligence ③ discount, reduction

⑤ 歩く【あるく】 • to walk

⑤ 妹【いもうと】 • younger sister

⑤ 毎朝【まいあさ】 • every morning

⑤ 明るい【あかるい】 • ① bright, colourful ② cheerful ③ familiar (with), knowledgeable (about) ④ fair (e.g. politics), clean

⑤ 木曜日【もくようび】 • Thursday

⑤ 問題【もんだい】 • problem, question

⑤ 夜【よる】 • evening, night

⑤ 野菜【やさい】 • vegetable

⑤ 薬【くすり】 • ① medicine, pharmaceuticals, (legal) drugs ② efficacious chemical (i.e. gunpowder, pesticide, etc.) ③ (pottery) glaze ④ small bribe

⑤ 有名【ゆうめい】 • ① famous ② fame

⑤ 夕べ【ゆうべ】 • ① evening ② last night

⑤ 夕方【ゆうがた】 • evening

⑤ 洋服【ようふく】 • Western-style clothes (cf traditional Japanese clothes)

⑤ 旅行【りょこう】 • travel, trip

⑤ 料理【りょうり】 • ① cooking, cookery, cuisine ② dealing with something, handling, administration, management

⑤ 今朝【けさ】 • this morning

⑤ 上着【うわぎ】 • coat, tunic, jacket, outer garment

⑤ 頭【あたま】 • ① head ② mind, brain, intellect ③ top ④ hair (on one's head) ⑤ bangs, fringe ⑥ top structural component of a kanji

⑤ 明日【あした】 • tomorrow

⑤ 門【もん】 • ① gate ② branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master ③ (biological) division ④ counter for cannons

⑤ 開く【あく】 • ① to open (e.g. doors) ② to open (e.g. business, etc.)

⑤ 色々【いろいろ】 • various

⑤ 歌う【うたう】 • ① to sing ② to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.)

⑤ 思う【おもう】 • ① to think, to consider, to believe ② to think (of doing), to plan (to do) ③ to judge, to assess, to regard ④ to imagine, to suppose, to dream ⑤ to expect, to look forward to ⑥ to feel, to desire, to want ⑦ to recall, to remember

⑤ 終わる【おわる】 • to finish, to end, to close

⑤ 買い物【かいもの】 • shopping, purchased goods

⑤ 作る【つくる】 • ① to make, to produce, to manufacture, to build, to construct ② to prepare (food), to brew (alcohol) ③ to raise, to grow, to cultivate, to train ④ to till ⑤ to draw up (a document), to make out, to prepare, to write ⑥ to create (an artistic work, etc.), to compose ⑦ to coin (a phrase), to organize, to organise, to establish, to found ⑧ to have (a child) ⑨ to make up (one's face, etc.) ⑩ to fabricate (an excuse, etc.) ⑪ to form (a line, etc.) ⑫ to set (a record) ⑬ to commit (a sin, etc.)

⑤ 飲み物【のみもの】 • drink, beverage

⑤ 町【まち】 • ① town, block, neighbourhood, neighborhood ② street, road ③ 109.09 m ④ 0.99 hectares

⑤ 赤【あか】 • ① red, crimson, scarlet ② red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange) ③ red light ④ red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading), (in) the red ⑤ complete, total, perfect, obvious

⑤ 屋【や】 • ① (something) shop ② somebody who sells (something) or works as (something) ③ somebody with a (certain) personality trait ④ house ⑤ roof

⑤ 小さな【ちいさな】 • small, little, tiny

⑤ 泳ぐ【およぐ】 • to swim

⑤ 横【よこ】 • ① horizontal (as opposed to vertical), lying down ② side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back), width, breadth ③ side (of a box, etc.) ④ beside, aside, next to ⑤ unconnected

⑤ 黄色い【きいろい】 • yellow

⑤ 家庭【かてい】 • home, family, household

⑤ 荷物【にもつ】 • ① luggage, baggage ② burden ③ payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)

⑤ 絵【え】 • picture, drawing, painting, sketch

⑤ 階【かい】 • ① stories, storeys ② counter for storeys and floors of a building

⑤ 勤める【つとめる】 • ① to work (for), to be employed (at), to serve (in) ② to serve (as), to act (as), to fill (the position of), to play the role (of) ③ to conduct a religious service

⑤ 君【きみ】 • you, buddy, pal

⑤ 言葉【ことば】 • ① language, dialect ② word, words, phrase, term, expression, remark ③ speech, (manner of) speaking

⑤ 戸【と】 • door (esp. Japanese-style)

⑤ 公園【こうえん】 • (public) park

⑤ 向こう【むこう】 • ① opposite side, other side, opposite direction ② over there, that way, far away, beyond ③ the other party, the other person ④ future (starting now)

⑤ 細い【ほそい】 • thin, slender, fine

⑤ 皿【さら】 • ① plate, dish, platter, disc ② serving, helping, course ③ kanji radical 108 (at the bottom)

⑤ 歯【は】 • tooth

⑤ 取る【とる】 • ① to take, to pick up, to harvest, to earn, to choose ② to steal ③ to eat, to have (a meal) ④ to remove (one's glasses, etc.)

⑤ 宿題【しゅくだい】 • homework

⑤ 消える【きえる】 • to go out, to vanish, to disappear

⑤ 消す【けす】 • ① to erase, to delete, to cross out ② to turn off power ③ to extinguish, to put out

⑤ 登る【のぼる】 • ① to ascend, to go up, to climb ② to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the sun), to rise ③ to go to (the capital) ④ to be promoted ⑤ to add up to ⑥ to advance (in price) ⑦ to swim up (a river), to sail up ⑧ to come up (on the agenda)

⑤ 晴れ【はれ】 • ① clear weather ② public, formal ③ cleared of suspicion

⑤ 晴れる【はれる】 • ① to clear up, to clear away, to be sunny, to stop raining ② to refresh (e.g. spirits) ③ to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion) ④ to be dispelled, to be banished

⑤ 雪【ゆき】 • snow

⑤ 全部【ぜんぶ】 • all, entire, whole, altogether

⑤ 速い【はやい】 • ① fast, quick, hasty, brisk ② early (in the day, etc.), premature ③ (too) soon, not yet, (too) early ④ easy, simple, quick

⑤ 地下鉄【ちかてつ】 • underground train, subway

⑤ 飛ぶ【とぶ】 • to fly, to soar

⑤ 庭【にわ】 • garden

⑤ 豚肉【ぶたにく】 • pork

⑤ 番号【ばんごう】 • number, series of digits

⑤ 美味しい【おいしい】 • ① delicious, tasty ② nice (move in sport, trick, etc., nuance of being easy or a bit lucky), sweet

⑤ 鼻【はな】 • nose

⑤ 部屋【へや】 • ① room ② sumo stable

⑤ 文章【ぶんしょう】 • ① sentence, article, composition ② (writing) style

⑤ 返す【かえす】 • ① to return (something), to restore, to put back ② to pay back, to retaliate, to reciprocate

⑤ 方【かた】 • ① direction, way ② person, lady, gentleman ③ method of, manner of, way of ④ care of .. ⑤ person in charge of .. ⑥ side (e.g. "on my mother's side")

⑤ 本当【ほんとう】 • truth, reality

⑤ 無い【ない】 • ① nonexistent, not being (there) ② unpossessed, unowned, not had ③ unique ④ indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility ⑤ (after the ren'youkei form of an adjective) not ... ⑥ (after the -te form of a verb) to not be..., to have not ...

⑤ 無くす【なくす】 • ① to lose something ② to get rid of ③ to lose someone (wife, child, etc.)

⑤ 鳴く【なく】 • ① to sing (bird) ② to bark, to purr, to make sound (animal)

⑤ 面白い【おもしろい】 • interesting, amusing

⑤ 遊ぶ【あそぶ】 • ① to play, to enjoy oneself, to have a good time ② to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.) ③ to be idle, to do nothing, to be unused ④ to go to (for pleasure or for study) ⑤ (in baseball) to intentionally throw a ball to lower the batter's concentration

⑤ 葉書【はがき】 • ① postcard ② memo, note, card

⑤ 留学生【りゅうがくせい】 • overseas student, exchange student

⑤ 緑【みどり】 • ① green ② greenery (esp. fresh verdure)

⑤ 練習【れんしゅう】 • practice, practise

⑤ 一昨日【おととい】 • day before yesterday

⑤ 一昨年【いっさくねん】 • year before last

⑤ 黄色【きいろ】 • yellow, amber

⑤ 昨日【きのう】 • yesterday

⑤ 真っ直ぐ【まっすぐ】 • ① straight (ahead), direct, upright, erect ② straightforward, honest, frank

⑤ 側【がわ】 • ① side (of something, or taking someone's side), part ② (watch) case

⑤ 弟【おとうと】 • younger brother

⑤ 両親【りょうしん】 • parents, both parents

⑤ 丸い【まるい】 • ① round, circular, spherical ② harmonious, calm

⑤ 本当に【ほんとうに】 • really, truly

⑤ 番【ばん】 • ① number (in a series) ② (one's) turn ③ watch, guard, lookout ④ bout, match (sumo)

⑤ お腹【おなか】 • stomach

⑤ 違う【ちがう】 • ① to differ (from), to vary ② to not be in the usual condition ③ to not match the correct (answer, etc.) ④ to be different from promised

⑤ 一緒【いっしょ】 • ① together ② at the same time ③ same, identical

⑤ 汚い【きたない】 • dirty, unclean, filthy

⑤ 奥さん【おくさん】 • wife, your wife, his wife, married lady, madam

⑤ 押す【おす】 • ① to push, to press ② to apply pressure from above, to press down ③ to stamp (i.e. a passport), to apply a seal

⑤ 果物【くだもの】 • fruit

⑤ 過ぎ【すぎ】 • ① past, after ② too (much), over (e.g. eating)

⑤ 皆さん【みなさん】 • all, everyone, everybody

⑤ 階段【かいだん】 • stairs, stairway, staircase

⑤ 覚える【おぼえる】 • ① to remember, to recollect, to memorize, to memorise ② to feel

⑤ 甘い【あまい】 • ① sweet, delicious ② fragrant (smelling), sweet (music) ③ lightly salted ④ naive, overly optimistic, soft on, generous, indulgent, easy-going ⑤ half-hearted, not finished properly ⑥ tempting (e.g. words), promising

⑤ 危ない【あぶない】 • ① dangerous, risky, hazardous, perilous, precarious ② in danger, in jeopardy, critical, grave, at risk ③ uncertain, unreliable, insecure, unsteady, doubtful ④ close (i.e. a close call), narrow ⑤ look out!, watch out!

⑤ 机【つくえ】 • desk

⑤ 喫茶店【きっさてん】 • coffee lounge, coffee shop, (rather formal) cafe

⑤ 吸う【すう】 • ① to smoke, to breathe in, to inhale ② to suck, to sip, to slurp ③ to absorb, to soak up ④ to kiss

⑤ 牛乳【ぎゅうにゅう】 • (cow's) milk

⑤ 狭い【せまい】 • narrow, confined, small

⑤ 靴【くつ】 • shoes, footwear

⑤ 靴下【くつした】 • socks, sock, stockings, stocking

⑤ 警官【けいかん】 • policeman

⑤ 結構【けっこう】 • ① splendid, nice, wonderful, delicious, sweet ② sufficient, fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"), (by implication) no thank you ③ well enough, OK, tolerable ④ reasonably, fairly, tolerably

⑤ 結婚【けっこん】 • marriage

⑤ 個【こ】 • ① counter for articles ② counter for military units ③ individual

⑤ 呼ぶ【よぶ】 • ① to call out (to), to call, to invoke ② to summon (a doctor, etc.) ③ to invite ④ to designate, to name, to brand ⑤ to garner (support, etc.), to gather

⑤ 厚い【あつい】 • ① thick, deep, heavy ② kind, cordial, hospitable, warm, faithful ③ serious (of an illness) ④ abundant

⑤ 紅茶【こうちゃ】 • black tea

⑤ 降る【ふる】 • to precipitate, to fall (e.g. rain)

⑤ 今晩【こんばん】 • tonight, this evening

⑤ 困る【こまる】 • to be troubled, to be worried, to be bothered, to be embarrassed, to be stumped

⑤ 座る【すわる】 • ① to sit, to squat ② to assume (a position) ③ to hold steady, to hold still

⑤ 財布【さいふ】 • purse, handbag, wallet

⑤ 咲く【さく】 • to bloom

⑤ 冊【さつ】 • counter for books

⑤ 雑誌【ざっし】 • journal, magazine, periodical

⑤ 子供【こども】 • child, children

⑤ 辞書【じしょ】 • dictionary, lexicon

⑤ 若い【わかい】 • young

⑤ 授業【じゅぎょう】 • lesson, class work

⑤ 初めて【はじめて】 • ① for the first time ② only after ... is it ..., only when ... do you ...

⑤ 寝る【ねる】 • ① to lie down ② to go to bed, to lie in bed ③ to sleep (lying down) ④ to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse) ⑤ to lie idle

⑤ 辛い【つらい】 • painful, bitter, heart-breaking

⑤ 吹く【ふく】 • ① to blow (wind, etc.), to play a wind instrument ② to emit, to spout ③ to whistle

⑤ 生徒【せいと】 • pupil

⑤ 静か【しずか】 • quiet, peaceful

⑤ 切符【きっぷ】 • ticket

⑤ 洗濯【せんたく】 • washing, laundry

⑤ 掃除【そうじ】 • cleaning, sweeping

⑤ 窓【まど】 • window

⑤ 大変【たいへん】 • ① very, greatly ② immense, enormous, great ③ serious, grave, dreadful, terrible ④ difficult, hard

⑤ 置く【おく】 • ① to put, to place ② to leave (behind) ③ to do something in advance (usu. following te-form verb)

⑤ 遅い【おそい】 • ① slow ② late (e.g. "late at night") ③ too late

⑤ 痛い【いたい】 • ① painful, sore ② exceeding

⑤ 閉まる【しまる】 • to be shut, to close, to be closed

⑤ 渡す【わたす】 • ① to ferry across (a river, etc.), to carry across, to traverse ② to lay across, to build across ③ to hand over, to hand in, to pass, to give, to transfer

⑤ 渡る【わたる】 • ① to cross over, to go across ② to extend, to cover, to range, to span

⑤ 難しい【むずかしい】 • difficult

⑤ 猫【ねこ】 • ① cat ② shamisen ③ geisha ④ wheelbarrow ⑤ clay bed-warmer

⑤ 熱い【あつい】 • hot (thing)

⑤ 薄い【うすい】 • ① thin ② pale, light ③ watery, dilute, sparse ④ weak (taste, etc.) ⑤ slim (probability, etc.), small

⑤ 晩【ばん】 • ① evening ② counter for nights

⑤ 彼【かれ】 • ① he, him ② boyfriend

⑤ 彼ら【かれら】 • they (usually male), them

⑤ 彼女【かのじょ】 • ① she, her ② girl friend, girlfriend, sweetheart

⑤ 疲れる【つかれる】 • ① to get tired, to tire ② to be worn out (e.g. of well used objects)

⑤ 飛行機【ひこうき】 • aeroplane, airplane, aircraft

⑤ 必要【ひつよう】 • ① necessary, needed, essential, indispensable ② necessity, need, requirement

⑤ 封筒【ふうとう】 • envelope

⑤ 並ぶ【ならぶ】 • ① to line up, to stand in a line ② to rival, to match, to equal

⑤ 並べる【ならべる】 • ① to line up, to set up ② to enumerate, to itemize

⑤ 閉める【しめる】 • to close, to shut

⑤ 便利【べんり】 • convenient, handy, useful

⑤ 帽子【ぼうし】 • hat, cap

⑤ 忘れる【わすれる】 • to forget, to leave carelessly, to be forgetful of, to forget about, to forget (an article)

⑤ 忙しい【いそがしい】 • busy, hectic, occupied, engaged

⑤ 磨く【みがく】 • ① to polish, to shine, to brush (e.g. teeth) ② to refine, to improve

⑤ 枚【まい】 • counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper)

⑤ 毎晩【まいばん】 • every night

⑤ 友達【ともだち】 • friend, companion

⑤ 要る【いる】 • to need

⑤ 欲しい【ほしい】 • ① wanted, wished for, in need of, desired ② (after the -te form of a verb) I want (you) to

⑤ 浴びる【あびる】 • to bathe, to bask in the sun, to shower

⑤ 頼む【たのむ】 • ① to request, to beg, to ask ② to call, to order, to reserve ③ to entrust to ④ to rely on

⑤ 卵【たまご】 • ① eggs, egg, spawn, roe ② hen egg ③ (an expert) in the making

⑤ 涼しい【すずしい】 • cool (of weather), refreshing

⑤ 冷たい【つめたい】 • ① cold (to the touch), chilly, icy, freezing ② coldhearted, unfeeling

⑤ 冷蔵庫【れいぞうこ】 • refrigerator

⑤ 塩【しお】 • salt

⑤ 可愛い【かわいい】 • ① cute, adorable, charming, lovely, pretty ② dear, precious, darling, pet ③ cute little, tiny

⑤ 居る【いる】 • ① to be (of animate objects), to exist ② to stay ③ (after the -te form of a verb) verb indicating continuing action or state (i.e. to be ..ing, to have been ..ing)

⑤ ころ • ① (approximate) time, around, about, toward ② suitable time (or condition) ③ time of year, season

⑤ ごろ • ① (approximate) time, around, about, toward ② suitable time (or condition) ③ time of year, season

⑤ いいえ • ① no, nay ② well, er, why

⑤ 匹【ひき】 • ① counter for small animals ② counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size) ③ roll of cloth

⑤ 余り【あまり】 • ① remainder, rest, balance, remains, scraps, residue, remnant ② not very (with negative sentence), not much ③ surplus, excess, fullness, too much ④ overjoyed, overwhelmed ⑤ more than, over

⑤ 暖かい【あたたかい】 • warm, mild, genial

⑤ 降りる【おりる】 • ① to alight (e.g. from bus), to get off, to disembark, to dismount ② to quit, to withdraw, to pull back (from a position, a job) ③ to form (of frost, dew, mist, etc.)

⑤ 交差点【こうさてん】 • crossing, intersection

⑤ 段々【だんだん】 • gradually, by degrees

⑤ 達【たち】 • pluralizing suffix (esp. for people & animals; formerly honorific)

⑤ 椅子【いす】 • ① chair ② post, office, position

⑤ 鉛筆【えんぴつ】 • pencil

⑤ 掛かる【かかる】 • ① to take ② to hang ③ to come into view, to arrive ④ to come under (a contract, a tax) ⑤ to start (engines, motors) ⑥ to attend, to deal with, to handle ⑦ to have started to, to be on the verge of ⑧ to overlap (e.g. information in a manual), to cover ⑨ to (come) at ⑩ to be fastened ⑪ to be covered (e.g. with dust, a table-cloth, etc.) ⑫ to be caught in ⑬ to get a call ⑭ to depend on

⑤ 鞄【かばん】 • bag, satchel, briefcase, basket

⑤ 幾ら【いくら】 • how much?, how many?

⑤ 貴方【あなた】 • ① you (referring to someone of equal or lower status) ② dear (what a wife calls a husband)

⑤ 鍵【かぎ】 • ① key ② lock

⑤ 玄関【げんかん】 • entranceway, entry hall, vestibule, foyer

⑤ 砂糖【さとう】 • sugar

⑤ 撮る【とる】 • to take (a photo), to make (a film)

⑤ 傘【かさ】 • umbrella, parasol

⑤ 大丈夫【だいじょうぶ】 • safe, all right, OK, okay

⑤ 沢山【たくさん】 • many, a lot, much

⑤ 脱ぐ【ぬぐ】 • to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.), to undress

⑤ 誰【だれ】 • who

⑤ 弾く【ひく】 • to play (piano, guitar)

⑤ 丁度【ちょうど】 • just, right, exactly

⑤ 貼る【はる】 • to stick, to paste, to affix

⑤ 締める【しめる】 • ① to tie, to fasten ② to total, to sum ③ to be strict with ④ to economize (economise), to cut down on

⑤ 賑やか【にぎやか】 • bustling, busy

⑤ 箸【はし】 • chopsticks

⑤ 風呂【ふろ】 • ① bath, bathtub ② bathroom, bathhouse ③ room for drying lacquerware ④ base (wooden joint connecting the blade of a hoe, spade, etc., to the handle)

⑤ 弁当【べんとう】 • bento (Japanese box lunch)

⑤ 僕【ぼく】 • ① I, me ② you (used addressing young children) ③ manservant

⑤ 殆ど【ほとんど】 • mostly, almost

⑤ 本棚【ほんだな】 • bookshelves, bookshelf, bookcase

⑤ 立派【りっぱ】 • splendid, fine, handsome, elegant, imposing, prominent, legal, legitimate

⑤ 隣【となり】 • neighbor (neighbour), next to (esp. living next door to)

⑤ なぜ • why, how

⑤ 暇【ひま】 • ① spare time, free time, leisure ② time off, day off, vacation, holiday, leave ③ quitting (one's job), firing someone, divorcing (one's spouse) ④ (of one's time) free, (of one's business) slow ⑤ leaving, departing

⑤ 眼鏡【めがね】 • ① spectacles, glasses ② judgement, discrimination, discernment, insight

⑤ 丈夫【じょうぶ】 • healthy, robust, strong, solid, durable

⑤ 風邪【かぜ】 • cold (illness), common cold

⑤ 嫌【いや】 • disagreeable, detestable, unpleasant, reluctant

⑤ 煙草【たばこ】 • tobacco, cigarettes

⑤ 良い【よい】 • ① good, excellent, fine, nice, pleasant, agreeable ② sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer), ready, prepared ③ profitable (e.g. deal, business offer, etc.), beneficial ④ OK

⑤ 叔父【おじ】 • uncle (younger than one's parent)

⑤ 叔母【おば】 • aunt (younger than one's parent)

⑤ 嫌がる【いやがる】 • to hate, to dislike

⑤ あそこ • ① there (place physically distant from both speaker and listener), over there, that place, yonder ② that far (something psychologically distant from both speaker and listener), that much, that point

⑤ あの • that (someone or something distant from both speaker and listener, or situation unfamiliar to both speaker and listener)

⑤ あれ • ① that (indicating something distant from both speaker and listener (in space, time or psychologically), or something understood without naming it directly) ② that person (used to refer to one's equals or inferiors) ③ hey (expression of surprise or suspicion), eh? ④ that (something mentioned before which is distant psychologically or in terms of time)

⑤ こちら • ① this way (direction close to the speaker or towards the speaker), this direction ② here (place close to the speaker or where the speaker is) ③ this one (something physically close to the speaker) ④ I, me ⑤ this person (someone physically close to the speaker and of equal or higher status)

⑤ こっち • ① this way (direction close to the speaker or towards the speaker), this direction ② here (place close to the speaker or where the speaker is) ③ this one (something physically close to the speaker) ④ I, me ⑤ this person (someone physically close to the speaker and of equal or higher status)

⑤ そして • and, and then, thus, and now

⑤ そちら • ① that way (direction distant from the speaker, close to the listener) ② there (place distant from the speaker, close to the listener) ③ that one (something close to the listener) ④ you, your family ⑤ that person (someone close to the listener)

⑤ そっち • ① that way (direction distant from the speaker, close to the listener) ② there (place distant from the speaker, close to the listener) ③ that one (something close to the listener) ④ you, your family ⑤ that person (someone close to the listener)

⑤ その • ① that (something or someone distant from the speaker, close to the listener; actions of the listener, or ideas expressed or understood by the listener), the ② um..., er..., uh...

⑤ それ • ① that (indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind), it ② that time, then

⑤ つまらない • ① dull, uninteresting, boring ② insignificant, trifling

⑤ とても • ① very, awfully, exceedingly ② (before a negative form) (not) at all, by no means, simply (cannot)

⑤ どう • how, in what way, how about

⑤ どっち • ① which way, which direction, where ② which one (esp. of two alternatives) ③ who

⑤ どれ • ① which (of three or more) ② whichever, any ③ well, now, let me see

⑤ やる • ① to do ② to have sexual intercourse ③ to kill ④ to give (to inferiors, animals, etc.) ⑤ to do for (inferiors) ⑥ to send (e.g. somebody somewhere), to dispatch (e.g. letter) (despatch) ⑦ to move (something to), to row (a boat) ⑧ (used in place of other verb) to have (eat, drink, smoke), to study, to run or operate (a restaurant)

⑤ する • ① to do ② to cause to become, to make (into), to turn (into) ③ to serve as, to act as, to work as ④ to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ⑤ to judge as being, to view as being, to think of as, to treat as, to use as ⑥ to decide on, to choose ⑦ to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ⑧ to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ⑨ to be worth, to cost ⑩ to pass (of time), to elapse ⑪ verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs") ⑫ creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go") ⑬ to be just about to, to be just starting to, to try to, to attempt to

⑤ ちょっと • ① just a minute, short time, just a little ② somewhat, easily, readily, rather ③ (before a verb in negative form) (will not) easily ④ hey!

⑤ いつも • ① always, usually, every time ② never (with neg. verb)

⑤ どちら • ① which way, which direction, where ② which one (esp. of two alternatives) ③ who

⑤ いくつ • ① how many? ② how old?

⑤ くれる • to give, to let one have, to do for one, to be given

⑤ ここ • ① here (place physically close to the speaker, place pointed by the speaker while explaining), this place ② these last (followed by a duration noun and a past sentence: time period before the present time of the speaker) ③ these next ... (followed by a duration noun and a non past sentence: time period after the present time of the speaker), the next ...

⑤ ある • ① to be (usu. of inanimate objects), to exist, to live ② to have ③ to be located ④ to be equipped with ⑤ to happen, to come about

⑤ こと • thing, matter, fact, circumstances, business, reason, experience

⑤ なる • ① to become, to get, to grow, to be, to reach, to attain ② to result in, to prove to be ③ to consist of, to be composed of ④ to succeed, to be complete ⑤ to change into, to be exchanged for ⑥ to play a role ⑦ to be promoted (shogi)

⑤ 石鹸【せっけん】 • soap

⑤ それでは • ① well then ... ② in that situation, in which case

⑤ どうして • why?, for what reason, how, in what way, for what purpose, what for

⑤ うるさい • ① noisy, loud ② fussy ③ annoying, troublesome, tiresome, importunate ④ bossy

⑤ あちら • ① that way (direction distant from both speaker and listener), over there, yonder ② that one (something physically distant from both speaker and listener, or something not visible but known by both speaker and listener), that ③ that person (someone physically distant from both speaker and listener, or someone not present but known by both speaker and listener) ④ there (place distant from both speaker and listener), over there, foreign country (esp. a Western nation)

⑤ あっち • ① that way (direction distant from both speaker and listener), over there, yonder ② that one (something physically distant from both speaker and listener, or something not visible but known by both speaker and listener), that ③ that person (someone physically distant from both speaker and listener, or someone not present but known by both speaker and listener) ④ there (place distant from both speaker and listener), over there, foreign country (esp. a Western nation)

⑤ まずい • ① unappetising, unappetizing, unpleasant (taste, appearance, situation) ② unskillful, unskilful, bungling, clumsy ③ ugly, homely, plain, unattractive ④ awkward, untimely, inopportune, unfavorable, unwise

⑤ また • again, and, also, still (doing something)

⑤ まだ • ① as yet, hitherto, still ② not yet (with negative verb)

⑤ もちろん • of course, certainly, naturally

⑤ どこ • ① where, what place ② how much (long, far), what extent

⑤ いかが • how, in what way, how about

⑤ この • this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker)

⑤ きれい • ① pretty, lovely, beautiful, fair ② clean, clear, pure, tidy, neat ③ completely, entirely

⑤ 醤油【しょうゆ】 • soy sauce, shoyu

⑤ よう • ① (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb) appearing ..., looking ... ② (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb) way to ..., method of ...ing ③ (usu. after a noun) form, style, design ④ (usu. after a noun) like, similar to ⑤ thing (thought or spoken)

⑤ つける • to turn on, to switch on, to light up

⑤ どの • which, what (way)

⑤ もう一度【もういちど】 • once more, again

⑤ そこ • ① there (place relatively near listener) ② there (place just mentioned), that place ③ then (of some incident just spoken of), that (of point just raised)

⑤ これ • ① this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic) ② this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group) ③ now

④ いらっしゃる • ① to come, to go, to be (somewhere) ② (after a -te form, or the particle "de") is (doing), are (doing)

④ うん • ① yeah, uh huh ② some (at the start of a number in place of a digit)

④ さっき • some time ago

④ すっかり • all, completely, thoroughly

④ ちゃん • suffix for familiar person

④ はっきり • clearly, plainly, distinctly

④ やっと • at last, at length

④ そろそろ • ① gradually, steadily, quietly, slowly ② soon, momentarily, before long, any time now

④ 上がる【あがる】 • ① to rise, to go up, to come up, to ascend, to be raised ② to enter (esp. from outdoors), to come in, to go in ③ to enter (a school), to advance to the next grade ④ to get out (of water), to come ashore ⑤ to increase ⑥ to improve, to make progress ⑦ to be promoted, to advance ⑧ to be made (of profit, etc.) ⑨ to occur (esp. of a favourable result) ⑩ to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.) ⑪ to be finished, to be done, to be over ⑫ (of rain) to stop, to lift ⑬ to stop (working properly), to cut out, to give out, to die ⑭ to win (in a card game, etc.) ⑮ to be arrested ⑯ to turn up (of evidence, etc.) ⑰ to be deep fried ⑱ to be spoken loudly ⑲ to get stage fright ⑳ to be offered (to the gods, etc.) ○ to go, to visit ○ to eat, to drink ○ to be listed (as a candidate) ○ to serve (in one's master's home) ○ (in Kyoto) to go north ○ (after the -masu stem of a verb) indicates completion

④ 日本【にっぽん】 • Japan

④ お子さん【おこさん】 • (someone else's) child

④ アルバイト • ① part-time job, side job ② albite

④ オートバイ • motorcycle

④ カーテン • curtain, curtains

④ ガソリン • gasoline, petrol

④ コンサート • concert

④ サンダル • sandal

④ サンドイッチ • sandwich

④ ジャム • jam

④ ステレオ • stereo

④ タイプ • ① type, kind, sort, style ② typewriter, typing

④ テキスト • ① text ② text book

④ ビル • ① building ② bill

④ プレゼント • ① present, gift ② to give a present or gift

④ ベル • ① bell ② bel, B

④ ママ • ① Mama ② female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)

④ 安心【あんしん】 • relief, peace of mind

④ 以下【いか】 • ① not exceeding, and downward, ... and below ② below (e.g. standard), under (e.g. a level) ③ the below-mentioned, the following, the rest

④ 以外【いがい】 • with the exception of, excepting

④ 以上【いじょう】 • ① not less than, ... and more, ... and upwards ② beyond ... (e.g. one's means), further (e.g. nothing further to say), more than ... (e.g. cannot pay more than that) ③ above-mentioned, foregoing ④ since ..., seeing that ... ⑤ this is all, that is the end, the end

④ 意見【いけん】 • opinion, view

④ 医学【いがく】 • medical science, medicine

④ 員【いん】 • member

④ 運ぶ【はこぶ】 • ① to carry, to transport, to move, to convey ② to come, to go ③ to wield (a tool, etc.), to use ④ to go (well, etc.), to proceed, to progress

④ 運転【うんてん】 • operation, motion, driving

④ 運動【うんどう】 • motion, exercise

④ 屋上【おくじょう】 • rooftop

④ 下げる【さげる】 • to hang, to lower, to move back, to wear, to dismiss, to grant

④ 下さる【くださる】 • to give, to confer

④ 下着【したぎ】 • underwear

④ 火【ひ】 • fire, flame, blaze

④ 火事【かじ】 • fire, conflagration

④ 花見【はなみ】 • cherry blossom viewing, flower viewing

④ 会【かい】 • ① meeting, assembly, party ② association, club

④ 会場【かいじょう】 • assembly hall, meeting place, the grounds

④ 会話【かいわ】 • conversation

④ 開く【ひらく】 • ① to open (e.g. a bank-account, festival, etc.) ② to spread out, to open up (flower bud, umbrella, etc.), to widen (gap, distance, width) ③ to hold, to give (party, conference, etc.)

④ 楽しみ【たのしみ】 • ① enjoyment, pleasure, diversion, amusement, hobby ② anticipation, looking forward to

④ 楽しむ【たのしむ】 • to enjoy oneself

④ 間に合う【まにあう】 • ① to be in time for ② to serve (suit, meet) the purpose, to be good enough, to be enough

④ 気【き】 • ① spirit, mind, heart ② nature, disposition ③ motivation, intention ④ mood, feelings ⑤ atmosphere, essence

④ 気分【きぶん】 • feeling, mood

④ 起こす【おこす】 • to raise, to cause, to wake someone

④ 急【きゅう】 • ① urgent, sudden, abrupt ② sharp, steep, precipitous ③ rapid, swift, fast ④ emergency, crisis ⑤ hurrying, haste ⑥ (in gagaku or noh) end of a song

④ 急ぐ【いそぐ】 • to hurry, to rush, to hasten, to make something happen sooner

④ 急行【きゅうこう】 • ① moving at high speed ② express (e.g. train that bypasses many stations)

④ 教会【きょうかい】 • church

④ 金持ち【かねもち】 • rich man

④ 空気【くうき】 • air, atmosphere

④ 計画【けいかく】 • plan, project, schedule, scheme, program, programme

④ 建てる【たてる】 • to build, to construct

④ 研究【けんきゅう】 • study, research, investigation

④ 見える【みえる】 • ① to be seen, to be in sight ② to look, to seem, to appear ③ to come

④ 見物【けんぶつ】 • sightseeing, sightseer, watching, watcher

④ 工業【こうぎょう】 • (manufacturing) industry

④ 校長【こうちょう】 • principal, headmaster

④ 高校【こうこう】 • senior high school

④ 高校生【こうこうせい】 • senior high school student

④ 合う【あう】 • ① to come together, to merge, to unite, to meet ② to fit, to match, to suit, to agree with, to be correct ③ to be profitable, to be equitable ④ (after the -masu stem of a verb) to do ... to each other, to do ... together

④ 今度【こんど】 • now, this time, next time, another time

④ 今夜【こんや】 • this evening, tonight

④ 始める【はじめる】 • ① to start, to begin, to commence, to initiate, to originate ② to open (e.g. a store), to start up, to establish (business. etc.) ③ to start (doing something), to begin to ...

④ 子【こ】 • ① child ② young (animal) ③ young woman, young geisha ④ offshoot ⑤ interest ⑥ new shares ⑦ (after a noun or -masu stem) -er (often of young women)

④ 思い出す【おもいだす】 • to recall, to remember

④ 上手い【うまい】 • ① skillful, clever, expert, wise, successful ② delicious, appetizing, appetising ③ fortunate, splendid, promising

④ 止む【やむ】 • to cease, to stop, to be over

④ 止める【とめる】 • ① to stop (something or someone), to turn off ② to concentrate on, to pay attention to ③ to remember, to bear in mind ④ to fix into place ⑤ to park, to leave somewhere for a time

④ 止める【やめる】 • to end, to stop, to cease, to resign

④ 試験【しけん】 • examination, test, study, trial, experiment

④ 試合【しあい】 • match, game, bout, contest

④ 字【じ】 • ① character (i.e. kanji) ② hand-writing, penmanship ③ the ... word (i.e. "the L word" = "love")

④ 時代【じだい】 • ① period, epoch, era, age ② the times, those days ③ oldness, ancientness, antiquity ④ antique, period piece

④ 社会【しゃかい】 • society, public

④ 社長【しゃちょう】 • company president, manager, director

④ 集める【あつめる】 • to collect, to assemble, to gather

④ 出発【しゅっぱつ】 • departure

④ 小学校【しょうがっこう】 • primary school, elementary school, grade school

④ 小説【しょうせつ】 • novel, (short) story

④ 小鳥【ことり】 • ① small bird, songbird ② birdie, dickeybird, dickybird

④ 少年【しょうねん】 • boys, juveniles

④ 場合【ばあい】 • case, situation

④ 食事【しょくじ】 • ① meal ② to eat

④ 親【おや】 • ① parent, parents ② dealer (in cards) ③ founder ④ (pet) owner

④ 親切【しんせつ】 • kindness, gentleness

④ 人口【じんこう】 • ① population ② common talk

④ 水道【すいどう】 • water service, water supply

④ 世界【せかい】 • the world, society, the universe

④ 世話【せわ】 • looking after, help, aid, assistance

④ 正しい【ただしい】 • right, just, correct, righteous, honest, truthful, proper, straightforward, perfect

④ 正月【しょうがつ】 • New Year, New Year's Day, the first month, January

④ 生きる【いきる】 • to live, to exist

④ 西洋【せいよう】 • the west, Western countries

④ 赤ちゃん【あかちゃん】 • baby, infant

④ 説明【せつめい】 • explanation, exposition

④ 送る【おくる】 • ① to send (a thing), to dispatch, to despatch ② to take or escort (a person somewhere), to see off (a person) ③ to bid farewell (to the departed), to bury ④ to spend (time), to live one's life ⑤ to pass (down the line) ⑥ to affix okurigana

④ 足す【たす】 • ① to add (numbers) ② to add (something), to top up (with something) ③ to take care of (e.g. one's business)

④ 足りる【たりる】 • ① to be sufficient, to be enough ② to be worth doing, to be worthy ③ to be sufficient, to answer, to do

④ 村【むら】 • village

④ 太る【ふとる】 • to grow fat (stout, plump), to become fat, to gain weight

④ 大学生【だいがくせい】 • university student, college student

④ 大事【だいじ】 • important, valuable, serious matter

④ 大体【だいたい】 • general, substantially, outline, main point, approximately, about

④ 知らせる【しらせる】 • to notify, to advise, to inform

④ 地理【ちり】 • geography

④ 着物【きもの】 • ① clothing, clothes ② kimono (or other trad. Japanese clothing)

④ 中学校【ちゅうがっこう】 • junior high school, middle school, lower secondary school

④ 昼休み【ひるやすみ】 • lunch break, noon recess, noon rest period

④ 注意【ちゅうい】 • caution, being careful, attention (heed), warning, advice

④ 通う【かよう】 • ① to go back and forth, to ply between ② to commute, to attend (school, church, etc.)

④ 通り【とおり】 • avenue, street, way

④ 通る【とおる】 • to pass (by), to go through, to walk along, to pass exams, to attend (e.g. school)

④ 店員【てんいん】 • shop assistant, employee, clerk, salesperson

④ 都合【つごう】 • circumstances, condition, convenience

④ 答え【こたえ】 • response, reply, answer, solution

④ 動く【うごく】 • ① to move, to stir, to shift, to shake, to swing ② to operate, to run, to go, to work ③ to be touched, to be influenced ④ to change, to vary, to fluctuate, to waver ⑤ certain, factual ⑥ to be transferred

④ 特に【とくに】 • particularly, especially

④ 特別【とくべつ】 • special

④ 入院【にゅういん】 • hospitalization, hospitalisation

④ 入学【にゅうがく】 • entry to school or university, matriculation

④ 発音【はつおん】 • pronunciation

④ 品物【しなもの】 • goods, article, thing

④ 不便【ふべん】 • inconvenience, inexpediency, unhandiness

④ 文学【ぶんがく】 • literature

④ 別【べつ】 • distinction, difference, different, another, particular, separate, extra, exception

④ 別に【べつに】 • ① (not) particularly, nothing ② separately, apart

④ 用【よう】 • ① task, business ② use, duty, service ③ call of nature, excretion

④ 用意【ようい】 • preparation

④ 用事【ようじ】 • tasks, things to do, errand, business (to take care of), affairs, engagement

④ 立てる【たてる】 • ① to stand (something) up, to erect (something) ② to make (a noise, a sound) ③ to put (tooth, claw, pointed object) to ④ to set (a plan, etc.), to decide (objective, schedule)

④ 旅館【りょかん】 • Japanese hotel, inn, ryokan

④ 工場【こうじょう】 • factory, plant, mill, workshop

④ 行く【ゆく】 • ① to go ② to proceed, to take place ③ to die, to pass away ④ to continue

④ 昼間【ひるま】 • daytime, during the day

④ 夕飯【ゆうはん】 • evening meal

④ 空く【あく】 • ① to be empty ② to be vacant, to be available, to be free

④ 写す【うつす】 • ① to transcribe, to duplicate, to reproduce, to imitate, to trace ② to describe ③ to film, to picture, to photograph

④ 売り場【うりば】 • place where things are sold, point of sale, POS, sales floor, counter (in shop)

④ 行う【おこなう】 • to perform, to do, to conduct oneself, to carry out

④ 下りる【おりる】 • ① to descend (e.g. a mountain), to climb down, to go down, to come down ② to be granted, to be issued, to be given ③ to be discharged, to be passed (from the body; i.e. of a roundworm)

④ 代わり【かわり】 • ① substitute, deputy, proxy, alternate, relief, compensation, second helping ② in place of, as a substitute for

④ 聞こえる【きこえる】 • ① to be heard, to be audible ② to be said to be, to be reputed

④ 気持ち【きもち】 • feeling, sensation, mood

④ 仕方【しかた】 • way, method, means, resource, course

④ 台風【たいふう】 • typhoon, hurricane

④ 乗り物【のりもの】 • vehicle

④ 引き出し【ひきだし】 • ① drawer ② withdrawal, drawing out

④ 引き出す【ひきだす】 • to pull out, to take out, to draw out, to withdraw

④ 回る【まわる】 • ① to turn, to revolve ② to visit several places ③ to function well ④ to pass a certain time

④ 真ん中【まんなか】 • middle, centre, center, mid-way

④ 見つかる【みつかる】 • to be found, to be discovered

④ 見つける【みつける】 • ① to discover, to find (e.g. an error in a book), to come across, to detect ② to locate, to find (e.g. something missing), to find fault ③ to be used to seeing, to be familiar with

④ 別れる【わかれる】 • to be divided, to part from, to separate, to bid farewell

④ 代【だい】 • ① charge, cost, price ② generation, age, reign ③ (geological) era ④ (after someone's name or title) a representative of, on behalf of, for (someone) ⑤ used after a phone number to indicate that it is a switchboard number ⑥ counter for decades of ages, eras, etc. ⑦ counter for generations (of inheritors to a throne, etc.) ⑧ proxy application company

④ 安全【あんぜん】 • ① safety ② security

④ 以内【いない】 • within, inside of, less than

④ 育てる【そだてる】 • to raise, to rear, to bring up

④ 雲【くも】 • cloud

④ 下宿【げしゅく】 • boarding, lodging, boarding house

④ 家内【かない】 • ① (my) wife ② inside the home, one's family

④ 科学【かがく】 • science

④ 海岸【かいがん】 • coast, beach

④ 学部【がくぶ】 • ① department of a university ② undergraduate (course, program, etc.)

④ 客【きゃく】 • ① guest, visitor ② customer, client, shopper, spectator, audience, tourist, sightseer, passenger

④ 泣く【なく】 • to cry, to weep, to sob, to howl

④ 教育【きょういく】 • training, education

④ 近所【きんじょ】 • neighbourhood, neighborhood

④ 苦い【にがい】 • bitter

④ 空港【くうこう】 • airport

④ 君【くん】 • Mr (junior), master, boy

④ 決して【けっして】 • never, by no means, decidedly, indisputably

④ 決める【きめる】 • to decide

④ 血【ち】 • blood, consanguinity

④ 湖【みずうみ】 • lake

④ お礼【おれい】 • thanking, expression of gratitude

④ 交通【こうつう】 • communication, transportation, traffic, intercourse

④ 光る【ひかる】 • to shine, to glitter, to be bright

④ 港【みなと】 • harbour, harbor, port

④ 細かい【こまかい】 • ① small ② fine, minute ③ minor, trivial ④ sensitive, attentive

④ 参る【まいる】 • ① to go, to come, to call ② to be defeated, to collapse, to die ③ to be annoyed, to be nonplussed ④ to be madly in love ⑤ to visit (shrine, grave)

④ 残る【のこる】 • to remain, to be left

④ 市【し】 • city

④ 指【ゆび】 • finger, toe, digit

④ 糸【いと】 • thread, yarn, string

④ 歯医者【はいしゃ】 • dentist

④ 寺【てら】 • temple (Buddhist)

④ 自由【じゆう】 • freedom, liberty, as it pleases you

④ 手伝う【てつだう】 • to help, to assist, to take part in

④ 受ける【うける】 • ① to receive, to accept, to get, to inherit ② to catch (e.g. a ball), to parry (e.g. a blow), to take (lesson, test, damage), to sustain (damage), to incur (loss) ③ to become popular, to be well-received, to go down well

④ 拾う【ひろう】 • to pick up, to find, to gather

④ 住所【じゅうしょ】 • address (e.g. of house), residence, domicile

④ 勝つ【かつ】 • to win, to gain victory

④ 焼く【やく】 • ① to bake, to grill ② to develop (photos) ③ to suntan ④ to burn (in flames, down, CD, DVD, etc.), to scorch ⑤ to be jealous, to be envious

④ 焼ける【やける】 • ① to burn, to be roasted, to be heated, to be sunburnt, to fade (in the sun), to glow red (i.e. of the sky at sunset) ② to be jealous, to be envious

④ 場所【ばしょ】 • ① place, location, spot, position ② room, space ③ basho (sumo wrestling tournament)

④ 植える【うえる】 • to plant, to grow

④ 心配【しんぱい】 • ① worry, concern, anxiety ② care, help, aid, assistance

④ 森【もり】 • ① forest ② shrine grove

④ 深い【ふかい】 • deep, profound, thick, close

④ 申し上げる【もうしあげる】 • ① to say, to tell, to state ② to do for

④ 申す【もうす】 • to be called, to say

④ 真面目【まじめ】 • diligent, serious, honest, sober, grave, earnest, steady

④ 神社【じんじゃ】 • Shinto shrine

④ 進む【すすむ】 • ① to advance, to go forward ② to precede, to go ahead (of) ③ to make progress, to improve ④ to deepen, to heighten ⑤ to do of one's own free will

④ 人形【にんぎょう】 • doll, puppet, figure

④ 水泳【すいえい】 • swimming

④ 数学【すうがく】 • mathematics, arithmetic

④ 星【ほし】 • ① star, any light-emitting (or reflecting) heavenly body (except for the sun and the moon) ② suspect (police slang)

④ 生活【せいかつ】 • living, life (one's daily existence), livelihood

④ 製【せい】 • -made, make

④ 昔【むかし】 • olden days, former

④ 石【いし】 • ① stone ② gem, jewel

④ 線【せん】 • line (also telephone, railway), wire, beam

④ 全然【ぜんぜん】 • ① not at all (with neg. verb) ② wholly, entirely, completely

④ 相談【そうだん】 • consultation, discussion

④ 草【くさ】 • grass

④ 息子【むすこ】 • son

④ 打つ【うつ】 • ① to hit (something inanimate), to strike, to beat (on something) ② to type, to tap (e.g. a key) ③ to inject ④ to indulge in gambling ⑤ to visit (on a pilgrimage)

④ 虫【むし】 • insect, bug, cricket, moth, worm

④ 調べる【しらべる】 • to examine, to investigate, to check up, to sense, to study, to inquire, to search

④ 点【てん】 • ① spot, mark ② point, dot ③ mark (e.g. in exam), score, points ④ counter for goods or items

④ 伝える【つたえる】 • to convey, to report, to transmit, to communicate, to tell, to impart, to propagate, to teach, to bequeath

④ 島【しま】 • ① island ② territory (of a prostitute, organized crime gang, etc.), turf

④ 投げる【なげる】 • ① to throw, to cast away ② to face defeat, to give up

④ 湯【ゆ】 • ① hot water ② hot bath, hot spring

④ 道具【どうぐ】 • implement, tool, means

④ 日記【にっき】 • diary, journal

④ 倍【ばい】 • ① twice, double ② times, -fold

④ 反対【はんたい】 • opposition, resistance, antagonism, hostility, contrast, objection, dissension, reverse, opposite, vice versa

④ 番組【ばんぐみ】 • program (e.g. TV), programme

④ 悲しい【かなしい】 • sad, sorrowful

④ 飛行場【ひこうじょう】 • airfield, airport

④ 美しい【うつくしい】 • beautiful, lovely

④ 美術館【びじゅつかん】 • art gallery, art museum

④ 負ける【まける】 • to lose, to be defeated

④ 部長【ぶちょう】 • ① head (chief, director) of a section or department ② head of a (school) club, head of a (school) team

④ 文化【ぶんか】 • ① culture, civilization, civilisation ② Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)

④ 返事【へんじ】 • reply, answer, response

④ 放送【ほうそう】 • broadcast, broadcasting

④ 貿易【ぼうえき】 • trade (foreign)

④ 無くなる【なくなる】 • to disappear, to get lost

④ 無理【むり】 • unreasonable, impossible, overdoing

④ 鳴る【なる】 • to sound, to ring, to resound, to echo, to roar, to rumble

④ 毛【け】 • hair, fur

④ 役に立つ【やくにたつ】 • to be helpful, to be useful

④ 遊び【あそび】 • ① playing ② play (margin between on and off, gap before pressing button or lever has an effect)

④ 予習【よしゅう】 • preparation for a lesson

④ 予定【よてい】 • plans, arrangement, schedule, program, programme, expectation, estimate

④ 様【さま】 • ① Mr, Mrs or Ms ② used (gen. in fixed expressions) to make words more polite ③ manner, kind, appearance

④ 葉【は】 • leaf

④ 落ちる【おちる】 • ① to fall down, to drop ② to fail (e.g. exam) ③ to crash, to degenerate, to degrade ④ to fade, to come out (e.g. a stain)

④ 理由【りゆう】 • reason, pretext, motive

④ 留守【るす】 • ① absence, being away from home ② house-sitting, house-sitter ③ being left unattended to (of one's studies, etc.), neglecting

④ 両方【りょうほう】 • both sides, both parties

④ 例えば【たとえば】 • for example, e.g.

④ 礼【れい】 • thanking, expression of gratitude

④ 選ぶ【えらぶ】 • to choose, to select

④ 決まる【きまる】 • ① to be decided, to be settled ② to look good in (clothes)

④ 具合【ぐあい】 • condition, state, manner, health

④ 全て【すべて】 • all, the whole, entirely, in general, wholly, overall

④ 確か【たしか】 • ① certain, sure, definite ② if I'm not mistaken, if I remember correctly

④ 直す【なおす】 • ① to cure, to heal ② to fix, to correct, to repair ③ to do over again (after -masu base of verb) ④ to replace, to put back as it was ⑤ to convert (into a different state), to transform

④ 直る【なおる】 • to get mended, to be repaired, to be fixed

④ 祭り【まつり】 • festival, feast

④ お祭り【おまつり】 • festival, feast

④ 向かう【むかう】 • ① to face ② to go towards

④ 島【とう】 • island (in placenames)

④ 案内【あんない】 • ① information, guidance, leading ② to guide, to show (around), to conduct

④ 移る【うつる】 • ① to move (house), to transfer (department) ② to change the target of interest or concern ③ to elapse (passage of time) ④ to be permeated by a colour or scent ⑤ to be infected, to be contagious, to spread (as in fire)

④ 引っ越す【ひっこす】 • to move (house), to change residence

④ 汚れる【よごれる】 • ① to get dirty, to become dirty ② to become sullied

④ 億【おく】 • 10^8, 100,000,000, hundred million

④ 課長【かちょう】 • section manager, section chief

④ 過ぎる【すぎる】 • ① to pass through, to pass by, to go beyond ② to pass (i.e. of time), to elapse ③ to have expired, to have ended, to be over ④ to exceed, to surpass, to be above ⑤ to be no more than ... ⑥ (often used after adjective stems or the -masu stems of verbs) to be excessive, to be too much, to be too ...

④ 会議【かいぎ】 • meeting, conference, session, assembly, council, convention, congress

④ 掛ける【かける】 • ① to hang (e.g. picture), to hoist (e.g. sail), to raise (e.g. flag) ② to sit ③ to be partway (verb), to begin (but not complete) ④ to take (time, money), to expend (money, time, etc.) ⑤ to make (a call) ⑥ to multiply ⑦ to secure (e.g. lock) ⑧ to put on (glasses, etc.) ⑨ to cover ⑩ to burden someone ⑪ to apply (insurance) ⑫ to turn on (an engine, etc.), to set (a dial, an alarm clock, etc.) ⑬ to put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on ⑭ to hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.) ⑮ to bind ⑯ to pour (or sprinkle, spray, etc.) onto ⑰ to argue (in court), to deliberate (in a meeting), to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.) ⑱ to increase further ⑲ to catch (in a trap, etc.) ⑳ to set atop ○ to erect (a makeshift building) ○ to hold (a play, festival, etc.) ○ (after -masu stem of verb) indicates (verb) is being directed to (someone)

④ 割れる【われる】 • ① to break, to be smashed ② to split, to crack, to fissure, to be torn ③ to be divided, to cleave ④ to come to light

④ 乾く【かわく】 • to get dry

④ 慣れる【なれる】 • ① to grow accustomed to, to get too familiar with ② to become domesticated, to become tame

④ 簡単【かんたん】 • simple

④ 間違える【まちがえる】 • ① to make a mistake (in), to commit an error (e.g. in calculation) ② to confuse, to mistake something for something else

④ 関係【かんけい】 • relation, connection

④ 危険【きけん】 • ① danger, peril, hazard ② dangerous, hazardous

④ 喜ぶ【よろこぶ】 • ① to be delighted, to be glad, to be pleased ② to congratulate ③ to gratefully accept

④ 寄る【よる】 • to visit, to drop in, to approach

④ 機会【きかい】 • chance, opportunity

④ 機械【きかい】 • ① machine, mechanism ② instrument, appliance, apparatus

④ 祈る【いのる】 • to pray, to wish

④ 季節【きせつ】 • season

④ 規則【きそく】 • rules, regulations, conventions

④ 技術【ぎじゅつ】 • art, craft, technique, technology, engineering, skill

④ 久しぶり【ひさしぶり】 • a long time (since the last time), it's been a while (since I last saw, mailed, etc., you)

④ 競争【きょうそう】 • ① competition, contest ② to compete

④ 隅【すみ】 • corner, nook, recess

④ 景色【けしき】 • scenery, scene, landscape

④ 経験【けいけん】 • experience

④ 経済【けいざい】 • economics, business, finance, economy

④ 警察【けいさつ】 • police

④ 迎える【むかえる】 • ① to go out to meet ② to receive, to welcome ③ to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family) ④ to call for, to summon, to invite ⑤ to approach (a certain time, a point in one's life, etc.)

④ 固い【かたい】 • ① hard, solid, tough ② stiff, tight, wooden, unpolished (e.g. writing) ③ strong, firm (not viscous or easily moved) ④ safe, steady, honest, steadfast ⑤ obstinate, stubborn ⑥ bookish, formal, stuffy

④ 原因【げんいん】 • cause, origin, source

④ 講堂【こうどう】 • auditorium

④ 郊外【こうがい】 • suburb, outskirts

④ 国際【こくさい】 • international

④ 差し上げる【さしあげる】 • ① to give, to offer ② to lift up, to hold up, to raise

④ 砂【すな】 • sand, grit

④ 最近【さいきん】 • latest, most recent, nowadays

④ 最後【さいご】 • ① last, end, conclusion ② (after -tara form or -ta form followed by "ga") no sooner than, right after (often having negative consequences)

④ 最初【さいしょ】 • beginning, outset, first, onset

④ 妻【つま】 • ① wife ② garnish (esp. one served with sashimi) ③ embellishment

④ 済む【すむ】 • ① to finish, to end, to be completed ② to merely result in something less severe than expected ③ to feel at ease ④ (neg) to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone, to be sorry

④ 産業【さんぎょう】 • industry

④ 残念【ざんねん】 • deplorable, bad luck, regret, disappointment

④ 市民【しみん】 • citizen, townspeople

④ 指輪【ゆびわ】 • (finger) ring

④ 支度【したく】 • preparation, arrangements

④ 枝【えだ】 • branch, bow, bough, twig, limb

④ 事故【じこ】 • ① accident, incident, trouble ② circumstances, reasons

④ 事務所【じむしょ】 • office

④ 似る【にる】 • to resemble, to be similar

④ 失敗【しっぱい】 • failure, mistake, blunder

④ 失礼【しつれい】 • ① discourtesy, impoliteness ② Excuse me, Goodbye ③ to leave ④ to be rude

④ 捨てる【すてる】 • to throw away, to cast aside, to abandon, to resign, to break up with (someone)

④ 取り替える【とりかえる】 • to exchange, to replace

④ 手袋【てぶくろ】 • glove, mitten, mitt

④ 習慣【しゅうかん】 • custom, habit, manners

④ 柔道【じゅうどう】 • judo

④ 準備【じゅんび】 • preparation, setup, arrangements, provision, reserve

④ 女性【じょせい】 • ① woman, female ② feminine gender

④ 将来【しょうらい】 • future (usually near), prospects

④ 承知【しょうち】 • ① acknowledgment, acknowledgement, awareness ② consent, acceptance, assent, admitting, compliance, agreement

④ 招待【しょうたい】 • invitation

④ 笑う【わらう】 • ① to laugh ② to smile ③ to sneer, to ridicule

④ 紹介【しょうかい】 • introduction, referral

④ 畳【たたみ】 • tatami mat (Japanese straw floor coverings)

④ 触る【さわる】 • to touch, to feel

④ 政治【せいじ】 • politics, government

④ 席【せき】 • ① seat ② location (of a gathering, etc.), place ③ position, post

④ 赤ん坊【あかんぼう】 • baby

④ 折る【おる】 • to break, to fold, to pick flowers

④ 折れる【おれる】 • to break, to be folded, to give in, to turn (a corner)

④ 専門【せんもん】 • speciality, specialty, subject of study, expert

④ 戦争【せんそう】 • war

④ 祖父【そふ】 • ① grandfather ② old man ③ kyogen mask used for the role of an old man

④ 祖母【そぼ】 • grandmother

④ 続く【つづく】 • ① to continue, to last, to go on ② to be unbroken ③ to occur again and again ④ to lead to, to connect to

④ 続ける【つづける】 • to continue, to keep up, to keep on

④ 卒業【そつぎょう】 • graduation, completion (e.g. of a course)

④ 男性【だんせい】 • ① man, male ② masculine gender

④ 地震【じしん】 • earthquake

④ 恥ずかしい【はずかしい】 • shy, ashamed, embarrassed

④ 珍しい【めずらしい】 • ① unusual, rare, curious ② new, novel ③ fine (e.g. gift)

④ 程【ほど】 • ① degree, extent, bounds, limit ② indicates approx. amount or maximum, upper limit

④ 適当【てきとう】 • ① suitable, adequate, relevant, appropriate, fit ② random, halfhearted, on the spot, whatever works

④ 電灯【でんとう】 • electric light

④ 電報【でんぽう】 • telegram

④ 塗る【ぬる】 • to paint, to plaster, to lacquer, to varnish, to spread, to smear

④ 土産【みやげ】 • present, souvenir

④ 怒る【おこる】 • ① to get angry, to get mad ② to tell someone off, to scold ③ to be angular, to be square

④ 倒れる【たおれる】 • ① to fall, to collapse, to drop, to fall senseless ② to be forced to bed (by illness, etc.) ③ to die ④ to go bankrupt, to be ruined, to have a bad debt ⑤ to be defeated (in a game) ⑥ to fall (of governments, dictators, etc.)

④ 盗む【ぬすむ】 • to steal

④ 逃げる【にげる】 • to escape, to run away

④ 届ける【とどける】 • to deliver, to forward, to send, to report, to file notice (to the authorities)

④ 曇る【くもる】 • to become cloudy, to become dim

④ 熱【ねつ】 • fever, temperature

④ 背中【せなか】 • back (of body)

④ 泊まる【とまる】 • ① to stay at (e.g. hotel) ② to be docked, to be berthed, to be moored

④ 髪【かみ】 • hair (on the head)

④ 比べる【くらべる】 • ① to compare, to make a comparison ② to compete, to vie

④ 必ず【かならず】 • always, without exception, necessarily, certainly, without fail, positively, invariably

④ 付く【つく】 • ① to be attached, to be connected with, to adhere, to stick, to cling ② to remain imprinted, to scar, to stain, to dye ③ to bear (fruit, interest, etc.) ④ to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.), to increase (of strength, etc.) ⑤ to take root ⑥ to accompany, to attend, to follow, to study with ⑦ to side with, to belong to ⑧ to possess, to haunt ⑨ to be lit, to be lighted ⑩ to be settled, to be resolved, to be decided ⑪ to be given (of a name, price, etc.) ⑫ to be sensed, to be perceived ⑬ to be lucky ⑭ (after -masu stems, onomatopoeic and mimetic words) to become (a state, condition, etc.)

④ 夫【おっと】 • husband

④ 布団【ふとん】 • ① futon (quilted Japanese-style mattress laid out on the floor) ② round cushion used for Zen meditation (traditionally made of woven bulrush leaves)

④ 普通【ふつう】 • ① general, ordinary, usual ② normally, generally, usually ③ train that stops at every station

④ 復習【ふくしゅう】 • review, revision

④ 複雑【ふくざつ】 • complex, complicated

④ 払う【はらう】 • ① to pay ② to brush, to wipe

④ 仏教【ぶっきょう】 • Buddhism

④ 文法【ぶんぽう】 • grammar, syntax

④ 壁【かべ】 • ① wall, barrier ② Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

④ 変【へん】 • ① strange, odd, peculiar, weird, curious, queer, eccentric, funny, suspicious, fishy ② unexpected ③ change ④ incident, disturbance, disaster, accident ⑤ flat (music)

④ 変える【かえる】 • to change, to alter, to vary, to convert, to revise, to amend, to transform

④ 変わる【かわる】 • to change, to be transformed, to vary, to be revised, to be different, to move location

④ 片付ける【かたづける】 • ① to tidy up, to put in order, to straighten up, to put away ② to settle (problem), to clear (dispute) ③ to finish, to bring something to an end ④ to marry off (e.g. a daughter) ⑤ to do away with someone, to bump someone off

④ 暮れる【くれる】 • to get dark, to end, to come to an end, to close, to run out

④ 法律【ほうりつ】 • law

④ 訪ねる【たずねる】 • to visit

④ 亡くなる【なくなる】 • to die

④ 眠い【ねむい】 • sleepy, drowsy, somnolent

④ 眠る【ねむる】 • ① to sleep (not necessarily lying down) ② to die

④ 夢【ゆめ】 • dream

④ 娘【むすめ】 • ① (my) daughter ② girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)

④ 戻る【もどる】 • to turn back, to return, to go back, to recover, to rebound

④ 約束【やくそく】 • ① arrangement, promise, appointment, pact, engagement ② convention, rule

④ 踊る【おどる】 • to dance (orig. a hopping dance)

④ 輸出【ゆしゅつ】 • ① export ② efferent (medical)

④ 優しい【やさしい】 • tender, kind, gentle, graceful, affectionate, amiable, suave

④ 予約【よやく】 • ① reservation, appointment, booking, advance order ② contract, subscription, pledge

④ 踊り【おどり】 • dance

④ 利用【りよう】 • use, utilization, utilisation, application

④ 裏【うら】 • ① bottom (or another side that is hidden from view), undersurface, opposite side, reverse side ② rear, back, behind (the house) ③ lining, inside ④ out of sight, behind the scenes ⑤ proof ⑥ opposite (of a prediction, common sense, etc.) ⑦ inverse (of a hypothesis, etc.) ⑧ bottom (of an inning), last half (of an inning)

④ 冷える【ひえる】 • to grow cold, to get chilly, to cool down

④ 歴史【れきし】 • history

④ 連れる【つれる】 • to lead, to take (a person)

④ 連絡【れんらく】 • ① to contact, to get in touch ② contacting, getting in touch, communication, call, message ③ connection, coordination, junction ④ intercalary, intercalaris, internuncial

④ 腕【うで】 • ① arm ② skill

④ 途中【とちゅう】 • ① on the way, en route ② in the middle of, midway

④ 包む【つつむ】 • ① to wrap up, to tuck in, to pack, to do up, to cover with, to dress in ② to conceal, to hide, to be engulfed in, to be enveloped by

④ 頂く【いただく】 • ① to receive, to get, to accept, to take, to buy ② to eat, to drink ③ to be crowned with, to wear (on one's head), to have (on top) ④ to have (as one's leader), to live under (a ruler), to install (a president)

④ 受付【うけつけ】 • reception (desk), information desk

④ 贈り物【おくりもの】 • present, gift

④ 遅れる【おくれる】 • to be late, to be delayed, to fall behind schedule, to be overdue

④ 格好【かっこう】 • ① shape, form, posture, appearance, manner ② suitability, moderateness (in price)

④ 込む【こむ】 • ① to be crowded, to be packed ② to be complex ③ to go into, to put into, to remain (seated), to be plunged into (silence), to do thoroughly ④ to do intently ⑤ to continue in the same state

④ 怖い【こわい】 • ① scary, frightening, eerie, dreadful ② (I'm) afraid

④ ご存じ【ごぞんじ】 • ① knowing ② (an) acquaintance

④ 探す【さがす】 • to search (for something desired, needed), to look for

④ 捕まえる【つかまえる】 • to catch, to arrest, to seize

④ 泥棒【どろぼう】 • thief, burglar, robber, theft

④ 治る【なおる】 • to be cured, to get well, to be healed

④ 値段【ねだん】 • price, cost

④ 乗り換える【のりかえる】 • to transfer (trains), to change (bus, train)

④ 増える【ふえる】 • to increase, to multiply

④ 舟【ふね】 • ① ship, boat, watercraft, vessel, steamship ② tank, tub, vat, trough ③ counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)

④ 周り【まわり】 • ① circumference, perimeter, edge ② surroundings, locality, neighborhood ③ rotation, circulation

④ 見舞い【みまい】 • ① visiting ill or distressed people, writing get-well letters ② get-well gifts, get-well letters ③ expression of sympathy, expression of concern, enquiry, inquiry

④ 柔らかい【やわらかい】 • soft, tender, limp

④ 沸く【わく】 • to grow hot (of water, etc.), to boil

④ 割合【わりあい】 • ① rate, ratio, percentage, proportion ② comparatively ③ contrary to expectations

④ お祝い【おいわい】 • congratulation, congratulations, celebration, festival, congratulatory gift

④ お嬢さん【おじょうさん】 • ① daughter ② young lady

④ 挨拶【あいさつ】 • ① greeting, greetings, salutation, salute ② speech (congratulatory or appreciative), address ③ reply, response ④ a fine thing to say (used as part of a sarcastic response to a rude remark) ⑤ (orig. meaning) dialoging (with another Zen practitioner to ascertain their level of enlightenment)

④ 為【ため】 • ① good, advantage, benefit, welfare ② sake, purpose, objective, aim ③ consequence, result, effect ④ affecting, regarding, concerning

④ 一生懸命【いっしょうけんめい】 • very hard, with utmost effort, with all one's might, for dear life

④ 嘘【うそ】 • lie, falsehood, incorrect fact

④ 壊す【こわす】 • ① to break, to destroy, to demolish ② to wreck, to ruin, to spoil, to damage ③ to break (a bill, etc.)

④ 壊れる【こわれる】 • ① to be broken, to break ② to fall through, to come to nothing

④ 滑る【すべる】 • ① to glide, to slide (e.g. on skis), to slip ② to bomb (when telling a joke)

④ 噛む【かむ】 • ① to bite, to chew, to gnaw ② to fumble or falter with one's words

④ 頑張る【がんばる】 • to persist, to insist on, to stand firm, to try one's best

④ 嬉しい【うれしい】 • happy, glad, pleasant

④ 汽車【きしゃ】 • train (steam)

④ 宜しい【よろしい】 • good, OK, all right, fine, very well, will do, may, can

④ 興味【きょうみ】 • interest (in something)

④ 驚く【おどろく】 • to be surprised, to be astonished

④ 喧嘩【けんか】 • quarrel, brawl, fight, squabble, scuffle

④ 絹【きぬ】 • silk

④ 厳しい【きびしい】 • ① severe, strict, rigid, unsparing, relentless ② stern, austere, grave, solemn, majestic ③ intense (cold)

④ 故障【こしょう】 • break-down, failure, fault, accident, out of order

④ 講義【こうぎ】 • lecture

④ 謝る【あやまる】 • to apologize, to apologise

④ 邪魔【じゃま】 • hindrance, intrusion

④ 趣味【しゅみ】 • hobby, tastes, preference

④ 飾る【かざる】 • to decorate, to ornament, to adorn

④ 尋ねる【たずねる】 • ① to ask, to enquire, to inquire ② to search, to look for, to look into, to investigate

④ 随分【ずいぶん】 • ① very, extremely, surprisingly, considerably ② contemptible, reprehensible

④ 是非【ぜひ】 • ① certainly, without fail ② right and wrong, pros and cons

④ 盛ん【さかん】 • ① popular ② prosperous ③ enthusiastic ④ energetic, vigorous

④ 先輩【せんぱい】 • senior (at work or school), superior, elder, older graduate, progenitor, old-timer

④ 素晴らしい【すばらしい】 • wonderful, splendid, magnificent

④ 騒ぐ【さわぐ】 • ① to make noise, to make racket, to be noisy ② to rustle, to swoosh ③ to make merry ④ to clamor, to clamour, to make a fuss, to kick up a fuss ⑤ to lose one's cool, to panic, to act flustered ⑥ to feel tense, to be uneasy, to be excited

④ 駄目【だめ】 • useless, no good, hopeless

④ 棚【たな】 • ① shelf, shelves, ledge, rack ② trellis

④ 暖房【だんぼう】 • heating

④ 致す【いたす】 • to do

④ 注射【ちゅうしゃ】 • injection

④ 丁寧【ていねい】 • polite, courteous, careful, care, kind, close, thorough, conscientious

④ 釣る【つる】 • to fish

④ 田舎【いなか】 • ① rural area, countryside, the sticks ② hometown

④ 踏む【ふむ】 • ① to step on, to tread on ② to experience, to undergo ③ to estimate, to value, to appraise ④ to rhyme ⑤ to follow (rules, morals, principles, etc.)

④ 濡れる【ぬれる】 • to get wet

④ 翻訳【ほんやく】 • ① translation ② de-encryption, deciphering ③ rendering

④ 漫画【まんが】 • comic, cartoon

④ 味噌【みそ】 • ① miso, bean paste ② key (main) point

④ 揺れる【ゆれる】 • to shake, to sway

④ 冷房【れいぼう】 • cooling, air-conditioning

④ 寂しい【さびしい】 • lonely, lonesome, solitary, desolate

④ 包む【くるむ】 • to wrap up, to tuck in, to pack, to do up, to cover with, to dress in

④ ご馳走【ごちそう】 • ① feast, treating (someone) ② to treat (someone, e.g. to a meal)

④ 辞典【じてん】 • dictionary

④ 誉める【ほめる】 • to praise, to admire, to speak well

④ 我々【われわれ】 • we

④ 訳【やく】 • translation, version (e.g. "English version")

④ きっと • surely, undoubtedly, almost certainly, most likely (e.g. 90 percent)

④ こう • ① in this way (used for something or someone close to the speaker, including the speaker himself, or for the opinions of the speaker), thus, such ② uh... (interjection used as a verbal pause)

④ これから • after this

④ それほど • to that degree, extent

④ ちっとも • not at all (neg. verb)

④ やっぱり • also, as I thought, still, in spite of, absolutely, of course

④ やはり • also, as I thought, still, in spite of, absolutely, of course

④ おかしい • strange, funny, amusing, ridiculous

④ いじめる • to tease, to torment, to persecute, to chastise

④ おもちゃ • toy

④ びっくり • ① to be surprised, to be amazed, to be frightened, to be astonished ② surprise (e.g. surprise party) ③ surprise

④ ご • honourable, honorable

④ しばらく • ① little while, short while, moment, instant ② a while, quite a time ③ it's been a long time

④ しまう • to finish, to close, to do something completely, to put away, to put an end to

④ ごみ • rubbish, trash, garbage, refuse

④ すごい • ① terrible, dreadful ② amazing (e.g. of strength), great (e.g. of skills), wonderful, terrific ③ to a great extent, vast (in numbers)

④ つもり • ① intention, plan ② conviction, belief

④ ぶつ • to hit (a person), to strike, to beat

④ とうとう • finally, at last, reaching a head

④ はず • ① expectation that something took place, will take place or was in some state, it should be so, bound to be, expected to be, must be ② nock (of a bow) ③ nock (of an arrow) ④ nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger) (Sumo)

④ または • or, otherwise

④ もらう • ① to receive, to take, to accept ② to get somebody to do something (follows a verb in "te" form)

④ わけ • conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard, reason, cause, meaning, circumstances, situation

④ まま • ① as it is, as one likes, because, as ② condition, state

④ しっかり • firmly, tightly, reliable, level-headed, steady

④ なかなか • ① very, considerably, easily, readily, fairly, quite, highly, rather ② by no means (with negative verb)

④ のど • ① throat ② singing voice

④ ひどい • cruel, awful, severe, very bad, serious, terrible, heavy, violent

④ 痩せる【やせる】 • ① to become thin, to lose weight, to reduce (one's) weight, to slim ② to be barren, to be infertile, to be sterile

④ そうして • and, like that

④ もうすぐ • very soon

③ うっかり • carelessly, thoughtlessly, inadvertently

③ お前【おまえ】 • ① you (masc) (formerly honorific, now sometimes derog. term referring to an equal or inferior) ② presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)

③ がっかり • feel disappointed, dejected, lose heart, feel emotionally drained, feel let down

③ きちんと • precisely, accurately, neatly

③ きつい • ① intense, severe, hard ② determined, forceful, formidable ③ strong ④ tight, close

③ こっそり • stealthily, secretly

③ こんなに • so, like this, in this way

③ さっさと • quickly

③ さっぱり • ① feeling refreshed, feeling relieved ② neat, trimmed ③ plain, simple ④ completely, entirely ⑤ not in the least (in sentence with negative verb), not at all ⑥ completely ignorant, not doing at all

③ ざっと • roughly, in round numbers

③ しつこい • insistent, obstinate

③ じっと • ① motionlessly ② fixedly (e.g. of staring) ③ patiently ④ firmly (e.g. hold), restrained

③ ずっと • ① continuously in some state (for a long time, distance), throughout, all along, the whole time, all the way ② much (better, etc.), by far, far and away ③ far away, long ago ④ direct, straight

③ そっくり • all, altogether, entirely, just like, the spitting image of

③ そっと • softly, gently, quietly, secretly

③ たっぷり • full, in plenty, ample

③ だらけ • ① implying (negatively) that something is full of (e.g. mistakes) ② covered all over (e.g. with blood)

③ ちゃんと • perfectly, properly, exactly

③ どうせ • anyhow, in any case, at any rate, after all, at best, at most, at all

③ どっと • suddenly

③ どんどん • ① drumming (noise) ② rapidly, steadily

③ どんなに • how, how much

③ のんびり • carefree, at leisure

③ ぴったり • exactly, neatly, sharp

③ ぼんやり • absent-minded, blockhead, dim, faint, vague

③ まあ • you might say, Oh!, Wow!, Well!

③ オーバー • ① overcoat ② over, exceeding, going beyond, exaggeration ③ ball hit over the head of an outfielder (baseball)

③ 下る【くだる】 • ① to descend, to go down, to come down ② to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.) ③ to pass (of time) ④ to surrender, to capitulate ⑤ (often in neg. form) to be less than, to be inferior to ⑥ to have the runs, to have diarrhea

③ 何とか【なんとか】 • ① something, something or other, so-and-so ② somehow, anyhow, one way or another

③ 何とも【なんとも】 • nothing (with neg. verb), quite, not a bit

③ 火山【かざん】 • volcano

③ 外す【はずす】 • ① to unfasten, to undo ② to remove, to take off, to deinstall ③ to leave, to step out, to slip away ④ to miss (a target)

③ 外れる【はずれる】 • to be disconnected, to get out of place, to be off, to be out (e.g. of gear)

③ 外出【がいしゅつ】 • outing, trip, going out

③ 学ぶ【まなぶ】 • to study (in depth), to learn, to take lessons in

③ 気に入る【きにいる】 • to be pleased with, to suit

③ 金【きん】 • ① gold, golden (color), metaphor for (most) valuable, gold (medal, cup) ② money (written before an amount) ③ Friday ④ metal (fourth of the five elements) ⑤ Jin (dynasty of China; 1115-1234 CE) ⑥ gold general (shogi) ⑦ karat, carat

③ 見下ろす【みおろす】 • to overlook, to command a view of, to look down on something

③ 見上げる【みあげる】 • to look up at, to raise one's eyes, to admire

③ 今後【こんご】 • from now on, hereafter

③ 左右【さゆう】 • ① left and right ② influence, control, domination

③ 週【しゅう】 • week

③ 女子【じょし】 • woman, girl

③ 上【じょう】 • ① from the standpoint of, as a matter of (e.g. fact), in the field of, being of the type of ② aboard (a ship or vehicle), on top of, on, above ③ first volume (e.g. book) ④ superior quality, best, top, high class ⑤ going up ⑥ governmental, imperial ⑦ presenting, showing

③ 人間【にんげん】 • ① human being, man, person ② character (of a person)

③ 人気【にんき】 • popularity, popular feeling, business conditions

③ 人生【じんせい】 • (human) life (i.e. conception to death)

③ 生える【はえる】 • ① to grow, to spring up ② to cut (teeth)

③ 生じる【しょうじる】 • ① to produce, to yield ② to result from, to arise, to be generated

③ 先日【せんじつ】 • the other day, a few days ago

③ 大いに【おおいに】 • very, much, greatly, a lot of

③ 大した【たいした】 • considerable, great, important, significant, a big deal

③ 大して【たいして】 • (not so) much, (not) very

③ 大半【たいはん】 • majority, mostly, generally

③ 男子【だんし】 • youth, young man

③ 中学【ちゅうがく】 • middle school, junior high school

③ 長【ちょう】 • chief, head

③ 電子【でんし】 • ① electron ② (esp. as a prefix) electronic, electronics

③ 読書【どくしょ】 • reading

③ 年間【ねんかん】 • year (period of)

③ 年中【ねんじゅう】 • whole year, always, everyday

③ 半ば【なかば】 • middle, half, semi, halfway, partly

③ 分ける【わける】 • to divide, to separate, to make distinctions, to differentiate (between)

③ 本人【ほんにん】 • the person himself

③ 本来【ほんらい】 • ① originally, primarily ② essentially, naturally, by nature, in (and of) itself ③ proper, legal

③ 名人【めいじん】 • master, expert

③ 友【とも】 • friend, companion, pal

③ 友人【ゆうじん】 • friend

③ 来【らい】 • ① next (year, etc.) ② since (last month, etc.)

③ 一生【いっしょう】 • ① whole life, a lifetime, all through life, one existence, a generation, an age, the whole world, the era ② (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life

③ 行き【いき】 • ① bound for ... ② going (to)

③ 年月【としつき】 • months and years

③ 食う【くう】 • ① to eat ② to live, to make a living, to survive ③ to bite, to sting (as insects do) ④ to tease, to torment, to taunt, to make light of, to make fun of ⑤ to encroach on, to eat into, to consume ⑥ to defeat a superior, to threaten a position ⑦ to consume time and-or resources ⑧ to have sexual relations with a woman, esp. for the first time

③ 見つめる【みつめる】 • to stare at, to gaze at, to look hard at, to watch intently, to fix one's eyes on

③ 分かれる【わかれる】 • ① to branch, to fork, to diverge ② to separate, to split, to divide ③ to disperse, to scatter

③ 生き生き【いきいき】 • vividly, lively

③ 生まれ【うまれ】 • birth, birthplace

③ 何で【なんで】 • ① why?, what for? ② how?, by what means?

③ 中【ちゅう】 • ① medium, average, middle ② moderation ③ middle school ④ China ⑤ in, out of (e.g. three out of ten people) ⑥ during (a certain time when one did or is doing something), under (construction, etc.), while

③ どうか • please, somehow or other

③ 学【がく】 • learning, scholarship, erudition, knowledge

③ あんなに • to that extent, to that degree

③ せっせと • diligently, assiduously

③ そんなに • so much, so, like that

③ 社【しゃ】 • ① company, association, society ② regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour) ③ counter for companies, shrines, etc.

③ みたい • -like, sort of, similar to, resembling

③ 間【かん】 • ① interval, period of time ② among, between, inter-

③ 大【だい】 • ① the large part of ② big, large, great ③ approximate size, no larger than ④ -university ⑤ large (e.g. serving size), loud (e.g. volume setting)

③ 生【せい】 • ① life, living ② I, me, myself

③ 後【ご】 • after

③ 名【めい】 • ① counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such) ② first name ③ famous, great

③ 以前【いぜん】 • ago, since, before, previous

③ 以来【いらい】 • since, henceforth

③ 意外【いがい】 • unexpected, surprising

③ 意思【いし】 • intention, purpose

③ 一体【いったい】 • ① ...the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"), ...in the world (e.g. "why in the world?"), ...on earth (e.g. "who on earth?") ② one object, one body, unity ③ one form, one style ④ one Buddhist image (or carving, etc.) ⑤ generally, in general

③ 一方【いっぽう】 • ① one (esp. of two), the other, one way, the other way, one direction, the other direction, one side, the other side, one party, the other party ② on the one hand, on the other hand ③ whereas, although, but at the same time, meanwhile, in turn ④ (after noun, adjective-stem or plain verb) just keeps, being inclined to ..., tending to be ..., tending to do ..., continuously ..., just keeps on ...ing, only

③ 引用【いんよう】 • quotation, citation, reference

③ 運【うん】 • fortune, luck

③ 下がる【さがる】 • to hang down, to abate, to retire, to fall, to step back

③ 家事【かじ】 • ① housework, domestic chores ② family affairs, household matters

③ 歌手【かしゅ】 • singer

③ 花火【はなび】 • fireworks

③ 画家【がか】 • painter, artist

③ 会員【かいいん】 • member, the membership

③ 会計【かいけい】 • account, finance, accountant, treasurer, paymaster, reckoning, bill

③ 海外【かいがい】 • foreign, abroad, overseas

③ 開始【かいし】 • start, commencement, beginning, initiation

③ 学者【がくしゃ】 • scholar

③ 学習【がくしゅう】 • study, learning, tutorial

③ 学問【がくもん】 • scholarship, study, learning

③ 楽【らく】 • comfort, ease

③ 起こる【おこる】 • to occur, to happen

③ 牛【うし】 • ① cattle, cow, ox, oxen ② beef ③ Chinese "Ox" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

③ 去る【さる】 • ① to leave, to go away ② to pass, to elapse ③ to be distant ④ to send away, to drive off, to divorce ⑤ (after a -masu stem, esp. of a suru verb) ... completely ⑥ last ... (e.g. "last April")

③ 強力【きょうりょく】 • powerful, strong

③ 見事【みごと】 • ① splendid, magnificent, beautiful, admirable ② praiseworthy act, feat, commendable deed

③ 見送る【みおくる】 • ① to see off (e.g. to the station, an airport, etc.), to escort (e.g. home), to farewell ② to see out, to send off ③ to let pass, to wait and see, to continue (e.g. in legal contexts) ④ to let a pitch go by (baseball), to watch a batted ball go into the stands

③ 言わば【いわば】 • so to speak, so to call it, as it were

③ 後者【こうしゃ】 • the latter

③ 公正【こうせい】 • justice, fairness, impartiality

③ 広場【ひろば】 • plaza

③ 行動【こうどう】 • action, conduct, behaviour, behavior, mobilization, mobilisation

③ 高度【こうど】 • ① altitude, height ② advanced, high-grade, strong

③ 国家【こっか】 • state, country, nation

③ 国会【こっかい】 • National Diet, parliament, congress

③ 作家【さっか】 • author, writer, novelist, artist

③ 作業【さぎょう】 • work, operation, manufacturing, fatigue duty

③ 作品【さくひん】 • work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.), opus, performance, production

③ 使用【しよう】 • use, application, employment, utilization, utilisation

③ 思わず【おもわず】 • unintentionally, reflexively, spontaneously, involuntarily, instinctively

③ 持ち上げる【もちあげる】 • to raise, to lift up, to flatter

③ 自ら【みずから】 • for one's self, personally

③ 自動【じどう】 • ① automatic, self-motion ② intransitive verb

③ 室【しつ】 • ① room ② Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

③ 質【しつ】 • quality

③ 借金【しゃっきん】 • debt, loan, liabilities

③ 手間【てま】 • time, labour, labor

③ 手入れ【ていれ】 • ① repairs, maintenance, tending, trimming, grooming ② crackdown, (police) raid

③ 重大【じゅうだい】 • serious, important, significant, grave, weighty

③ 出会い【であい】 • meeting, rendezvous, encounter

③ 出来事【できごと】 • incident, affair, happening, event

③ 書店【しょてん】 • bookshop, bookstore

③ 小屋【こや】 • hut, cabin, shed, (animal) pen

③ 上京【じょうきょう】 • proceeding to the capital (Tokyo)

③ 食品【しょくひん】 • commodity, foodstuff

③ 食料【しょくりょう】 • food

③ 真っ赤【まっか】 • ① bright red, deep red, flushed (of face) ② downright (e.g. lie), complete, utter

③ 親しい【したしい】 • intimate, close (e.g. friend)

③ 親友【しんゆう】 • close friend, bosom (old, intimate) friend, buddy, crony, chum

③ 人工【じんこう】 • artificial, manmade, human work, human skill, artificiality

③ 図【ず】 • figure (e.g. Fig 1), drawing, picture, illustration

③ 世の中【よのなか】 • society, the world, the times

③ 世間【せけん】 • world, society

③ 正午【しょうご】 • noon, mid-day

③ 生地【きじ】 • ① cloth, material, texture ② one's true character ③ unglazed pottery ④ uncooked dough, batter

③ 青年【せいねん】 • youth, young man

③ 切れる【きれる】 • ① to cut well, to be sharp ② to break (off), to snap, to wear out ③ to be injured ④ to burst, to collapse ⑤ to be disconnected, to be out of, to expire, to sever (connections) with ⑥ to be shrewd, to have a sharp mind ⑦ to drop under (a certain figure), to beat (e.g. a time) ⑧ to flip, to lose one's temper ⑨ to be able to do completely

③ 先ず【まず】 • ① first (of all), to start with, about, almost, anyway, well, now ② hardly (with neg. verb)

③ 前者【ぜんしゃ】 • the former

③ 足る【たる】 • to be sufficient, to be enough, to be worthy of

③ 多少【たしょう】 • more or less, somewhat, a little, some

③ 体重【たいじゅう】 • body weight (usu. one's own)

③ 貸し【かし】 • loan, lending

③ 代金【だいきん】 • price, payment, cost, charge, the money, the bill

③ 代理【だいり】 • representation, agency, proxy, deputy, agent, attorney, substitute, alternate, acting (principal, etc.)

③ 台【だい】 • ① stand, rack, table ② support ③ belt ④ counter for machines, incl. vehicles ⑤ setting (e.g. in jewellery)

③ 大家【おおや】 • landlord, landlady

③ 大会【たいかい】 • convention, tournament, mass meeting, rally

③ 大使【たいし】 • ambassador

③ 題【だい】 • ① title, subject, theme, topic ② problem (on a test), question ③ counter for questions (on a test)

③ 知事【ちじ】 • prefectural governor

③ 地【ち】 • ① earth, ground, land, soil ② place ③ territory ④ bottom (of a package, book, etc.) ⑤ earth (one of the five elements)

③ 地下【ちか】 • ① basement, cellar, underground place ② underground, below ground ③ secret, under cover

③ 地方【ちほう】 • ① area, locality, district, region, province ② countryside, rural area ③ coast (esp. as seen from the water) ④ person singing ballads in Noh, person in charge of music in a Japanese dance performance

③ 中止【ちゅうし】 • suspension, stoppage, discontinuance, interruption

③ 中心【ちゅうしん】 • center, centre, middle, heart, core, focus, pivot, emphasis, balance

③ 注文【ちゅうもん】 • order, request

③ 注目【ちゅうもく】 • notice, attention, observation

③ 度【たび】 • time (three times, each time, etc.), times

③ 土地【とち】 • plot of land, lot, soil

③ 動かす【うごかす】 • ① to move, to shift, to operate, to set in motion, to mobilize, to mobilise ② to inspire, to rouse, to move (e.g. feeling), to influence ③ to deny, to change

③ 動作【どうさ】 • action, movements, motions, bearing, behaviour, behavior, execution, actuation, operation, manners

③ 同一【どういつ】 • identity, sameness, similarity, equality, fairness

③ 特急【とっきゅう】 • ① limited express (train, faster than an express) ② great hurry

③ 入場【にゅうじょう】 • entrance, admission, entering

③ 年代【ねんだい】 • age, era, period, date

③ 売れる【うれる】 • ① to sell (well) ② to be well known, to be popular, to be famous

③ 発【はつ】 • ① departure, departing (from ...), departing (at time ...) ② beginning ③ issued by (e.g. document) ④ counter for gunshots, counter for blows (punches)

③ 発見【はっけん】 • discovery, detection, finding

③ 発行【はっこう】 • ① issue (publications), publishing ② raising an event (software)

③ 病【やまい】 • illness, disease

③ 不安【ふあん】 • anxiety, uneasiness, insecurity, suspense

③ 不運【ふうん】 • unlucky, misfortune, bad luck, fate

③ 不正【ふせい】 • injustice, unfairness, iniquity, impropriety, irregularity, dishonesty, illegality, fraud

③ 不足【ふそく】 • insufficiency, shortage, deficiency, lack, dearth

③ 父親【ちちおや】 • father

③ 分野【ぶんや】 • field, sphere, realm, division, branch

③ 文【ぶん】 • sentence, text

③ 文字【もじ】 • ① letter (of alphabet), character ② literal

③ 別れ【わかれ】 • parting, separation, farewell, (lateral) branch, fork, offshoot, division, section

③ 歩道【ほどう】 • footpath, walkway, sidewalk

③ 母親【ははおや】 • mother

③ 味わう【あじわう】 • to taste, to savor, to relish

③ 味方【みかた】 • friend, ally, supporter

③ 目立つ【めだつ】 • to be conspicuous, to stand out

③ 野【の】 • ① plain, field ② hidden (structural) member ③ wild ④ lacking a political post

③ 有料【ゆうりょう】 • toll, fee, charge, admission-paid

③ 用いる【もちいる】 • to use, to make use of

③ 用心【ようじん】 • care, precaution, guarding, caution

③ 立ち止まる【たちどまる】 • to stop, to halt, to stand still

③ 立ち上がる【たちあがる】 • ① to stand up, to get up ② to rise ③ to recover ④ to take action, to start ⑤ to make the initial charge (in sumo)

③ 立場【たちば】 • standpoint, position, situation

③ 旅【たび】 • travel, trip, journey

③ 料金【りょうきん】 • fee, charge, fare

③ 力【りょく】 • strength, power

③ 話題【わだい】 • topic, subject

③ 一家【いっか】 • a house, a home, a family, a household, one's family, one's folks, a style

③ 姉妹【しまい】 • sisters

③ 主人【しゅじん】 • ① head (of a household), proprietor (of a store), proprietress, landlord, landlady ② one's husband ③ (one's) employer, (one's) master ④ host, hostess

③ 少女【しょうじょ】 • young lady, little girl, virgin, maiden, daughter

③ 注ぐ【そそぐ】 • ① to pour (into), to fill ② to sprinkle on from above, to shed (e.g. tears) ③ to concentrate one's spirit or strength on ④ to fall onto (of rain, snow)

③ 転ぶ【ころぶ】 • to fall down, to fall over

③ 空く【すく】 • ① to become less crowded, to thin out, to get empty ② to be hungry

③ 足元【あしもと】 • ① at one's feet, underfoot ② gait, pace, step ③ you, thou

③ 言う【ゆう】 • ① to say ② to call (i.e. to give a name)

③ 思い出【おもいで】 • memories, recollections, reminiscence

③ 少々【しょうしょう】 • just a minute, small quantity

③ 銀【ぎん】 • ① silver, silver coin, silver paint ② silver general (shogi)

③ 少なくとも【すくなくとも】 • at least

③ 建つ【たつ】 • to be erected, to be built

③ 出会う【であう】 • to meet by chance, to come across, to happen to encounter, to hold a rendezvous, to have a date

③ 計る【はかる】 • ① to measure, to weigh, to survey, to time (sound, gauge, estimate) ② to conjecture, to infer, to surmise

③ 昼食【ちゅうしょく】 • ① lunch, midday meal ② food served at a tea party (tea ceremony)

③ 広がる【ひろがる】 • to spread (out), to extend, to stretch, to reach to, to get around, to fill (e.g. a space)

③ 広げる【ひろげる】 • to spread, to extend, to expand, to enlarge, to widen, to broaden, to unfold, to open, to unroll

③ お昼【おひる】 • lunch, noon

③ 不【ふ】 • un-, non-, negative prefix

③ 者【しゃ】 • someone of that nature, someone doing that work

③ 元【もと】 • former, ex-

③ 安定【あんてい】 • stability, equilibrium

③ 委員【いいん】 • committee member

③ 易い【やすい】 • easy

③ 育つ【そだつ】 • to be raised (e.g. child), to be brought up, to grow (up)

③ 一流【いちりゅう】 • first-class, top grade, school (of art), foremost, top-notch, unique

③ 引退【いんたい】 • retire

③ 羽【はね】 • ① feather, plume, wing ② blade (fan, propeller, etc.)

③ 営業【えいぎょう】 • business, trade, sales, operations

③ 横切る【よこぎる】 • to cross (e.g. road), to traverse

③ 横断【おうだん】 • ① crossing ② transverse

③ 王子【おうじ】 • prince

③ 王様【おうさま】 • king

③ 屋根【やね】 • roof

③ 温度【おんど】 • temperature

③ 化学【かがく】 • ① chemistry ② chemical company (e.g. Acme Chemical Co.)

③ 加える【くわえる】 • to append, to sum up, to add (up), to include, to increase, to inflict

③ 加わる【くわわる】 • to join in, to accede to, to increase, to gain in (influence)

③ 家具【かぐ】 • furniture

③ 火曜【かよう】 • Tuesday

③ 会合【かいごう】 • ① meeting, assembly ② association ③ (astronomical) conjunction

③ 会費【かいひ】 • membership fee

③ 回す【まわす】 • ① to turn, to rotate, to gyrate ② to circulate, to send around ③ to surround ④ to put something to a new use (e.g. leftovers) ⑤ (after the -masu stem of a verb) ... around (i.e. to chase someone around) ⑥ to dial (e.g. telephone number)

③ 回転【かいてん】 • rotation (usu. around something), revolution, turning

③ 絵画【かいが】 • picture, painting

③ 外交【がいこう】 • diplomacy

③ 確かめる【たしかめる】 • to ascertain, to check, to make sure

③ 確実【かくじつ】 • certainty, reliability, soundness

③ 学期【がっき】 • school term, semester

③ 額【がく】 • ① picture (framed) ② amount or sum (of money)

③ 活気【かっき】 • energy, liveliness

③ 活動【かつどう】 • action, activity

③ 活用【かつよう】 • ① practical use, application ② conjugation, declension, inflection

③ 感じ【かんじ】 • feeling, sense, impression

③ 感じる【かんじる】 • to feel, to sense, to experience

③ 感情【かんじょう】 • emotion, feeling, feelings, sentiment

③ 感心【かんしん】 • admiration, Well done!

③ 感動【かんどう】 • being deeply moved emotionally, excitement, passion, deep emotion, impression

③ 観客【かんきゃく】 • audience, spectator, spectators

③ 観光【かんこう】 • sightseeing

③ 丸【まる】 • ① circle ② full (e.g. month, day, etc.) ③ perfection, purity ④ suffix for ship names

③ 岸【きし】 • bank, coast, shore

③ 岩【いわ】 • rock, crag

③ 期間【きかん】 • period, term, interval

③ 期待【きたい】 • expectation, anticipation, hope

③ 気温【きおん】 • atmospheric temperature

③ 記事【きじ】 • article, news story, report, account

③ 記者【きしゃ】 • reporter

③ 記入【きにゅう】 • entry, filling in of forms

③ 記録【きろく】 • ① record, minutes, document ② a record (e.g. in sports), results, score ③ to record, to document ④ to set a record (e.g. in sports), to show a result, to reach a value

③ 逆【ぎゃく】 • ① reverse, opposite ② converse (of a hypothesis, etc.)

③ 逆らう【さからう】 • to go against, to oppose, to disobey, to defy

③ 休息【きゅうそく】 • rest, relief, relaxation

③ 急速【きゅうそく】 • rapid (e.g. progress)

③ 求める【もとめる】 • to seek, to request, to demand, to want, to wish for, to search for, to pursue (pleasure), to hunt (a job), to buy

③ 旧【きゅう】 • ex-, former, old

③ 強調【きょうちょう】 • emphasis, highlight, stress, stressed point

③ 教科書【きょうかしょ】 • textbook, text book

③ 禁止【きんし】 • prohibition, inhibition, ban

③ 金額【きんがく】 • amount of money

③ 金庫【きんこ】 • safe, vault, treasury, provider of funds

③ 金曜【きんよう】 • Friday

③ 区別【くべつ】 • distinction, differentiation, classification

③ 苦しい【くるしい】 • painful, difficult

③ 苦しむ【くるしむ】 • to suffer, to groan, to be worried

③ 苦手【にがて】 • poor (at), weak (in), dislike (of)

③ 計算【けいさん】 • ① calculation, reckoning, count ② forecast

③ 欠ける【かける】 • ① to be chipped, to be damaged, to be broken ② to be lacking, to be missing ③ to be insufficient, to be short, to be deficient, to be negligent toward ④ (of the moon) to wane, to go into eclipse

③ 欠点【けってん】 • faults, defect, weakness

③ 決心【けっしん】 • determination, resolution

③ 決定【けってい】 • decision, determination

③ 月曜【げつよう】 • Monday

③ 県【けん】 • ① prefecture (of Japan) ② county (of China)

③ 言語【げんご】 • language

③ 語る【かたる】 • to talk, to tell, to recite

③ 公平【こうへい】 • fairness, impartial, justice

③ 向く【むく】 • ① to face ② to turn toward ③ to be suited to, to be fit for

③ 向け【むけ】 • intended for ..., oriented towards ..., aimed at ...

③ 向ける【むける】 • to turn towards, to point

③ 幸い【さいわい】 • happiness, blessedness

③ 幸福【こうふく】 • happiness, blessedness

③ 高速【こうそく】 • ① high speed, high gear ② highway, freeway, expressway, motorway

③ 号【ごう】 • ① number, edition, make, model, issue, part of that group ② sobriquet, pen-name

③ 合わせる【あわせる】 • ① to match (rhythm, speed, etc.) ② to join together, to unite, to combine, to add up ③ to face, to be opposite (someone) ④ to compare, to check with ⑤ to cause to meet (e.g. an unpleasant fate) ⑥ to place together, to connect, to overlap ⑦ to mix, to combine ⑧ to put blade to blade, to fight

③ 合計【ごうけい】 • sum total, total amount

③ 合図【あいず】 • sign, signal

③ 国王【こくおう】 • king

③ 黒板【こくばん】 • blackboard

③ 今回【こんかい】 • now, this time, lately

③ 根【ね】 • ① root (of a plant) ② root (of a tooth, hair, etc.), center (of a pimple, etc.) ③ root root (of all evil, etc.), source, origin, cause, basis ④ one's true nature ⑤ (fishing) reef

③ 混ぜる【まぜる】 • to mix, to stir, to blend

③ 才能【さいのう】 • talent, ability

③ 作物【さくもつ】 • produce (e.g. agricultural), crops

③ 参加【さんか】 • participation

③ 残り【のこり】 • remnant, residue, remaining, left-over

③ 思想【しそう】 • thought, idea, ideology

③ 指す【さす】 • ① to point ② to nominate, to select someone, to specify some person ③ to identify, to indicate, to point out

③ 指導【しどう】 • ① leadership, guidance, coaching ② shido (disciplinary action for a minor infringement of the rules of judo)

③ 試し【ためし】 • trial, test

③ 試す【ためす】 • to attempt, to test, to try out

③ 事実【じじつ】 • fact, truth, reality

③ 事情【じじょう】 • circumstances, consideration, conditions, situation, reasons

③ 時期【じき】 • time, season, period

③ 自身【じしん】 • by oneself, personally

③ 自然【しぜん】 • ① nature, spontaneity ② naturally, spontaneously

③ 式【しき】 • ① equation, formula, expression ② ceremony ③ style

③ 実【み】 • ① fruit, nut ② seed ③ (in broth) pieces of meat, vegetable, etc. ④ content, substance

③ 実は【じつは】 • as a matter of fact, by the way, to tell you the truth, to be honest, frankly

③ 実験【じっけん】 • experiment

③ 実行【じっこう】 • practice, practise, performance, execution (e.g. program) (programme), realization, realisation, implementation

③ 取り出す【とりだす】 • ① to take out, to produce, to pick out ② to fetch, to retrieve

③ 取り消す【とりけす】 • to cancel, to revoke

③ 取り上げる【とりあげる】 • ① to take up, to pick up ② to accept, to adopt, to listen to ③ to disqualify, to confiscate, to deprive ④ to adopt (child)

③ 取れる【とれる】 • ① to come off, to be removed ② (of pain, a fever, etc.) to disappear ③ to be caught, to be harvested ④ to be interpreted (as), to be taken as ⑤ (of balance, etc.) to be attained ⑥ to be obtainable

③ 守る【まもる】 • ① to protect, to guard, to defend ② to keep (i.e. a promise), to abide (by the rules), to observe, to obey, to follow

③ 手術【しゅじゅつ】 • surgical operation

③ 手伝い【てつだい】 • ① helper, assistant ② help

③ 首相【しゅしょう】 • Prime Minister, Chancellor (Germany, Austria, etc.), Premier

③ 首都【しゅと】 • capital city, metropolis

③ 受け取る【うけとる】 • ① to receive, to get, to accept ② to take, to interpret, to understand

③ 州【しゅう】 • ① state, province, county (UK), department (of ancient China) ② continent

③ 終える【おえる】 • to finish

③ 集会【しゅうかい】 • meeting, assembly

③ 集中【しゅうちゅう】 • concentration, convergence, centralization, integration, gathering together

③ 宿【やど】 • inn, lodging

③ 出身【しゅっしん】 • ① person's origin (town, city, country, etc.) ② institution from which one graduated ③ director in charge of employee relations

③ 書物【しょもつ】 • books

③ 書類【しょるい】 • documents, official papers

③ 助かる【たすかる】 • to be saved, to be rescued, to survive, to be helpful

③ 助ける【たすける】 • to help, to save, to rescue, to give relief to, to spare (life), to reinforce, to promote, to abet

③ 助手【じょしゅ】 • helper, helpmeet, assistant, tutor

③ 女王【じょおう】 • queen

③ 勝負【しょうぶ】 • victory or defeat, match, contest, game, bout

③ 商売【しょうばい】 • trade, business, commerce, transaction, occupation

③ 商品【しょうひん】 • commodity, article of commerce, goods, stock, merchandise

③ 小麦【こむぎ】 • wheat

③ 消費【しょうひ】 • consumption, expenditure

③ 場面【ばめん】 • scene, setting (e.g. of novel)

③ 常に【つねに】 • always, constantly

③ 植物【しょくぶつ】 • plant, vegetation

③ 食物【しょくもつ】 • food, foodstuff

③ 新た【あらた】 • ① new, fresh, novel ② newly, freshly, re-

③ 身【み】 • ① body ② oneself ③ one's place, one's position ④ main part, meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.), wood (as opposed to bark), blade (as opposed to its handle), container(as opposed to its lid)

③ 身長【しんちょう】 • height (of body), stature

③ 身分【みぶん】 • social position, social status

③ 進める【すすめる】 • to advance, to promote, to hasten

③ 進学【しんがく】 • entering a higher-level school, esp. going on to university

③ 進歩【しんぽ】 • progress, development

③ 人物【じんぶつ】 • character, personality, person, man, personage, talented man

③ 人類【じんるい】 • mankind, humanity

③ 数える【かぞえる】 • to count, to enumerate

③ 数字【すうじ】 • numeral, figure, digit, numeric character

③ 正確【せいかく】 • accurate, punctual, exact, authentic, veracious

③ 正式【せいしき】 • due form, official, formality

③ 正直【しょうじき】 • ① honesty, integrity, frankness ② honestly, frankly

③ 生き物【いきもの】 • living thing, animal

③ 生物【せいぶつ】 • living things, creature

③ 生命【せいめい】 • life, existence

③ 実に【じつに】 • indeed, really, absolutely, truly, actually, very, quite

③ 石炭【せきたん】 • coal

③ 石油【せきゆ】 • oil, petroleum, kerosene

③ 選手【せんしゅ】 • player (in game), team member

③ 前進【ぜんしん】 • advance, drive, progress

③ 全【ぜん】 • all, whole, entire, complete, overall, pan-

③ 全く【まったく】 • ① really, truly, entirely, completely, wholly, perfectly ② indeed ③ good grief (expression of exasperation)

③ 全員【ぜんいん】 • all members (unanimity), all hands, the whole crew, everyone, everybody

③ 全身【ぜんしん】 • ① whole (body), full-length (e.g. portrait) ② systemic

③ 全体【ぜんたい】 • whole, entirety, whatever (is the matter)

③ 全力【ぜんりょく】 • all one's power, whole energy

③ 組み立てる【くみたてる】 • to assemble, to set up, to construct

③ 組む【くむ】 • ① to cross (legs or arms), to link (arms) ② to put together, to construct, to assemble, to produce (e.g. TV program) ③ to braid, to plait ④ to grapple, to wrestle ⑤ to unite, to link up, to form an alliance ⑥ to set (e.g. type) ⑦ to issue (e.g. money order)

③ 組合【くみあい】 • association, union

③ 相手【あいて】 • ① companion, partner, company ② other party, addressee ③ opponent (sports, etc.)

③ 相当【そうとう】 • ① befitting, becoming, worthy of, proportionate, in keeping with, suitable ② considerable, substantial ③ to be worthy of, to be proportionate to ④ to correspond to (in meaning, function, etc.), to be equivalent ⑤ extremely, considerably

③ 息【いき】 • ① breath, breathing ② tone, mood

③ 速度【そくど】 • speed, velocity, rate

③ 太陽【たいよう】 • sun, solar

③ 身体【しんたい】 • ① body ② health

③ 体温【たいおん】 • temperature, body temperature (human, animal)

③ 対【たい】 • ① opposite, opposition ② versus, vs ③ to (i.e. "we won the game five to three") ④ equal footing, equal terms ⑤ against ..., anti-, toward ..., to ...

③ 代表【だいひょう】 • representative, representation, delegation, type, example, model

③ 単なる【たんなる】 • mere, simple, sheer

③ 単に【たんに】 • simply, merely, only, solely

③ 単語【たんご】 • word, vocabulary, (usually) single-character word

③ 断る【ことわる】 • ① to refuse, to reject, to dismiss, to turn down, to decline ② to inform, to give notice, to tell in advance ③ to ask leave, to excuse oneself (from)

③ 知能【ちのう】 • intelligence, brains

③ 地球【ちきゅう】 • the earth, the globe

③ 地区【ちく】 • district, section, sector

③ 地点【ちてん】 • site, point on a map, spot

③ 地面【じめん】 • ground, earth's surface

③ 中央【ちゅうおう】 • centre, central, center, middle

③ 調子【ちょうし】 • ① tune, tone, key, pitch, time, rhythm ② vein, mood, way, manner, style, knack ③ condition, state of health ④ impetus, spur of the moment, strain ⑤ trend

③ 長期【ちょうき】 • long time period

③ 長所【ちょうしょ】 • strong point, merit, virtue, advantage

③ 直ちに【ただちに】 • at once, immediately, directly, in person

③ 追う【おう】 • ① to chase, to run after, to pursue ② to follow (i.e. a set order, a trend) ③ to drive out, to oust, to expel ④ to drive (i.e. a herd) ⑤ (in passive voice) to be pressed (for time, etc.)

③ 通じる【つうじる】 • to run to, to lead to, to communicate, to understand, to be well-informed

③ 通す【とおす】 • to let pass, to overlook, to continue, to keep, to make way for, to persist in

③ 通学【つうがく】 • commuting to school, school commute

③ 通知【つうち】 • notice, notification, report, posting

③ 低下【ていか】 • fall, decline, lowering, deterioration, degradation

③ 的【てき】 • -like, typical

③ 鉄【てつ】 • iron

③ 鉄道【てつどう】 • railroad

③ 伝わる【つたわる】 • to be handed down, to be introduced, to be transmitted, to be circulated, to go along, to walk along

③ 電池【でんち】 • battery

③ 登山【とざん】 • mountain climbing

③ 都会【とかい】 • city

③ 都市【とし】 • town, city, municipal, urban

③ 土曜【どよう】 • Saturday

③ 当たり前【あたりまえ】 • ① natural, reasonable, obvious ② usual, common, ordinary

③ 当たる【あたる】 • ① to be hit, to strike ② to touch, to be in contact, to be affixed ③ to be equivalent to, to be applicable, to apply to ④ to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.) ⑤ to be selected (in a lottery, etc.), to win ⑥ to be successful, to go well, to be a hit ⑦ to face, to confront ⑧ to lie (in the direction of) ⑨ to undertake, to be assigned ⑩ to be stricken (by food poisoning, heat, etc.), to be afflicted ⑪ to be called upon (by the teacher) ⑫ to treat (esp. harshly), to lash out at ⑬ to be unnecessary ⑭ (in baseball) to be hitting well, to be on a hitting streak ⑮ (in fishing) to feel a bite ⑯ (of fruit, etc.) to be bruised, to spoil ⑰ to feel (something) out, to probe into, to check (i.e. by comparison) ⑱ to shave

③ 当てる【あてる】 • ① to hit ② to expose ③ to apply (e.g. patch) ④ to allot, to call on someone (e.g. in class) ⑤ to guess (an answer) ⑥ to make a hit (e.g. in a lottery)

③ 当てはまる【あてはまる】 • to apply (a rule), to be applicable, to come under (a category), to fulfill

③ 当時【とうじ】 • at that time, in those days

③ 等しい【ひとしい】 • equal, similar, like, equivalent

③ 同様【どうよう】 • identical, equal to, same (kind), like, similarity

③ 道路【どうろ】 • road, highway

③ 特定【とくてい】 • specific, special, particular

③ 日光【にっこう】 • sunlight

③ 日曜【にちよう】 • Sunday

③ 能力【のうりょく】 • ability, faculty

③ 農家【のうか】 • farmer, farm family

③ 農業【のうぎょう】 • agriculture

③ 波【なみ】 • wave

③ 馬【うま】 • ① horse ② promoted bishop (shogi)

③ 配る【くばる】 • to distribute, to deliver, to deal (cards)

③ 発表【はっぴょう】 • announcement, publication

③ 発明【はつめい】 • invention

③ 犯人【はんにん】 • offender, criminal

③ 番目【ばんめ】 • cardinal number suffix

③ 悲しむ【かなしむ】 • to be sad, to mourn for, to regret

③ 皮肉【ひにく】 • cynicism, sarcasm, irony, satire

③ 費【ひ】 • cost, expense

③ 費用【ひよう】 • cost, expense

③ 飛ばす【とばす】 • ① to fly, to fire, to hurl ② to skip over, to omit, to drop (e.g. stitch) ③ to run or drive fast, to gallop ④ to spread a rumour (rumor), to tell a story ⑤ to remove, to get rid of, to transfer ⑥ to attack, to jeer at

③ 飛び出す【とびだす】 • ① to jump out, to rush out, to fly out ② to appear (suddenly) ③ to protrude, to project ④ to butt in

③ 美人【びじん】 • beautiful person (woman)

③ 氷【こおり】 • ① ice ② shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)

③ 表【ひょう】 • table (e.g. Tab 1), chart, list

③ 表情【ひょうじょう】 • facial expression

③ 表面【ひょうめん】 • surface, outside, face, appearance

③ 秒【びょう】 • second (60th min)

③ 不幸【ふこう】 • unhappiness, sorrow, misfortune, disaster, accident, death

③ 不自由【ふじゆう】 • ① discomfort, inconvenience ② poverty, want, destitution ③ disability, impairment (physical, mental, etc.)

③ 不満【ふまん】 • dissatisfaction, displeasure, discontent, complaints, unhappiness, disgruntled

③ 部【ぶ】 • ① department (in an organization), division, bureau ② club ③ part, component, element ④ category ⑤ counter for copies of a newspaper or magazine

③ 部分【ぶぶん】 • portion, section, part

③ 物語【ものがたり】 • tale, story, legend

③ 物事【ものごと】 • things, everything

③ 物質【ぶっしつ】 • material, substance

③ 物理【ぶつり】 • physics, law of nature

③ 分類【ぶんるい】 • classification, categorization, sorting

③ 文明【ぶんめい】 • ① civilization, civilisation, culture ② Bummei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)

③ 平ら【たいら】 • flatness, level, smooth, calm, plain, sitting tailor fashion

③ 平気【へいき】 • coolness, calmness, composure, unconcern

③ 平等【びょうどう】 • equality, impartiality, evenness

③ 平和【へいわ】 • peace, harmony

③ 辺り【あたり】 • ① on the bank of, by the side of (e.g. a river, pond) ② (in the) neighbourhood, neighborhood, vicinity, nearby

③ 放す【はなす】 • to separate, to set free, to turn loose

③ 方向【ほうこう】 • ① direction, orientation, bearing, way ② course (e.g. of action)

③ 望み【のぞみ】 • ① wish, desire, hope ② prospect, expectation, (one's) hopes

③ 望む【のぞむ】 • to desire, to wish for, to see, to command (a view of)

③ 防ぐ【ふせぐ】 • to defend (against), to protect, to prevent

③ 本物【ほんもの】 • genuine article

③ 満足【まんぞく】 • ① satisfaction ② sufficiency

③ 無し【なし】 • without

③ 無事【ぶじ】 • safety, peace, quietness

③ 無料【むりょう】 • free, no charge

③ 命【いのち】 • (mortal) life

③ 命じる【めいじる】 • to order, to command, to appoint

③ 明ける【あける】 • ① to dawn, to grow light ② to end

③ 明らか【あきらか】 • obvious, evident, clear, plain

③ 明確【めいかく】 • clear, precise, definite, distinct

③ 迷う【まよう】 • ① to lose one's way ② to waver, to hesitate, to be of two minds over, to be puzzled, to be perplexed ③ to give into temptation, to lose control of oneself ④ to turn in one's grave

③ 鳴らす【ならす】 • to ring, to sound, to chime, to beat, to snort (nose)

③ 木曜【もくよう】 • Thursday

③ 目指す【めざす】 • to aim at, to have an eye on

③ 目的【もくてき】 • purpose, goal, aim, objective, intention

③ 夜明け【よあけ】 • dawn, daybreak

③ 役【やく】 • ① use, service, role ② post, position ③ scoring combination (e.g. in mahjong, card games, etc.), hand

③ 友情【ゆうじょう】 • friendship, fellowship, camaraderie

③ 有能【ゆうのう】 • able, capable, efficient, skill

③ 昨夜【さくや】 • ① evening ② last night

③ 予期【よき】 • expectation, assume will happen, forecast

③ 予算【よさん】 • estimate, budget

③ 様子【ようす】 • ① state, state of affairs, situation, circumstances ② appearance, look, aspect ③ sign, indication

③ 陽気【ようき】 • ① cheerful, merry ② season, weather

③ 理想【りそう】 • ideal, dream

③ 流す【ながす】 • ① to drain, to pour, to spill, to shed (blood, tears) ② to wash away ③ to distribute (e.g. electricity over wires, music over a PA system, etc.), to circulate, to broadcast, to beam ④ to cruise (e.g. taxi) ⑤ to float, to set adrift

③ 流れ【ながれ】 • stream, current, flow

③ 流れる【ながれる】 • to stream, to flow (liquid, time, etc.), to run (ink), to be washed away

③ 流行る【はやる】 • ① to be popular, to come into fashion ② to be prevalent, to spread widely (e.g. disease), to be endemic ③ to flourish, to thrive

③ 留学【りゅうがく】 • studying abroad (usu. at university level)

③ 量【りょう】 • quantity, amount, volume, portion (of food)

③ 例外【れいがい】 • exception

③ 列【れつ】 • queue, line, row, column, sequence, string, train

③ 列車【れっしゃ】 • train (ordinary)

③ 話し合う【はなしあう】 • to discuss, to talk together

③ 商人【しょうにん】 • trader, shopkeeper, merchant

③ 乗客【じょうきゃく】 • passenger

③ 数【すう】 • ① several, a number of ② number, numeral, figure ③ destiny, fate ④ law

③ 全国【ぜんこく】 • country-wide, nation-wide, whole country, national

③ 他人【たにん】 • another person, unrelated person, outsider, stranger

③ 谷【たに】 • valley

③ 毎月【まいつき】 • every month, each month, monthly

③ 明後日【みょうごにち】 • day after tomorrow

③ 面【めん】 • ① face ② mask, face guard ③ (in kendo) striking the head ④ surface (esp. a geometrical surface) ⑤ page ⑥ aspect, facet, side ⑦ chamfer ⑧ counter for broad, flat objects, levels or stages, e.g. in a video game

③ 流行【りゅうこう】 • fashion, fad, vogue, craze

③ 例【れい】 • ① custom, practice, habit, usual ② said, aforementioned ③ instance, example, case, illustration, usage ④ precedent ⑤ annual

③ 明かり【あかり】 • ① light, illumination, glow, gleam ② lamp, light

③ 暗記【あんき】 • memorization, memorisation, learning by heart

③ 科目【かもく】 • (school) subject, curriculum, course

③ 協力【きょうりょく】 • cooperation, collaboration

③ 幸運【こううん】 • good luck, fortune

③ 幸せ【しあわせ】 • happiness, good fortune, luck, blessing

③ 知り合い【しりあい】 • acquaintance

③ 例える【たとえる】 • to compare, to liken, to speak figuratively, to illustrate, to use a simile

③ 次々【つぎつぎ】 • in succession, one by one

③ 問い合わせ【といあわせ】 • enquiry, inquiry, ENQ, query, interrogation

③ 残す【のこす】 • to leave (behind, over), to bequeath, to save, to reserve

③ 乗せる【のせる】 • ① to give (someone) a ride, to give a lift, to pick up, to help on board ② to deceive, to take for a ride

③ 引き受ける【ひきうける】 • ① to be responsible for ② to take over, to take up ③ to guarantee, to undertake ④ to contract (a disease)

③ 祭【まつり】 • festival, feast

③ 回り【まわり】 • ① circumference, perimeter, edge ② surroundings, locality, neighborhood ③ rotation, circulation

③ 満点【まんてん】 • perfect score

③ 満ちる【みちる】 • ① to be full ② to wax (e.g. moon) ③ to rise (e.g. tide) ④ to mature, to expire

③ 向かい【むかい】 • facing, opposite, across the street, other side

③ 虫歯【むしば】 • cavity, tooth decay, decayed tooth, caries

③ 王【おう】 • ① king, ruler, sovereign, monarch ② king (for senior player) (shogi)

③ 他【た】 • other (esp. people and abstract matters)

③ 感【かん】 • feeling, sensation, emotion, admiration, impression

③ 無【む】 • ① nothing, naught, nought, nil, zero ② un-, non-

③ 化【か】 • action of making something, -ification

③ 両【りょう】 • ① both (e.g. both shoulders, etc.) ② ryo (obsolete unit of currency) ③ 41-42 g (one sixteenth of a kin) ④ 2 tan (measure of fabric size) ⑤ counter for carriages (e.g. in a train)

③ 内【ない】 • inside, within

③ 愛【あい】 • love, affection

③ 愛する【あいする】 • to love

③ 愛情【あいじょう】 • love, affection

③ 以降【いこう】 • on and after, as from, hereafter, thereafter, since

③ 依頼【いらい】 • ① request, commission, dispatch, despatch ② dependence, trust

③ 偉い【えらい】 • ① great, excellent, admirable, remarkable, distinguished, important, celebrated, famous, eminent ② awful, terrible

③ 偉大【いだい】 • greatness

③ 囲む【かこむ】 • to surround, to encircle

③ 意識【いしき】 • ① consciousness ② awareness, sense ③ mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)

③ 移動【いどう】 • ① removal, migration, movement ② mobile (e.g. communications)

③ 胃【い】 • ① stomach ② Chinese "stomach" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

③ 衣服【いふく】 • clothes

③ 違い【ちがい】 • difference, discrepancy

③ 違反【いはん】 • violation (of law), transgression, infringement, breach

③ 医師【いし】 • doctor, physician

③ 一層【いっそう】 • ① much more, still more, all the more, (would) rather, sooner, might as well ② single layer (or storey, etc.)

③ 一般【いっぱん】 • general, liberal, universal, ordinary, average

③ 印【しるし】 • ① mark ② symbol ③ evidence

③ 印刷【いんさつ】 • printing

③ 印象【いんしょう】 • impression

③ 永遠【えいえん】 • eternity, perpetuity, immortality, permanence

③ 鋭い【するどい】 • pointed, sharp

③ 液体【えきたい】 • liquid, fluid

③ 越す【こす】 • ① to cross over (e.g. mountain), to go across ② to go over (e.g. with audience) ③ to pass time (e.g. a winter) ④ to surpass, to be better than, to exceed ⑤ to move house ⑥ to go, to come

③ 延期【えんき】 • postponement, adjournment

③ 演技【えんぎ】 • acting, performance

③ 演劇【えんげき】 • play (theatrical)

③ 演説【えんぜつ】 • speech, address

③ 煙【けむり】 • smoke, fumes

③ 汚す【よごす】 • ① to pollute, to contaminate, to soil, to make dirty, to stain ② to disgrace, to dishonour, to dishonor, to defile

③ 奥【おく】 • interior, inner part, inside

③ 温泉【おんせん】 • spa, hot spring, onsen

③ 加減【かげん】 • ① addition and subtraction ② allowance for ③ degree, extent, measure ④ condition, state of health ⑤ seasoning, flavor, flavour, moderation, adjustment ⑥ influence (of the weather) ⑦ chance

③ 可愛らしい【かわいらしい】 • lovely, sweet

③ 可能【かのう】 • possible, practicable, feasible

③ 果実【かじつ】 • fruit, nut, berry

③ 課【か】 • ① lesson ② section (in an organization), division, department ③ counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)

③ 過ごす【すごす】 • ① to pass (time), to spend ② to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption), to drink (alcohol) ③ to overdo, to do too much ④ to ... without acting on it

③ 過去【かこ】 • the past, bygone days, the previous

③ 過失【かしつ】 • ① error, blunder, accident ② fault, defect

③ 解く【とく】 • ① to solve, to answer ② to untie ③ to comb, to untangle (hair)

③ 解ける【とける】 • ① to be solved ② to loosen, to come untied ③ to be removed (e.g. restrictions), to be cleared (e.g. misunderstandings), to be broken (e.g. spells, curses) ④ to melt

③ 解決【かいけつ】 • settlement, solution, resolution

③ 解散【かいさん】 • breakup, dissolution

③ 回復【かいふく】 • recovery (from illness), improvement, rehabilitation, restoration, convalescence

③ 快適【かいてき】 • pleasant, agreeable, comfortable

③ 害【がい】 • injury, harm, evil influence, damage

③ 各【かく】 • each, every, all

③ 確認【かくにん】 • affirmation, confirmation, validation

③ 覚める【さめる】 • ① to wake, to wake up ② to become sober, to sober up, to regain consciousness (e.g. after anaesthesia) ③ to come to one's senses, to be disillusioned

③ 割る【わる】 • to divide, to cut, to break, to halve, to separate, to split, to rip, to crack, to smash, to dilute

③ 乾燥【かんそう】 • dry, arid, insipid, dehydrated

③ 巻く【まく】 • to wind, to coil, to roll

③ 完成【かんせい】 • ① complete, completion ② perfection, accomplishment

③ 完全【かんぜん】 • perfection, completeness

③ 完了【かんりょう】 • ① completion, conclusion ② perfective (form, aspect)

③ 患者【かんじゃ】 • (a) patient

③ 感覚【かんかく】 • sense, sensation, feeling, intuition

③ 汗【あせ】 • ① sweat, perspiration ② moisture, condensation

③ 管理【かんり】 • control, management (e.g. of a business)

③ 缶【かん】 • can, tin

③ 観察【かんさつ】 • observation, survey

③ 観念【かんねん】 • ① idea, notion, conception ② sense (e.g. of duty) ③ resignation, preparedness, acceptance ④ observation and contemplation

③ 間違い【まちがい】 • mistake

③ 関心【かんしん】 • concern, interest

③ 関連【かんれん】 • relation, connection, relevance

③ 含む【ふくむ】 • ① to contain, to comprise, to have, to hold, to include, to embrace ② to hold in the mouth ③ to bear in mind, to understand, to harbor (grudge, etc.), to harbour ④ to express (emotion, etc.), to imply

③ 願い【ねがい】 • desire, wish, request, prayer, petition, application

③ 願う【ねがう】 • ① to desire, to wish, to hope ② to beg, to request, to implore, to pray ③ to have something done for oneself

③ 希望【きぼう】 • hope, wish, aspiration

③ 機能【きのう】 • function, facility, faculty, feature

③ 帰宅【きたく】 • returning home

③ 気の毒【きのどく】 • pitiful, unfortunate, (a) pity

③ 気候【きこう】 • climate

③ 記念【きねん】 • commemoration, memory

③ 技師【ぎし】 • engineer, technician

③ 疑う【うたがう】 • to doubt, to distrust, to be suspicious of, to suspect

③ 疑問【ぎもん】 • question, problem, doubt, guess

③ 議会【ぎかい】 • Diet, congress, parliament

③ 議長【ぎちょう】 • chairman, speaker (e.g. of assembly), president (e.g. of council, senate, etc.), moderator (e.g. of a newsgroup)

③ 議論【ぎろん】 • argument, discussion, dispute, controversy

③ 詰める【つめる】 • ① to pack, to fill, to plug, to stop up ② to shorten (length or distance), to move over, to make room (for someone) ③ to work out (details)

③ 吸収【きゅうしゅう】 • absorption, suction, attraction

③ 給料【きゅうりょう】 • salary, wages

③ 居間【いま】 • living room (western style)

③ 巨大【きょだい】 • huge, gigantic, enormous

③ 許す【ゆるす】 • ① to permit, to allow, to approve ② to exempt (from fine), to excuse (from), to pardon, to forgive, to release, to let off ③ to confide in ④ to give up, to yield

③ 許可【きょか】 • permission, approval, authorization

③ 供給【きょうきゅう】 • supply, provision

③ 競技【きょうぎ】 • game, match, contest

③ 共通【きょうつう】 • ① commonness, community ② -wide

③ 叫ぶ【さけぶ】 • to shout, to cry

③ 強盗【ごうとう】 • ① robber, mugger ② robbery, burglary

③ 恐らく【おそらく】 • perhaps, likely, probably, I dare say

③ 恐ろしい【おそろしい】 • terrible, dreadful

③ 恐怖【きょうふ】 • fear, dread, dismay, terror

③ 教師【きょうし】 • teacher (classroom)

③ 胸【むね】 • breast, chest

③ 努める【つとめる】 • to endeavor (endeavour), to try, to strive, to make an effort, to exert oneself, to be diligent

③ 禁煙【きんえん】 • ① No Smoking!, Smoking Prohibited! ② abstaining from smoking, quitting smoking

③ 苦痛【くつう】 • pain, agony, bitterness

③ 苦労【くろう】 • troubles, hardships

③ 備える【そなえる】 • ① to furnish, to provide for, to equip, to install ② to have ready, to prepare for ③ to possess, to have, to be endowed with, to be armed with

③ 偶然【ぐうぜん】 • (by) chance, unexpectedly, suddenly, accident, fortuity

③ 掘る【ほる】 • to dig, to excavate

③ 訓練【くんれん】 • practice, practise, training

③ 軍【ぐん】 • army, force, troops

③ 傾向【けいこう】 • tendency, trend, inclination

③ 敬意【けいい】 • respect, honour, honor

③ 景気【けいき】 • condition, state, business (condition)

③ 経つ【たつ】 • to pass, to lapse

③ 経営【けいえい】 • management, administration

③ 経由【けいゆ】 • go by the way, via

③ 警告【けいこく】 • warning, advice

③ 芸術【げいじゅつ】 • (fine) art, the arts

③ 劇【げき】 • ① drama, play ② powerful drug

③ 劇場【げきじょう】 • theatre, theater, playhouse

③ 欠席【けっせき】 • absence, non-attendance

③ 券【けん】 • ticket, coupon, bond, certificate

③ 建設【けんせつ】 • construction, establishment

③ 建築【けんちく】 • construction, architecture

③ 権利【けんり】 • right, privilege

③ 肩【かた】 • shoulder

③ 見解【けんかい】 • opinion, point of view

③ 賢い【かしこい】 • wise, clever, smart

③ 減らす【へらす】 • to abate, to decrease, to diminish, to shorten

③ 減る【へる】 • to decrease (in size or number), to diminish, to abate

③ 現れる【あらわれる】 • ① to appear, to come in sight, to become visible, to come out, to embody, to materialize, to materialise ② to be expressed (e.g. emotions), to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)

③ 現金【げんきん】 • cash, ready money, mercenary, self-interested

③ 現在【げんざい】 • now, current, present, present time, as of

③ 現実【げんじつ】 • reality

③ 現象【げんしょう】 • phenomenon

③ 現場【げんば】 • actual spot, scene, scene of the crime

③ 現状【げんじょう】 • present condition, existing state, status quo

③ 現代【げんだい】 • nowadays, modern era, modern times, present-day

③ 限り【かぎり】 • ① limit, limits, bounds ② degree, extent, scope ③ as far as possible, as much as possible, to the best of one's ability ④ unless (after neg. verb) ⑤ the end, the last

③ 限る【かぎる】 • to restrict, to limit, to confine

③ 限界【げんかい】 • limit, bound

③ 個人【こじん】 • individual, private person, personal, private

③ 呼び出す【よびだす】 • ① to summon, to call (e.g. phone), to convene, to decoy, to lure ② to invoke (e.g. subroutine), to call

③ 呼吸【こきゅう】 • ① breath, respiration ② knack, trick, secret (of doing something)

③ 枯れる【かれる】 • to wither (plant), to be blasted, to die

③ 互い【たがい】 • mutual, reciprocal

③ 誤り【あやまり】 • error, mistake, slip, bug

③ 誤解【ごかい】 • misunderstanding

③ 交換【こうかん】 • exchange, interchange, switching, reciprocity, barter, substitution, replacement, clearing (of checks, cheques)

③ 交際【こうさい】 • company, friendship, association, society, acquaintance

③ 光景【こうけい】 • scene, spectacle

③ 公務員【こうむいん】 • government worker, public (civil) servant

③ 効果【こうか】 • effect, effectiveness, efficacy, result

③ 好み【このみ】 • liking, taste, choice

③ 好む【このむ】 • to like, to prefer

③ 広告【こうこく】 • advertisement

③ 更に【さらに】 • furthermore, again, after all, more and more, moreover

③ 構う【かまう】 • ① to mind, to care about, to be concerned about ② to care for, to look after ③ to prepare for ④ to intefere with, to meddle in ⑤ to tease

③ 構成【こうせい】 • organization, organisation, configuration, composition

③ 硬い【かたい】 • ① hard, solid, tough ② stiff, tight, wooden, unpolished (e.g. writing) ③ strong, firm (not viscous or easily moved) ④ safe, steady, honest, steadfast ⑤ obstinate, stubborn ⑥ bookish, formal, stuffy

③ 航空【こうくう】 • aviation, flying

③ 荒れる【あれる】 • to be stormy, to be rough, to lose one's temper

③ 講演【こうえん】 • lecture, address, speech

③ 合格【ごうかく】 • success, passing (e.g. exam), eligibility

③ 刻む【きざむ】 • to mince, to carve, to engrave, to cut fine, to chop up, to hash, to chisel, to notch

③ 国境【こっきょう】 • national or state border

③ 国民【こくみん】 • nation, nationality, people, citizen

③ 腰【こし】 • ① back, lower back, waist, hips, lumbar region ② body (of hair, noodle, paper, etc.), resilience, spring

③ 骨折【こっせつ】 • bone fracture

③ 困難【こんなん】 • difficulty, distress

③ 婚約【こんやく】 • engagement, betrothal

③ 混雑【こんざつ】 • confusion, congestion

③ 混乱【こんらん】 • disorder, chaos, confusion, mayhem

③ 差【さ】 • difference, variation

③ 差す【さす】 • ① to raise (e.g. hands, umbrella), to stretch out ② to be tinged ③ to wear at one's side (e.g. sword) ④ to shine ⑤ to provoke a feeling

③ 差別【さべつ】 • discrimination, distinction, differentiation

③ 座席【ざせき】 • seat

③ 再び【ふたたび】 • again, once more, a second time

③ 最も【もっとも】 • most, extremely

③ 最高【さいこう】 • highest, supreme, the most

③ 最終【さいしゅう】 • last, final, closing

③ 最低【さいてい】 • ① least, lowest, worst ② nasty, disgusting, horrible, yuck!

③ 済ませる【すませる】 • to finish, to make an end of, to get through with, to let end

③ 際【さい】 • on the occasion of, circumstances

③ 材料【ざいりょう】 • ingredients, material

③ 財産【ざいさん】 • property, fortune, assets

③ 作成【さくせい】 • framing, drawing up, making, producing, creating, creation, preparing, writing

③ 札【さつ】 • note, paper money

③ 殺す【ころす】 • to kill

③ 散歩【さんぽ】 • walk, stroll

③ 賛成【さんせい】 • approval, agreement, support, favour, favor

③ 伺う【うかがう】 • ① to visit, to ask, to inquire, to hear, to be told ② to implore (a god for an oracle), to seek direction (from your superior) ③ to visit ④ to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.)

③ 刺す【さす】 • to pierce, to stab, to prick, to thrust, to bite, to sting, to pin down, to stitch, to put (a runner) out, to pole (a boat), to catch (with a line), to stick

③ 支える【ささえる】 • ① to support, to prop, to sustain, to underlay, to hold up ② to hold at bay, to stem, to check

③ 支給【しきゅう】 • provision, supply, payment, allowance, grant

③ 支出【ししゅつ】 • expenditure, expenses

③ 支店【してん】 • branch store (office)

③ 支配【しはい】 • rule, control, direction

③ 支払う【しはらう】 • to pay

③ 死亡【しぼう】 • death, mortality

③ 資料【しりょう】 • materials, data, document

③ 事件【じけん】 • event, affair, incident, case, plot, trouble, scandal

③ 事務【じむ】 • business, office work

③ 似合う【にあう】 • to suit, to match, to become, to be like

③ 時刻【じこく】 • instant, time, moment

③ 示す【しめす】 • to denote, to show, to point out, to indicate, to exemplify

③ 自殺【じさつ】 • suicide

③ 辞める【やめる】 • to resign, to retire, to quit, to leave (one's job, etc.)

③ 失う【うしなう】 • to lose, to part with

③ 失業【しつぎょう】 • unemployment

③ 失望【しつぼう】 • disappointment, despair

③ 湿気【しっけ】 • moisture, humidity, dampness

③ 実現【じつげん】 • implementation (e.g. of a system), materialization, materialisation, realization, realisation

③ 実際【じっさい】 • ① practicality, practical ② reality, actuality, actual conditions ③ bhutakoti (limit of reality)

③ 主婦【しゅふ】 • housewife, mistress (of the house), homemaker

③ 主要【しゅよう】 • chief, main, principal, major

③ 手段【しゅだん】 • means, way, measure

③ 種類【しゅるい】 • ① variety, kind, type, category ② counter for different sorts of things

③ 収入【しゅうにゅう】 • income, receipts, revenue

③ 周囲【しゅうい】 • ① surroundings, environs ② circumference

③ 周辺【しゅうへん】 • ① circumference, outskirts, environs, around, in the area of, in the vicinity of ② (computer) peripheral

③ 集団【しゅうだん】 • group, mass

③ 住宅【じゅうたく】 • residence, housing, residential building

③ 住民【じゅうみん】 • citizens, inhabitants, residents, population

③ 重要【じゅうよう】 • important, momentous, essential, principal, major

③ 宿泊【しゅくはく】 • lodging

③ 祝い【いわい】 • congratulation, congratulations, celebration, festival, congratulatory gift

③ 祝う【いわう】 • to congratulate, to celebrate

③ 出席【しゅっせき】 • ① attendance, presence, appearance ② to attend, to be present, to appear

③ 出版【しゅっぱん】 • publication

③ 述べる【のべる】 • to state, to express, to mention

③ 順【じゅん】 • order, turn

③ 順調【じゅんちょう】 • favourable, favorable, doing well, OK, all right

③ 順番【じゅんばん】 • turn (in line), order of things, sequential order

③ 処理【しょり】 • processing, dealing with, treatment, disposition, disposal

③ 署名【しょめい】 • signature

③ 諸【しょ】 • various, many, several

③ 女優【じょゆう】 • actress

③ 除く【のぞく】 • to remove, to exclude, to except

③ 床【ゆか】 • ① floor ② stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player) ③ dining platform built across a river

③ 承認【しょうにん】 • recognition, acknowledgement, acknowledgment, approval, consent, agreement

③ 招く【まねく】 • to invite

③ 照らす【てらす】 • to shine on, to illuminate

③ 省く【はぶく】 • to omit, to eliminate, to curtail, to economize, to economise

③ 笑顔【えがお】 • smiling face, smile

③ 象【ぞう】 • elephant

③ 賞【しょう】 • prize, award

③ 昇る【のぼる】 • ① to ascend, to go up, to climb ② to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the sun), to rise ③ to go to (the capital) ④ to be promoted ⑤ to add up to ⑥ to advance (in price) ⑦ to swim up (a river), to sail up ⑧ to come up (on the agenda)

③ 上達【じょうたつ】 • improvement, advance, progress

③ 常識【じょうしき】 • common knowledge, conventional wisdom, general knowledge, common sense

③ 情報【じょうほう】 • ① news, gossip, (military) intelligence ② information (data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.)

③ 状況【じょうきょう】 • state of affairs (around you), situation, circumstances

③ 職【しょく】 • employment

③ 職業【しょくぎょう】 • occupation, business

③ 職場【しょくば】 • one's post, place of work, workplace

③ 触れる【ふれる】 • ① to touch, to feel ② to experience, to come in contact with, to be emotionally moved (by), to perceive ③ to touch on a subject, to allude to ④ to be in conflict (with), to violate (law, copyright, etc.) ⑤ to proclaim

③ 食欲【しょくよく】 • appetite (for food)

③ 伸びる【のびる】 • ① to stretch, to extend, to lengthen, to spread ② to make progress, to grow (beard, body height) ③ to grow stale (soba) ④ to be straightened, to be flattened, to be smoothed ⑤ to be exhausted ⑥ to be postponed, to be prolonged

③ 信じる【しんじる】 • to believe, to believe in, to place trust in, to confide in, to have faith in

③ 信号【しんごう】 • traffic lights, signal, semaphore

③ 信用【しんよう】 • confidence, dependence, credit, faith, reliance, belief, credence

③ 信頼【しんらい】 • reliance, trust, faith, confidence

③ 心臓【しんぞう】 • heart

③ 深刻【しんこく】 • serious

③ 申し込む【もうしこむ】 • to apply for, to make an application, to propose (marriage), to offer (mediation), to make an overture (of peace), to challenge, to lodge (objections), to request (an interview), to subscribe for, to book, to reserve

③ 真似【まね】 • mimicry, imitation, behavior, behaviour, pretense, pretence

③ 神経【しんけい】 • nerve, sensitivity

③ 針【はり】 • ① needle, pin, hook ② stinger, thorn ③ hand (e.g. clock, etc.), pointer ④ staple (for a stapler) ⑤ needlework, sewing ⑥ malice ⑦ counter for stitches

③ 震える【ふるえる】 • to shiver, to shake, to quake, to tremble, to quaver, to quiver

③ 人種【じんしゅ】 • race (of people)

③ 制限【せいげん】 • restriction, restraint, limitation, limit

③ 制度【せいど】 • system, institution, organization, organisation

③ 性【せい】 • ① nature (of a person) ② sex ③ gender ④ -ty (suffix indicating quality or condition), -ity, -ness

③ 性格【せいかく】 • character, personality

③ 性質【せいしつ】 • nature, property, disposition

③ 成人【せいじん】 • ① adult ② to grow up, to mature ③ to come of age

③ 成績【せいせき】 • results, record, grades

③ 成長【せいちょう】 • growth, grow to adulthood

③ 政府【せいふ】 • government, administration

③ 生産【せいさん】 • production, manufacture

③ 精神【せいしん】 • mind, soul, heart, spirit, intention

③ 税金【ぜいきん】 • tax, duty

③ 積む【つむ】 • to pile up, to stack, to load (car, ship, etc.), to pack

③ 積もる【つもる】 • ① to pile up, to accumulate ② to estimate

③ 責める【せめる】 • to condemn, to blame, to criticize, to criticise

③ 責任【せきにん】 • ① duty, responsibility (incl. supervision of staff) ② liability, onus

③ 跡【あと】 • ① trace, tracks, mark, sign ② remains, ruins ③ scar

③ 接する【せっする】 • ① to come in contact with, to touch, to connect (with) ② to attend (to) ③ to receive (visitors)

③ 設計【せっけい】 • plan, design, layout

③ 設備【せつび】 • equipment, device, facilities, installation

③ 説【せつ】 • theory

③ 絶えず【たえず】 • constantly, always, continually, steadily

③ 絶対【ぜったい】 • ① absolutely, unconditionally ② absolute, unconditional, unmistakable ③ absoluteness

③ 占める【しめる】 • ① to comprise (some part of the whole), to account for, to make up (of) ② to hold, to occupy

③ 河【かわ】 • ① river, stream ② the .... river, (suffix used with the names of rivers)

③ 双子【ふたご】 • twins, a twin

③ 想像【そうぞう】 • imagination, guess

③ 相続【そうぞく】 • succession, inheritance

③ 相変わらず【あいかわらず】 • as ever, as usual, the same

③ 総【そう】 • whole, all, general, gross

③ 装置【そうち】 • equipment, installation, apparatus, device

③ 増す【ます】 • to increase, to grow

③ 増加【ぞうか】 • increase, increment, addition

③ 憎む【にくむ】 • to hate, to detest

③ 贈る【おくる】 • to send, to give to, to award to, to confer on

③ 存じる【ぞんじる】 • to think, feel, consider, know, etc.

③ 存在【そんざい】 • existence, being

③ 孫【まご】 • grandchild

③ 尊敬【そんけい】 • respect, esteem, reverence, honour, honor

③ 尊重【そんちょう】 • respect, esteem, regard

③ 損【そん】 • loss, disadvantage

③ 損害【そんがい】 • damage, injury, loss

③ 対象【たいしょう】 • target, object (of worship, study, etc.), subject (of taxation, etc.)

③ 大臣【だいじん】 • cabinet minister

③ 大陸【たいりく】 • continent

③ 達する【たっする】 • to reach, to get to

③ 単位【たんい】 • ① unit, denomination ② credit (in school)

③ 単純【たんじゅん】 • simplicity

③ 担当【たんとう】 • (in) charge (of an area of responsibility, but not necessarily supervision of staff)

③ 団体【だんたい】 • organization, organisation, association

③ 知識【ちしき】 • knowledge, information

③ 地位【ちい】 • (social) position, status

③ 地域【ちいき】 • area, region

③ 遅刻【ちこく】 • lateness, late coming

③ 仲【なか】 • relation, relationship

③ 仲間【なかま】 • company, fellow, colleague, associate, comrade, mate, group, circle of friends, partner

③ 仲良し【なかよし】 • intimate friend, close friend, bosom buddy, chum

③ 駐車【ちゅうしゃ】 • parking (e.g. car)

③ 著者【ちょしゃ】 • author (usu. of a particular book, etc.), writer

③ 貯金【ちょきん】 • (bank) savings

③ 調査【ちょうさ】 • investigation, examination, inquiry, enquiry, survey

③ 頂上【ちょうじょう】 • top, summit, peak

③ 直接【ちょくせつ】 • direct, immediate, personal, firsthand

③ 沈む【しずむ】 • to sink, to feel depressed

③ 通り過ぎる【とおりすぎる】 • to pass, to pass through

③ 通過【つうか】 • passage through, transit, passing

③ 底【そこ】 • bottom, sole

③ 程度【ていど】 • degree, amount, grade, standard, of the order of (following a number)

③ 泥【どろ】 • mud

③ 適切【てきせつ】 • pertinent, appropriate, adequate, relevance

③ 適度【てきど】 • moderate

③ 適用【てきよう】 • applying (e.g. a technology), adoption

③ 天候【てんこう】 • weather

③ 努力【どりょく】 • great effort, exertion, endeavour, endeavor, effort

③ 怒鳴る【どなる】 • to shout, to yell

③ 倒す【たおす】 • ① to throw down, to bring down, to blow down, to fell, to knock down ② to kill, to defeat, to beat ③ to overthrow, to trip up, to ruin ④ to leave unpaid, to cheat

③ 党【とう】 • ① party (political) ② faction, -ite

③ 塔【とう】 • tower, pagoda

③ 到着【とうちゃく】 • arrival

③ 頭痛【ずつう】 • headache

③ 動詞【どうし】 • verb

③ 得る【うる】 • ① (after the -masu stem of a verb) to be able to ..., can ... ② to get, to acquire, to obtain, to procure, to earn, to win, to gain, to secure, to attain

③ 得意【とくい】 • ① triumph, prosperity ② pride ③ one's strong point, one's forte, one's specialty ④ frequent customer (client, etc.)

③ 毒【どく】 • poison, toxicant

③ 突っ込む【つっこむ】 • ① to thrust something into something ② to plunge into, to go into deeply ③ to meddle, to interfere ④ to retort ⑤ to riposte

③ 突然【とつぜん】 • abrupt, sudden, unexpected, all at once

③ 届く【とどく】 • ① to reach, to arrive, to get through, to get at ② to be attentive, to pay attention ③ to be delivered, to carry (e.g. sound)

③ 内容【ないよう】 • subject, contents, matter, substance, detail, import

③ 南極【なんきょく】 • ① South Pole ② the Antarctic, Antarctica

③ 日付【ひづけ】 • date, dating

③ 任せる【まかせる】 • ① to entrust (e.g. a task) to another, to leave to ② to passively leave to someone else's facilities ③ to leave to take its natural course ④ to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim) ⑤ to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done

③ 認める【みとめる】 • ① to recognize, to recognise, to appreciate ② to observe, to notice ③ to admit, to approve

③ 熱心【ねっしん】 • zeal, enthusiasm

③ 熱中【ねっちゅう】 • nuts!, enthusiasm, zeal, mania

③ 燃える【もえる】 • to burn, to get fired up

③ 悩む【なやむ】 • to be worried, to be troubled

③ 濃い【こい】 • ① deep (colour), dark ② strong (flavour, smell, etc.) ③ thick (consistency), dense ④ strong (possibility, etc.) ⑤ thick (i.e. "as thick as thieves"), close, deep (love, etc.)

③ 農民【のうみん】 • farmers, peasants

③ 破る【やぶる】 • to tear, to violate, to defeat, to smash, to destroy, to break (e.g. password)

③ 破産【はさん】 • bankruptcy, insolvency

③ 配達【はいたつ】 • delivery, distribution

③ 爆発【ばくはつ】 • explosion, detonation, eruption

③ 肌【はだ】 • ① skin ② body (in the context of intimate bodily contact) ③ surface, grain (e.g. of wood), texture ④ disposition, temperament, character, type

③ 発達【はったつ】 • development, growth

③ 髪の毛【かみのけ】 • hair (head)

③ 抜く【ぬく】 • ① to extract, to omit, to surpass, to overtake, to draw out, to unplug ② to do something to the end

③ 抜ける【ぬける】 • ① to come out, to fall out, to be omitted, to be missing, to escape ② to exit (a program loop)

③ 判断【はんだん】 • judgement, judgment, decision, adjudication, conclusion, decipherment, divination

③ 犯罪【はんざい】 • crime

③ 販売【はんばい】 • sales, selling, marketing

③ 否定【ひてい】 • ① negation, denial, repudiation ② NOT operation

③ 悲劇【ひげき】 • tragedy, disaster

③ 疲れ【つかれ】 • tiredness, fatigue

③ 皮膚【ひふ】 • skin

③ 被る【かぶる】 • ① to wear (on head, usu. one's own), to put on (over head, usu. one's own), to crown (oneself) ② to pour or dash water, dust, etc. (on oneself) ③ to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.) ④ to overlap

③ 被害【ひがい】 • damage

③ 非【ひ】 • ① fault, error, mistake ② going poorly, being disadvantageous, being unfavorable ③ un-, non-

③ 非常【ひじょう】 • emergency, extraordinary, unusual

③ 必ずしも【かならずしも】 • (not) always, (not) necessarily, (not) all, (not) entirely

③ 表現【ひょうげん】 • ① expression, presentation ② representation, notation

③ 貧しい【まずしい】 • poor, needy

③ 瓶【びん】 • bottle

③ 不思議【ふしぎ】 • wonder, miracle, strange, mystery, marvel, curiosity

③ 不利【ふり】 • disadvantage, handicap, unfavorable, unfavourable, drawback

③ 付き合い【つきあい】 • association, socializing, socialising, fellowship

③ 付ける【つける】 • ① to attach, to join, to add, to append, to affix, to stick, to glue, to fasten, to sew on, to apply (ointment) ② to furnish (a house with) ③ to wear, to put on ④ to keep a diary, to make an entry ⑤ to appraise, to set (a price) ⑥ to bring alongside ⑦ to place (under guard or doctor) ⑧ to follow, to shadow ⑨ to load, to give (courage to) ⑩ to keep (an eye on) ⑪ to establish (relations or understanding) ⑫ to turn on (light)

③ 夫妻【ふさい】 • man and wife, married couple

③ 夫人【ふじん】 • wife, Mrs, madam

③ 婦人【ふじん】 • woman, lady, adult female

③ 布【ぬの】 • ① cloth ② bujian (spade-shaped bronze coin of ancient China)

③ 普段【ふだん】 • usual, habitual, ordinary, everyday, always

③ 浮かべる【うかべる】 • ① to float ② to express, to look (sad, glad) ③ to think, to imagine, to remember

③ 舞台【ぶたい】 • ① stage (theatre, theater) ② scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)

③ 風景【ふうけい】 • scenery

③ 幅【はば】 • width, breadth

③ 服装【ふくそう】 • garments, attire

③ 腹【はら】 • ① abdomen, belly, stomach ② one's mind, one's real intentions, one's true motive ③ loop (physics) ④ counter for hard roe

③ 閉じる【とじる】 • to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.), to shut

③ 変化【へんか】 • ① change, variation, alteration, mutation, transition, transformation, transfiguration, metamorphosis ② variety, diversity ③ inflection, declension, conjugation ④ sidestepping (sumo)

③ 変更【へんこう】 • change, modification, alteration, revision, amendment

③ 編む【あむ】 • ① to knit, to plait, to braid ② to compile (anthology, dictionary, etc.), to edit

③ 便【びん】 • ① flight (e.g. airline flight), trip (e.g. train trip), service ② mail, post, letter ③ opportunity, chance

③ 便り【たより】 • ① news, tidings, information, correspondence, letter ② news from ...

③ 捕まる【つかまる】 • ① to be caught, to be arrested ② to hold on to, to grasp ③ to find (e.g. proof), to get (e.g. a taxi) ④ to be detained by

③ 暮らし【くらし】 • living, livelihood, subsistence, circumstances

③ 暮らす【くらす】 • ① to live, to get along ② to spend (time)

③ 報告【ほうこく】 • report, information

③ 宝【たから】 • treasure

③ 宝石【ほうせき】 • gem, jewel

③ 抱える【かかえる】 • ① to hold or carry under or in the arms ② to have (esp. problems, debts, etc.) ③ to employ, to engage, to hire

③ 方針【ほうしん】 • objective, plan, policy

③ 方法【ほうほう】 • method, process, manner, way, means, technique

③ 法【ほう】 • ① law, act, principle ② method ③ mood ④ dharma

③ 法則【ほうそく】 • law, rule

③ 訪問【ほうもん】 • call, visit

③ 豊か【ゆたか】 • abundant, wealthy, plentiful, rich, affluent

③ 豊富【ほうふ】 • abundance, wealth, plenty, bounty

③ 棒【ぼう】 • pole, rod, stick

③ 埋める【うめる】 • ① to bury (e.g. in the ground) ② to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall), to fill (a seat, a vacant position) ③ to plug gaps, to stop a gap ④ to make amends, to cover up for something ⑤ to put cold water in a bath ⑥ to cover, to scatter something over

③ 未来【みらい】 • ① the future (usually distant) ② future tense ③ the world to come

③ 夢中【むちゅう】 • daze, (in a) trance, ecstasy, delirium, engrossment, within a (deep) dream

③ 命令【めいれい】 • ① order, command, decree, directive ② (software) instruction, statement

③ 綿【めん】 • cotton

③ 面接【めんせつ】 • interview

③ 面倒【めんどう】 • trouble, difficulty, care, attention

③ 毛布【もうふ】 • blanket

③ 戻す【もどす】 • to restore, to put back, to return, to give back

③ 役割【やくわり】 • part, assigning (allotment of) parts, role, duties

③ 約【やく】 • ① approximately, about ② promise ③ shortening, reduction, simplification ④ contraction (in phonetics)

③ 輸入【ゆにゅう】 • importation, import, introduction

③ 優れる【すぐれる】 • to surpass, to outstrip, to excel

③ 優勝【ゆうしょう】 • overall victory, championship

③ 勇気【ゆうき】 • courage, bravery, valour, valor, nerve, boldness

③ 有効【ゆうこう】 • validity, legality, availability, effectiveness

③ 郵送【ゆうそう】 • mailing

③ 予測【よそく】 • prediction, estimation

③ 余る【あまる】 • to remain, to be left over, to be in excess, to be too many

③ 余計【よけい】 • too much, unnecessary, extraneous, abundance, surplus, excess, superfluity

③ 余分【よぶん】 • extra, excess, surplus

③ 与える【あたえる】 • ① to give (esp. to someone of lower status), to bestow, to grant, to confer, to present, to award ② to provide, to afford, to offer, to supply ③ to assign ④ to cause ⑤ to pass (a variable to a function)

③ 預かる【あずかる】 • ① to look after, to take care of, to keep, to hold on to, to keep in custody ② to take charge of, to be entrusted with, to receive on deposit ③ to reserve (judgment), to leave undecided

③ 預ける【あずける】 • ① to give into custody, to leave (a child) in the care of, to entrust, to deposit ② to lean on, to put one's weight on

③ 幼い【おさない】 • ① very young ② childish, immature

③ 幼児【ようじ】 • infant, baby, child

③ 容易【ようい】 • easy, simple, plain

③ 溶ける【とける】 • to melt, to thaw, to fuse, to dissolve

③ 要するに【ようするに】 • in a word, after all, the point is ..., in short ...

③ 要求【ようきゅう】 • demand, firm request, requisition, requirement, desire

③ 要点【ようてん】 • gist, main point

③ 要領【ようりょう】 • ① point, gist, essentials, tenets, outline ② knack, trick, the ropes

③ 理解【りかい】 • understanding, comprehension, appreciation, sympathy

③ 裏切る【うらぎる】 • to betray, to turn traitor to, to double-cross

③ 陸【りく】 • land, shore

③ 両替【りょうがえ】 • change, money exchange

③ 輪【わ】 • ① ring, circle, loop ② hoop ③ wheel

③ 涙【なみだ】 • ① tear, tears, lachrymal secretion ② sympathy

③ 冷静【れいせい】 • calm, composure, coolness, serenity

③ 恋【こい】 • love, tender passion

③ 恋人【こいびと】 • lover, sweetheart

③ 連想【れんそう】 • association (of ideas), suggestion

③ 連続【れんぞく】 • serial, consecutive, continuity, occurring in succession, continuing

③ 老人【ろうじん】 • the aged, old person

③ 論じる【ろんじる】 • to argue, to discuss, to debate

③ 論争【ろんそう】 • controversy, dispute

③ 論文【ろんぶん】 • thesis, essay, treatise, paper, article

③ 永久【えいきゅう】 • ① eternity, perpetuity, immortality ② Eikyuu era (1113.7.13-1118.4.3)

③ 居る【おる】 • ① to be (animate), to be, to exist ② (after the -te form of a verb) verb indicating continuing action or state (i.e. to be ..ing) ③ (after -masu base of verb) indicates contempt or disdain for another's actions

③ 最中【さいちゅう】 • in the middle of, height of, in course of, midst

③ 鈍い【にぶい】 • dull (e.g. a knife), thickheaded, obtuse, slow, stupid

③ 燃やす【もやす】 • to burn

③ 夫婦【ふうふ】 • married couple, spouses, husband and wife, couple, pair

③ 平均【へいきん】 • ① average, mean ② balance, equilibrium

③ 抱く【いだく】 • ① to embrace, to hold in the arms (e.g. a baby), to hug ② to harbour (e.g. grudge) (harbor), to bear (e.g. a grudge), to entertain (e.g. suspicion) ③ to sleep with ④ to sit on eggs

③ 痛み【いたみ】 • pain, ache, sore, grief, distress

③ 位置【いち】 • place, situation, position, location

③ 得る【える】 • ① to get, to acquire, to obtain, to procure, to earn, to win, to gain, to secure, to attain ② (after the -masu stem of a verb) to be able to ..., can ...

③ 収める【おさめる】 • ① to dedicate, to make an offering, to pay (fees) ② to supply ③ to store ④ to finish, to bring to a close ⑤ to restore (something to its place) ⑥ to achieve (e.g. a result)

③ 恐れる【おそれる】 • to fear, to be afraid of

③ 降ろす【おろす】 • ① to take down (e.g. flag), to launch (e.g. boat), to drop, to lower (e.g. ladder), to let (a person) off, to unload, to discharge ② to drop off (a passenger from a vehicle), to let (a person) off ③ to withdraw money from an account ④ to wear (clothing) for the first time ⑤ to fillet (e.g. a fish)

③ 替える【かえる】 • ① to replace ② to exchange, to interchange ③ to substitute

③ 香り【かおり】 • aroma, fragrance, scent, smell

③ 乾杯【かんぱい】 • ① toast, drink (in celebration or in honor of something) ② drinking one's glass dry ③ cheers

③ 効く【きく】 • ① to be effective, to show effect ② to do its work, to carry out its function well ③ to be possible to use

③ 気付く【きづく】 • to notice, to recognize, to recognise, to become aware of, to perceive, to realize, to realise

③ 寄付【きふ】 • contribution, donation

③ 越える【こえる】 • ① to cross over, to cross, to pass through, to pass over (out of) ② to exceed

③ 凍る【こおる】 • to freeze, to be frozen over, to congeal

③ 捜す【さがす】 • to search (for something lost), to seek (a suspect in a crime)

③ 戦い【たたかい】 • battle, fight, struggle, conflict

③ 戦う【たたかう】 • to fight, to battle, to combat, to struggle against, to wage war, to engage in contest

③ 頼る【たよる】 • to rely on, to have recourse to, to depend on

③ 手続き【てつづき】 • procedure, (legal) process, formalities

③ 飛び込む【とびこむ】 • to jump in, to leap in, to plunge into, to dive

③ 年齢【ねんれい】 • age, years

③ 伸ばす【のばす】 • ① to grow long (beard, hair, etc.) ② to lengthen, to extend, to stretch ③ to reach out, to hold out ④ to straighten, to smooth out ⑤ to spread evenly (dough, cream, etc.) ⑥ to dilute, to thin out ⑦ to postpone ⑧ to prolong ⑨ to strengthen, to develop, to expand

③ 必死【ひっし】 • ① frantic, desperate ② inevitable death ③ brinkmate (inevitable checkmate) (shogi)

③ 雇う【やとう】 • ① to employ ② to hire, to charter

③ 郵便【ゆうびん】 • mail, postal service

③ 有利【ゆうり】 • advantageous, better, profitable, lucrative

③ 喜び【よろこび】 • joy, delight, rapture, pleasure, gratification, rejoicing, congratulations, felicitations

③ 労働【ろうどう】 • ① manual labor, manual labour, toil, work ② Labour Party

③ 泊【はく】 • counter for nights of a stay

③ 最【さい】 • ① the most, the extreme ② prime, conspicuous

③ 論【ろん】 • ① argument, discussion, dispute, controversy, discourse, debate ② theory, doctrine ③ essay, treatise, comment

③ お互い【おたがい】 • mutual, reciprocal, each other

③ 税【ぜい】 • tax

③ 悪魔【あくま】 • devil, demon, fiend, Satan, evil spirit

③ 握る【にぎる】 • to grasp, to seize, to mould sushi, to mold sushi

③ 握手【あくしゅ】 • handshake

③ 扱う【あつかう】 • to handle, to deal with, to treat

③ 案【あん】 • ① idea, plan, thought ② draft plan, motion, rough copy ③ expectation

③ 意志【いし】 • will, volition, intention, intent, determination

③ 慰める【なぐさめる】 • to comfort, to console, to amuse

③ 異なる【ことなる】 • to differ, to vary, to disagree

③ 異常【いじょう】 • strangeness, abnormality, disorder

③ 維持【いじ】 • maintenance, preservation, improvement

③ 井戸【いど】 • water well

③ 一瞬【いっしゅん】 • moment, instant

③ 一斉【いっせい】 • simultaneous, all at once

③ 一致【いっち】 • ① coincidence, agreement, union, match ② conformity, consistency ③ cooperation

③ 稲【いね】 • rice-plant

③ 隠す【かくす】 • to hide, to conceal

③ 隠れる【かくれる】 • to hide, to be hidden, to conceal oneself, to disappear

③ 宇宙【うちゅう】 • universe, cosmos, space

③ 運命【うんめい】 • fate

③ 影響【えいきょう】 • influence, effect

③ 栄養【えいよう】 • nutrition, nourishment

③ 援助【えんじょ】 • assistance, aid, support

③ 猿【さる】 • ① monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata) ② sly person ③ sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut) ④ clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook

③ 遠慮【えんりょ】 • diffidence, restraint, reserve, discretion, tact, thoughtfulness

③ 汚染【おせん】 • pollution, contamination

③ 応じる【おうじる】 • to respond, to satisfy, to accept, to comply with, to apply for

③ 応募【おうぼ】 • subscription, application

③ 殴る【なぐる】 • to strike, to hit

③ 沖【おき】 • open sea

③ 温暖【おんだん】 • warmth

③ 穏やか【おだやか】 • calm, gentle, quiet

③ 価格【かかく】 • price, value, cost

③ 価値【かち】 • value, worth, merit

③ 家賃【やちん】 • rent

③ 火災【かさい】 • conflagration, fire

③ 稼ぐ【かせぐ】 • to earn income, to labor, to labour

③ 蚊【か】 • mosquito

③ 我慢【がまん】 • patience, endurance, perseverance, tolerance, self-control, self-denial

③ 芽【め】 • sprout

③ 解釈【かいしゃく】 • explanation, interpretation

③ 怪我【けが】 • injury (to animate object), hurt

③ 悔やむ【くやむ】 • ① to mourn, to lament ② to be sorry, to regret, to repent

③ 懐かしい【なつかしい】 • dear, desired, missed

③ 改善【かいぜん】 • ① betterment, improvement ② kaizen (Japanese business philosophy of continuous improvement)

③ 街【がい】 • .. street, .. quarter, .. district

③ 拡大【かくだい】 • magnification, enlargement, expansion

③ 覚悟【かくご】 • resolution, resignation, readiness, preparedness

③ 株【かぶ】 • share, stock, stump (of tree)

③ 勘定【かんじょう】 • calculation, counting, consideration, reckoning, settlement of an account, allowance

③ 感謝【かんしゃ】 • thanks, gratitude

③ 歓迎【かんげい】 • welcome, reception

③ 環境【かんきょう】 • environment, circumstance

③ 監督【かんとく】 • ① supervision, control, superintendence, direction ② director, superintendent, supervisor, coach, foreman, manager, overseer, controller, boss

③ 企業【きぎょう】 • enterprise, undertaking, corporation, business

③ 器用【きよう】 • skillful, handy

③ 基礎【きそ】 • foundation, basis

③ 基本【きほん】 • foundation, basis, standard

③ 奇妙【きみょう】 • strange, queer, curious

③ 既に【すでに】 • already, too late

③ 機嫌【きげん】 • humour, humor, temper, mood

③ 記憶【きおく】 • ① memory, recollection, remembrance ② storage

③ 貴重【きちょう】 • precious, valuable

③ 輝く【かがやく】 • to shine, to glitter, to sparkle

③ 鬼【おに】 • ① ogre, demon ② spirit of a deceased person ③ ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.) ④ it (i.e. in a game of tag) ⑤ Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

③ 儀式【ぎしき】 • ceremony, rite, ritual, service

③ 義務【ぎむ】 • duty, obligation, responsibility

③ 休暇【きゅうか】 • holiday, day off, furlough, absence (from work)

③ 休憩【きゅうけい】 • rest, break, recess, intermission

③ 急激【きゅうげき】 • sudden, precipitous, radical

③ 救う【すくう】 • to rescue from, to help out of, to save

③ 救助【きゅうじょ】 • relief, aid, rescue

③ 教授【きょうじゅ】 • ① professor ② teaching, instruction

③ 狂う【くるう】 • ① to go mad ② to get out of order, to go amiss

③ 響く【ひびく】 • ① to resound, to be heard far away ② to reverberate, to shake, to vibrate ③ to come (home), to remain (with someone) ④ to have an affect, to make an impression

③ 筋【すじ】 • ① muscle ② string, sinew, line, stripe ③ plot, plan ④ source (of business information) ⑤ reason, logic

③ 筋肉【きんにく】 • muscle, sinew

③ 緊張【きんちょう】 • tension, mental strain, nervousness

③ 金銭【きんせん】 • money, cash

③ 金属【きんぞく】 • metal

③ 金融【きんゆう】 • financing, credit transacting, loaning of money, circulation of money

③ 繰り返す【くりかえす】 • to repeat, to do something over again

③ 軍隊【ぐんたい】 • army, troops

③ 刑事【けいじ】 • ① (police) detective ② criminal matter

③ 契約【けいやく】 • contract, compact, agreement

③ 掲示【けいじ】 • notice, bulletin, post, posting, placard

③ 撃つ【うつ】 • ① to shoot (at) ② to attack, to defeat, to destroy, to avenge

③ 傑作【けっさく】 • ① masterpiece, best work ② blunder, boner

③ 欠陥【けっかん】 • ① defect, fault, deficiency, deformity ② shortage, gap

③ 穴【あな】 • ① hole ② deficit, shortage, missing person (in a team, meeting, etc.) ③ vacancy, opening ④ flaw ⑤ profitable place (or item, etc.) not well known by others ⑥ upset victory (with a large payoff)

③ 結ぶ【むすぶ】 • ① to tie, to bind, to link ② to bear (fruit)

③ 結果【けっか】 • ① result, consequence, outcome, effect ② coming to fruition, bearing fruit

③ 結局【けっきょく】 • after all, eventually, in the end

③ 結論【けつろん】 • conclusion

③ 件【けん】 • matter, case, item

③ 健康【けんこう】 • health, sound, wholesome

③ 兼ねる【かねる】 • ① to be unable to (usu. kana), to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do (usu. kana) ② to simultaneously serve two or more functions or roles, to contain (or combine) two or more features ③ to simultaneously work in two or more jobs (positions, etc.), to do alongside ④ to hesitate to do something (out of consideration for others) ⑤ to think of the future (as well as the present)

③ 嫌う【きらう】 • to hate, to dislike, to loathe

③ 憲法【けんぽう】 • constitution

③ 懸命【けんめい】 • eagerness, earnestness, risking one's life

③ 検査【けんさ】 • inspection (e.g. customs, factory), examination, scan (e.g. MRI, PET, etc.)

③ 検討【けんとう】 • consideration, examination, investigation, study, scrutiny, discussion

③ 原稿【げんこう】 • manuscript, copy

③ 虎【とら】 • ① tiger (feline, Panthera tigris) ② trouble

③ 誇り【ほこり】 • pride, boast

③ 慌てる【あわてる】 • ① to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised), to be flustered, to panic ② to be in a hurry, to rush

③ 攻撃【こうげき】 • attack, strike, offensive, criticism, censure

③ 考慮【こうりょ】 • consideration, taking into account

③ 行儀【ぎょうぎ】 • manners, behavior, behaviour

③ 貢献【こうけん】 • contribution, services

③ 高価【こうか】 • high price

③ 豪華【ごうか】 • wonderful, gorgeous, splendor, splendour, pomp, extravagance

③ 克服【こくふく】 • subjugation, conquest, victory

③ 穀物【こくもつ】 • grain, cereal, corn

③ 裁判【さいばん】 • trial, judgement, judgment

③ 酸素【さんそ】 • oxygen

③ 姿【すがた】 • figure, shape, appearance

③ 死【し】 • death, decease

③ 至る【いたる】 • ① to arrive at (e.g. a decision), to reach (a stage), to attain ② to lead to (a place), to get to

③ 詩人【しじん】 • poet

③ 資源【しげん】 • resources

③ 飼う【かう】 • to keep, to raise, to feed

③ 事業【じぎょう】 • project, enterprise, business, industry, operations

③ 次第【しだい】 • ① dependent upon ② as soon as, immediately (upon) ③ circumstances ④ order, precedence, program, programme, agenda

③ 自慢【じまん】 • pride, boast

③ 実施【じっし】 • enforcement, implementation, putting into practice (practise), carrying out, operation, working (e.g. working parameters), enactment

③ 芝居【しばい】 • play, drama

③ 芝生【しばふ】 • lawn

③ 主義【しゅぎ】 • doctrine, rule, principle

③ 主張【しゅちょう】 • claim, request, insistence, assertion, advocacy, emphasis, contention, opinion, tenet

③ 種【しゅ】 • ① kind, variety ② (biological) species ③ (logical) species

③ 需要【じゅよう】 • demand, request

③ 収穫【しゅうかく】 • harvest, crop, ingathering

③ 宗教【しゅうきょう】 • religion

③ 就く【つく】 • ① to ascend (the throne), to accede ② to take (seat, position, course, etc.), to assume ③ to start (on a journey), to commence, to depart ④ to study (under teacher), to be an apprentice

③ 就職【しゅうしょく】 • finding employment, inauguration

③ 修正【しゅうせい】 • amendment, correction, revision, modification, alteration, retouching, update, fix

③ 修理【しゅうり】 • repairing, mending, servicing

③ 臭い【くさい】 • ① stinking, smelly ② suspicious, fishy ③ clumsy

③ 従う【したがう】 • to abide (by the rules), to obey, to follow, to accompany

③ 従って【したがって】 • therefore, consequently, in accordance with

③ 渋滞【じゅうたい】 • congestion (e.g. traffic), delay, stagnation

③ 重視【じゅうし】 • importance, stress, serious consideration

③ 銃【じゅう】 • gun, rifle, small arms

③ 出張【しゅっちょう】 • official tour, business trip

③ 瞬間【しゅんかん】 • moment, second, instant

③ 書斎【しょさい】 • a study, library

③ 助け【たすけ】 • assistance

③ 女房【にょうぼう】 • ① wife ② court lady, female court attache, woman who served at the imperial palace

③ 症状【しょうじょう】 • symptoms, condition

③ 衝突【しょうとつ】 • collision, conflict

③ 証明【しょうめい】 • proof, verification

③ 詳しい【くわしい】 • knowing very well, detailed, full, accurate

③ 障害【しょうがい】 • ① obstacle, impediment, hindrance, difficulty, barrier ② handicap, impairment, disability, disorder, malfunction

③ 挙げる【あげる】 • ① to raise, to elevate ② to show someone (into a room) ③ to send someone (away) ④ to increase (price, quality, status, etc.) ⑤ to praise ⑥ to give (an example, etc.), to cite ⑦ to summon up (all of one's energy, etc.) ⑧ to arrest ⑨ to nominate ⑩ to conduct (a ceremony, esp. a wedding)

③ 揚げる【あげる】 • ① to deep-fry ② to raise, to elevate ③ to fly (a kite, etc.), to launch (fireworks, etc.), to surface (a submarine, etc.) ④ to land (a boat) ⑤ to increase (price, quality, status, etc.) ⑥ to earn (something desirable) ⑦ (of the tide) to come in

③ 上司【じょうし】 • superior authorities, boss

③ 冗談【じょうだん】 • jest, joke

③ 条件【じょうけん】 • condition, conditions, term, terms, requirement, requirements

③ 状態【じょうたい】 • current status, condition, situation, circumstances, state

③ 譲る【ゆずる】 • to turn over, to assign, to hand over, to transmit, to convey, to sell, to dispose of, to yield, to surrender

③ 食器【しょっき】 • tableware

③ 食卓【しょくたく】 • dining table

③ 食糧【しょくりょう】 • provisions, rations, food supply

③ 信仰【しんこう】 • (religious) faith, belief, creed

③ 侵入【しんにゅう】 • penetration, invasion, raid, aggression, trespass

③ 唇【くちびる】 • lips

③ 審判【しんぱん】 • refereeing, trial, judgement, judgment, umpire, referee

③ 慎重【しんちょう】 • discretion, prudence, caution, care

③ 振り向く【ふりむく】 • to turn one's face, to turn around, to look over one's shoulder

③ 振る【ふる】 • ① to wave, to shake, to swing ② to sprinkle, to throw (dice) ③ to cast (actor), to allocate (work) ④ to turn down (somebody), to reject, to jilt, to dump ⑤ to abandon, to give up, to ruin ⑥ to add kana indicating a reading of a word ⑦ to slightly change headings, to change directions ⑧ to extract by broiling, to prepare an infusion of, to decoct ⑨ to carry with great vigor (e.g. a portable shrine) ⑩ to bring up the main topic ⑪ to replace, to substitute ⑫ to set up a joke for somebody else

③ 新鮮【しんせん】 • fresh

③ 申し訳【もうしわけ】 • apology, excuse

③ 真剣【しんけん】 • ① seriousness, earnestness ② real sword (as opposed to unsharpened or wooden practice weapon) (practise)

③ 真実【しんじつ】 • truth, reality

③ 診る【みる】 • to examine (medically)

③ 診察【しんさつ】 • medical examination

③ 推薦【すいせん】 • recommendation

③ 睡眠【すいみん】 • sleep

③ 酔う【よう】 • to get drunk, to become intoxicated

③ 世紀【せいき】 • century, era

③ 成功【せいこう】 • success, hit

③ 整理【せいり】 • sorting, arrangement, organization, putting in order, adjustment, regulation, liquidation

③ 清潔【せいけつ】 • ① clean, hygenic, sanitary ② pure, virtuous, immaculate

③ 製造【せいぞう】 • manufacture, production

③ 製品【せいひん】 • manufactured goods, finished goods, product

③ 誓う【ちかう】 • to swear, to vow, to take an oath, to pledge

③ 請求【せいきゅう】 • claim, demand, charge, application, request, billing (for a service)

③ 節約【せつやく】 • economising, saving

③ 説得【せっとく】 • persuasion

③ 絶滅【ぜつめつ】 • destruction, extinction

③ 舌【した】 • ① tongue ② tongue-like object, clapper (of a bell), talon (of a lock)

③ 専攻【せんこう】 • major subject, special study

③ 選択【せんたく】 • selection, choice, option

③ 善【ぜん】 • good, goodness, right, virtue

③ 素敵【すてき】 • lovely, dreamy, beautiful, great, fantastic, superb, cool, capital

③ 組織【そしき】 • ① organization, organisation ② structure, construction ③ tissue ④ system

③ 訴える【うったえる】 • ① to sue (a person), to take someone to court ② to resort to (e.g. arms, violence) ③ to appeal to, to call for ④ to raise, to bring to (someone's attention) ⑤ to complain

③ 喪失【そうしつ】 • loss, forfeit

③ 操作【そうさ】 • ① operation, management, processing ② manipulating to one's benefit ③ to operate ④ to manipulate, to fiddle (e.g. the books)

③ 巣【す】 • ① nest, rookery, breeding place, hive ② den ③ haunt ④ (spider's) web

③ 相撲【すもう】 • ① sumo wrestling ② sumo wrestler, rikishi

③ 騒ぎ【さわぎ】 • uproar, disturbance

③ 騒音【そうおん】 • noise

③ 属する【ぞくする】 • ① to entrust ② to send (a message, etc.)

③ 怠る【おこたる】 • to be negligent in doing something, to shirk, to be off one's guard

③ 態度【たいど】 • attitude, manner, behaviour

③ 滞在【たいざい】 • stay, sojourn

③ 逮捕【たいほ】 • arrest, apprehension, capture

③ 大抵【たいてい】 • ① mostly, ordinarily, usually, generally ② probably ③ most, almost all ④ (before a neg. form) ordinary ⑤ proper, appropriate, moderate

③ 大統領【だいとうりょう】 • president, chief executive

③ 第【だい】 • ordinal

③ 奪う【うばう】 • to snatch away, to dispossess, to steal

③ 誕生【たんじょう】 • birth, creation, formation

③ 知恵【ちえ】 • ① wisdom, wit, sagacity, sense, intelligence ② prajna (insight leading to enlightenment)

③ 張る【はる】 • ① to stick, to paste, to affix ② to stretch, to spread, to strain, to tighten ③ to form (e.g. ice on a pond) ④ to fill, to swell ⑤ to stick out, to put, to slap ⑥ to be expensive

③ 眺める【ながめる】 • to view, to gaze at

③ 通訳【つうやく】 • interpretation (i.e. oral translation)

③ 釣り【つり】 • ① fishing, angling ② change (e.g. for a purchase)

③ 抵抗【ていこう】 • electrical resistance, resistance, opposition

③ 提案【ていあん】 • proposal, proposition, suggestion

③ 提出【ていしゅつ】 • ① to present, to submit (e.g. a report or a thesis), to hand in, to file, to turn in ② presentation, submission, filing

③ 笛【ふえ】 • flute, pipe, whistle

③ 哲学【てつがく】 • philosophy

③ 徹底【てってい】 • thoroughness, completeness, consistency

③ 徹夜【てつや】 • all night, all-night vigil, sleepless night

③ 伝統【でんとう】 • tradition, convention

③ 投票【とうひょう】 • voting, poll

③ 当然【とうぜん】 • natural, as a matter of course

③ 答案【とうあん】 • examination paper, examination script

③ 統計【とうけい】 • statistics

③ 豆【まめ】 • ① legume (esp. edible legumes or their seeds, such as beans, peas, pulses, etc.), beans, peas ② soya bean (soybean), soy (Glycine max) ③ miniature, tiny ④ child

③ 同意【どうい】 • ① agreement, consent, same opinion, approval ② same meaning

③ 同僚【どうりょう】 • coworker, colleague, associate

③ 憧れる【あこがれる】 • to long for, to yearn after, to admire, to be attracted by

③ 道徳【どうとく】 • morals

③ 特徴【とくちょう】 • feature, trait, characteristic, pecularity

③ 独身【どくしん】 • bachelorhood, single, unmarried, celibate

③ 独特【どくとく】 • peculiarity, uniqueness, characteristic

③ 独立【どくりつ】 • independence (e.g. Independence Day), self-support

③ 虹【にじ】 • rainbow

③ 納得【なっとく】 • consent, assent, understanding, agreement, comprehension, grasp

③ 俳優【はいゆう】 • actor, actress, player, performer

③ 梅【うめ】 • ① plum, Japanese apricot, prunus mume ② lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)

③ 博士【はかせ】 • ① doctorate, PhD, Dr (as a title) ② expert, learned person

③ 博物館【はくぶつかん】 • museum

③ 拍手【はくしゅ】 • clapping hands, applause

③ 迫る【せまる】 • to draw near, to press (someone for something)

③ 縛る【しばる】 • to tie, to bind

③ 発揮【はっき】 • exhibition, demonstration, show, display, manifestation

③ 発展【はってん】 • ① development, growth, advancement, unfurling ② expansion, extension, enlargement ③ playing around, having an active sex life

③ 反抗【はんこう】 • opposition, resistance, insubordination, defiance, hostility, rebellion

③ 範囲【はんい】 • extent, scope, sphere, range, span

③ 批判【ひはん】 • criticism, judgement, judgment, comment

③ 批評【ひひょう】 • criticism, review, commentary

③ 比較【ひかく】 • comparison

③ 比較的【ひかくてき】 • comparative, relative

③ 秘密【ひみつ】 • secret, secrecy

③ 微笑む【ほほえむ】 • to smile

③ 微妙【びみょう】 • ① delicate, subtle, sensitive ② difficult, delicate (situation), complicated ③ doubtful, questionable, dicey

③ 評価【ひょうか】 • ① valuation, estimation, assessment, evaluation ② to value, to assess, to estimate value ③ to appreciate, to value highly, to acknowledge the value (of something)

③ 評判【ひょうばん】 • ① fame, reputation, popularity ② rumour (rumor), talk

③ 敷く【しく】 • ① to spread out, to lay out ② to take a position ③ to impose widely (e.g. over a city)

③ 腐る【くさる】 • to rot, to go bad, to corrode

③ 武器【ぶき】 • weapon, arms, ordnance

③ 物価【ぶっか】 • prices of commodities, prices (in general), cost-of-living

③ 分析【ぶんせき】 • analysis

③ 雰囲気【ふんいき】 • atmosphere (e.g. musical), mood, ambience, ambiance

③ 文句【もんく】 • ① phrase ② complaint

③ 塀【へい】 • wall, fence

③ 保存【ほぞん】 • preservation, conservation, storage, saving (e.g., to disk), maintenance

③ 崩す【くずす】 • to destroy, to pull down, to make change (money)

③ 妨げる【さまたげる】 • to disturb, to prevent, to obstruct, to hinder

③ 冒険【ぼうけん】 • risk, venture, adventure

③ 幕【まく】 • ① curtain, bunting ② act (in play)

③ 魅力【みりょく】 • charm, fascination, glamour, glamor, attraction, appeal

③ 無視【むし】 • disregard, ignore

③ 無駄【むだ】 • futility, uselessness, pointlessness

③ 矛盾【むじゅん】 • contradiction, inconsistency

③ 霧【きり】 • fog, mist

③ 迷惑【めいわく】 • trouble, bother, annoyance

③ 免許【めんきょ】 • license, permit, licence, certificate

③ 模様【もよう】 • pattern, figure, design

③ 黙る【だまる】 • to be silent

③ 目標【もくひょう】 • mark, objective, target

③ 厄介【やっかい】 • trouble, burden, care, bother, worry, dependence, support, kindness, obligation

③ 訳す【やくす】 • to translate, to interpret

③ 唯一【ゆいいつ】 • only, sole, unique

③ 優秀【ゆうしゅう】 • superiority, excellence

③ 誘う【さそう】 • ① to invite, to ask, to call (for) ② to tempt, to lure, to induce

③ 余裕【よゆう】 • surplus, composure, margin, room, time, allowance, flexibility, scope, rope

③ 要素【ようそ】 • ① component, factor, item (e.g. in list) ② element (e.g. in array), member (e.g. data structure)

③ 翼【つばさ】 • ① wing ② Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

③ 裸【はだか】 • naked, nude, bare

③ 嵐【あらし】 • storm, tempest

③ 利益【りえき】 • ① profit, gains ② benefit, advantage, interest (of the public, etc.) ③ grace (of God, Buddha, etc.) (esp. as attained through rightful actions, prayer, adherence to one's faith, etc.), blessing, miracle

③ 理論【りろん】 • theory

③ 離す【はなす】 • to part, to divide, to separate, to release

③ 離れる【はなれる】 • to be separated from, to leave, to go away, to be a long way off

③ 離婚【りこん】 • divorce

③ 率【りつ】 • rate, ratio, proportion, percentage

③ 礼儀【れいぎ】 • manners, courtesy, etiquette

③ 劣る【おとる】 • to fall behind, to be inferior to

③ 化粧【けしょう】 • make-up, cosmetics

③ 助言【じょげん】 • advice, suggestion

③ 傷【きず】 • ① wound, injury, cut, gash, bruise, scratch, scrape, scar ② chip, crack, scratch, nick ③ flaw, defect, weakness, weak point ④ stain (on one's reputation), disgrace, dishonor, dishonour ⑤ (emotional) hurt, hurt feelings

③ 敵【てき】 • ① opponent, rival, adversary ② menace, danger, threat, enemy

③ 梅雨【つゆ】 • ① rainy season ② rain during the rainy season

③ 避ける【さける】 • ① to avoid (physical contact with) ② to avoid (situation) ③ to ward off, to avert

③ 描く【えがく】 • to draw, to paint, to sketch, to depict, to describe

③ 雷【かみなり】 • thunder

③ 飽きる【あきる】 • to get tired of, to lose interest in, to have enough

③ 怪しい【あやしい】 • ① suspicious, dubious, doubtful, dodgy ② charming, bewitching

③ あらゆる • all, every

③ 覆う【おおう】 • to cover, to hide, to conceal, to wrap, to disguise

③ 丘【おか】 • hill, height, knoll, rising ground

③ 影【かげ】 • ① shadow, silhouette ② reflection, image ③ presence, sign ④ light (stars, moon)

③ 陰【かげ】 • ① shade, shadow ② other side, back, background

③ 桜【さくら】 • ① cherry tree, cherry blossom ② decoy, fake buyer, shill ③ hired applauder

③ 砂漠【さばく】 • desert

③ 刺激【しげき】 • stimulus, impetus, incentive, encouragement, motivation, provocation

③ 絞る【しぼる】 • to press, to wring, to squeeze, to narrow (down), to whittle (down), to tighten

③ 事態【じたい】 • situation, (present) state of affairs, circumstances

③ 勧める【すすめる】 • to recommend, to advise, to encourage, to offer (wine)

③ 退屈【たいくつ】 • tedium, boredom

③ 蓄える【たくわえる】 • ① to store, to lay in stock ② to have a beard, to grow a beard

③ 激しい【はげしい】 • violent, vehement, intense, furious, tempestuous

③ 馬鹿【ばか】 • ① fool, idiot, trivial matter, folly, absurdity ② foolish, stupid, dull, absurd, ridiculous

③ 引っ張る【ひっぱる】 • ① to pull, to draw, to stretch, to drag ② to pull the ball (baseball)

③ 故郷【こきょう】 • home town, birthplace, old village, historic village, native place, one's old home

③ 保証【ほしょう】 • guarantee, security, assurance, pledge, warranty

③ 褒める【ほめる】 • to praise, to admire, to speak well

③ 基づく【もとづく】 • to be grounded on, to be based on, to be due to, to originate from

③ 履く【はく】 • ① to put on (or wear) lower-body clothing (i.e. pants, skirt, etc.), to put on (or wear) footwear ② to affix a sword to one's hip ③ to affix a bowstring to a bow

③ 演奏【えんそう】 • musical performance

③ 途端【とたん】 • just (now, at the moment, etc.)

③ 眺め【ながめ】 • scene, view, prospect, outlook

③ 恵まれる【めぐまれる】 • to be blessed with, to be rich in, to abound in

③ 級【きゅう】 • class, grade, rank, school class, grade

③ 詩【し】 • poem, verse of poetry

③ 氏【し】 • ① Mr ② clan ③ he, him ④ counter for people

③ おしゃべり • chattering, talk, idle talk, chat, chitchat, gossip, chatty, talkative, chatterbox, blabbermouth

③ くっつく • to adhere to, to keep close to

③ しきりに • ① frequently, repeatedly, often, incessantly, constantly ② strongly, eagerly

③ それとも • or, or else

③ ぶつかる • to strike, to collide with, to bump into

③ やがて • before long, soon, at length

③ 溢れる【あふれる】 • to overflow, to brim over, to flood

③ 噂【うわさ】 • rumour, rumor, report, hearsay, gossip, common talk

③ 餌【えさ】 • feed, bait

③ いつか • sometime, someday, one day, some time or other, the other day, in due course, in time

③ 蓋【ふた】 • cover, lid, cap

③ まるで • quite, entirely, completely, at all, as if, as though, so to speak, just like

③ ごく • ① quite, very ② quindecillion (US), octillion (Europe), 10^48

③ 僅か【わずか】 • only, merely, (a) little, small quantity

③ 近頃【ちかごろ】 • lately, recently, nowadays

③ つながる • to be tied together, to be connected to, to be related to

③ つなぐ • to tie, to fasten, to connect, to transfer (phone call)

③ ことわざ • proverb, maxim

③ おめでとう • congratulations!, an auspicious occasion!

③ ご覧【ごらん】 • ① (after the -te form of a verb) (please) try to ② (please) look ③ seeing, looking, watching

③ たちまち • at once, in a moment, suddenly, all at once

③ さようなら • good-bye

③ 撒く【まく】 • to scatter, to sprinkle, to sow (seeds)

③ しかる • to scold

③ 蹴る【ける】 • ① to kick ② to refuse, to reject

③ いとこ • male cousin

③ いわゆる • what is called, as it is called, the so-called, so to speak

③ 拭く【ふく】 • to wipe, to dry

③ 尻【しり】 • ① buttocks, behind, rump, bottom ② undersurface, bottom ③ last place, end ④ consequence

③ 尻尾【しっぽ】 • tail (animal)

③ まさか • by no means, never!, well, I never!, you don't say!

③ 親戚【しんせき】 • relative

③ ついに • ① finally, at last ② (with neg) in the end

③ まさに • ① exactly, surely, certainly ② just (about to), on the verge (of doing or happening) ③ duly, naturally

③ あいにく • unfortunately, Sorry, but ...

③ 羨ましい【うらやましい】 • ① envious (feeling, etc.), jealous ② enviable (position, etc.)

③ ようやく • ① finally, at last ② barely, narrowly, hardly, only just ③ gradually, little by little, by degrees

③ かく • ① to scratch ② to perspire ③ to shovel, to paddle

③ 袖【そで】 • sleeve

③ それでも • but (still), and yet, nevertheless, even so, notwithstanding

③ そこで • so, accordingly, now, then, thereupon, therefore

③ 揃える【そろえる】 • to put things in order, to arrange, to make uniform, to get something ready

③ わざと • on purpose

③ おとなしい • obedient, docile, quiet

③ 叩く【たたく】 • ① to strike, to clap, to dust, to beat ② to play drums ③ to abuse, to flame (e.g. on the Internet), to insult ④ to use up money

③ しゃべる • to talk, to chat, to chatter

③ じかに • directly, in person, headlong

③ 掴む【つかむ】 • to seize, to catch, to grasp, to grip, to grab, to hold, to catch hold of, to lay one's hands on

③ 潰す【つぶす】 • ① to smash, to crush ② to shut down ③ to thwart, to block ④ to kill (time) ⑤ to waste (e.g. talents)

③ 諦める【あきらめる】 • to give up, to abandon

③ 釘【くぎ】 • nail (i.e. small metal spike)

③ 溺れる【おぼれる】 • ① to nearly drown, to sink below the surface (of water) ② to indulge in, to lose one's head over something

③ うさぎ • rabbit, hare, cony

③ とにかく • anyhow, at any rate, anyway, somehow or other, generally speaking, in any case

③ ともかく • anyhow, anyway, somehow or other, generally speaking, in any case, be that as it may

③ 謎【なぞ】 • ① riddle, puzzle, enigma, mystery ② enigmatic, mysterious

③ 鍋【なべ】 • saucepan, pot

③ どうしても • by all means, at any cost, no matter what, after all, in the long run, cravingly, at any rate, surely

③ 覗く【のぞく】 • ① to peek (though a keyhole, gap, etc.) ② to look down into (a ravine, etc.) ③ to peek into (a shop, bookstore, etc.) ④ to sneak a look at, to take a quick look at ⑤ to peep (through a telescope, microscope, etc.) ⑥ to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.), to peek through (sky though a forest canopy, etc.)

③ 莫大【ばくだい】 • enormous, vast

③ 膝【ひざ】 • knee, lap

③ ひじ • elbow

③ 紐【ひも】 • ① string, cord ② man who is financially dependent on a woman (such as a gigolo or, in the case of a prostitute, a pimp), pimp

③ ふと • suddenly, casually, accidentally, incidentally, unexpectedly, unintentionally

③ 物凄い【ものすごい】 • earth-shattering, staggering, to a very great extent, terrible, frightful, horrible

③ しかも • moreover, furthermore, nevertheless, and yet

③ およそ • about, roughly, as a rule, approximately

③ 枕【まくら】 • ① pillow, bolster ② introduction (e.g. to a rakugo story), lead-in

③ みょう • ① strange, unusual ② (something) superb, (something) excellent

③ 儲ける【もうける】 • to get, to earn, to gain, to have (bear, beget) a child

③ ただ • ① ordinary, common, usual ② free of charge ③ unaffected, as is, safe ④ only, merely, just, simply ⑤ but, however, nevertheless

③ ほぼ • almost, roughly, approximately

③ 溜まる【たまる】 • to collect, to gather, to save, to accumulate, to pile up

③ 脇【わき】 • ① side, aside ② armpit ③ back-burner

③ 嗅ぐ【かぐ】 • to sniff, to smell

③ 埃【ほこり】 • dust

③ 曖昧【あいまい】 • ① vague, ambiguous, unclear ② fuzzy

③ 茹でる【ゆでる】 • to boil

③ 贅沢【ぜいたく】 • ① luxury, extravagance ② to live in luxury

③ ためらう • to hesitate

③ 騙す【だます】 • to trick, to cheat, to deceive

③ 剃る【そる】 • to shave

③ いや • no, nay, well

③ 頬【ほお】 • cheek (of face)

③ ある • a certain ..., some ...

③ 籠【かご】 • basket, cage

③ せっかく • with trouble, at great pains, long-awaited

③ たびたび • often, repeatedly, frequently

③ 匂い【におい】 • ① odour, odor, scent, smell, stench ② aura, whiff, smacks of ..., sense, flavour, flavor

③ 吠える【ほえる】 • to bark, to bay, to howl, to bellow, to roar, to cry

③ まれ • rare, seldom

③ かかる • to suffer from

③ せい • cause, reason, fault

③ つまり • in short, in brief, in other words, that is to say, in the long run, after all, blockade, stuffing, ultimate

③ ふもと • the foot, the bottom, the base (of a mountain)

③ あちこち • ① here and there ② to get things in the wrong order (back to front), to become muddled up

③ あれこれ • one thing or another, this and that, this or that

③ おじさん • ① uncle ② old man, mister (vocative)

② あら • oh, ah

② うろうろ • loiteringly, aimless wandering

② うんざり • tedious, boring, being fed up with

② おや • oh!, oh?, my!

② すっきり • ① clearly, refreshed ② shapely, neatly, refinedly ③ cleanly, without trouble ④ clearly, plainly, distinctly ⑤ completely, thoroughly ⑥ not at all (with negative sentence), not even slightly

② せめて • at least, at most

② 下り【くだり】 • ① down-train (going away from Tokyo) ② down-slope, downward going

② 下車【げしゃ】 • alighting (from train, bus, etc.), getting off

② 何しろ【なにしろ】 • at any rate, anyhow, anyway, in any case

② 学年【がくねん】 • year in school, grade in school

② 月日【つきひ】 • time, years, days

② 見学【けんがく】 • inspection, study by observation, field trip

② 見出し【みだし】 • heading, caption, subtitle, index

② 見本【みほん】 • sample

② 高める【たかめる】 • to raise, to lift, to boost, to enhance

② 出入り【でいり】 • in and out, coming and going, free association, income and expenditure, debits and credit

② 出来上がる【できあがる】 • ① to be completed, to be finished, to be ready (e.g. to serve or eat) ② to be very drunk

② 小学生【しょうがくせい】 • elementary school student, primary school student, grade school student

② 上り【のぼり】 • ① ascent, climbing, ascending (path), climb ② up-train (e.g. going to Tokyo) ③ northward (towards Tokyo)

② 上る【のぼる】 • ① to ascend, to go up, to climb ② to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the sun), to rise ③ to go to (the capital) ④ to be promoted ⑤ to add up to ⑥ to advance (in price) ⑦ to swim up (a river), to sail up ⑧ to come up (on the agenda)

② 上下【じょうげ】 • high and low, up and down, unloading and loading, praising and blaming

② 水分【すいぶん】 • moisture

② 生ずる【しょうずる】 • to cause, to arise, to be generated

② 生年月日【せいねんがっぴ】 • birth date

② 前【ぜん】 • ① the last (i.e. immediately preceding) (e.g. "the last mayor"), previous, one-time, former ② (before the name of an era) pre- (e.g. "premodern") ③ before, earlier

② 前後【ぜんご】 • around, throughout, front and back, before and behind, before and after, about that (time), longitudinal, context, nearly, approximately

② 大気【たいき】 • atmosphere

② 大小【だいしょう】 • ① sizes (various), large and small ② daisho (matched pair of long and short swords) ③ large and small drums ④ long months and short months

② 大木【たいぼく】 • large tree

② 中間【ちゅうかん】 • middle, midway, interim

② 中年【ちゅうねん】 • middle-age, middle age, midlife, one's middle years

② 長女【ちょうじょ】 • eldest daughter

② 長男【ちょうなん】 • eldest son

② 東西【とうざい】 • ① East and West ② whole country ③ Orient and Occident, Western and Eastern ④ Your attention, please!

② 南北【なんぼく】 • south and north

② 日の出【ひので】 • sunrise

② 日時【にちじ】 • date and time

② 入社【にゅうしゃ】 • entry to a company

② 分【ぶん】 • ① part, segment, share, ration ② rate ③ degree, one's lot, one's status, relation, duty, kind, lot ④ in proportion to, just as much as

② 毎【まい】 • every (usu. with events, e.g. every weekend), each

② 来日【らいにち】 • arrival in Japan, coming to Japan, visit to Japan

② 下ろす【おろす】 • ① to take down (e.g. flag), to launch (e.g. boat), to drop, to lower (e.g. ladder), to let (a person) off, to unload, to discharge ② to drop off (a passenger from a vehicle), to let (a person) off ③ to withdraw money from an account ④ to wear (clothing) for the first time ⑤ to fillet (e.g. a fish)

② 何となく【なんとなく】 • somehow or other, for some reason or another

② がる • ① to feel (on adj-stem to represent a third party's apparent emotion) ② to behave as if one were

② うんと • ① a great deal, very much, a lot ② with a great amount of effort

② それなのに • and yet, despite this, but even so, but even then, however, nevertheless, for all that, notwithstanding that

② 小【しょう】 • ① smallness, small item ② short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days) ③ elementary school ④ younger or inferior (of two items or people with the same name)

② しばしば • blinking repeatedly

② 以後【いご】 • ① after this, from now on, hereafter ② thereafter, since (verb) (after -te form of verb), after (time), since (then)

② 意地悪【いじわる】 • malicious, ill-tempered, unkind

② 引き分け【ひきわけ】 • draw (in competition), tie game

② 映る【うつる】 • to be reflected, to harmonize with (harmonise), to come out (photo), to be projected

② 英文【えいぶん】 • ① sentence in English, article in English, English text ② English literature (study of)

② 屋外【おくがい】 • outdoors, alfresco

② 下町【したまち】 • Shitamachi, lower parts of town

② 下品【げひん】 • vulgarity, meanness, indecency, coarseness

② 家屋【かおく】 • house, building

② 海洋【かいよう】 • ocean

② 開会【かいかい】 • opening of a meeting

② 学会【がっかい】 • scientific society, academic meeting, academic conference

② 学力【がくりょく】 • scholarship, knowledge, literary ability

② 帰す【かえす】 • to send (someone) back, to send (someone) home

② 休業【きゅうぎょう】 • closed (e.g. store), business suspended, shutdown, holiday

② 強引【ごういん】 • overbearing, coercive, pushy, forcible, high-handed

② 強気【つよき】 • firm, strong

② 近代【きんだい】 • present day, modern times

② 金魚【きんぎょ】 • goldfish

② 空中【くうちゅう】 • sky, air

② 言い出す【いいだす】 • to start talking, to speak, to tell, to propose, to suggest, to break the ice

② 工事【こうじ】 • construction work, construction, work (related to construction, e.g. painting, concrete-pouring, etc.)

② 広める【ひろめる】 • to broaden, to propagate

② 行事【ぎょうじ】 • event, function

② 行方【ゆくえ】 • ① (one's) whereabouts ② course, direction

② 国立【こくりつ】 • national

② 作者【さくしゃ】 • author, authoress

② 仕上がる【しあがる】 • to be finished, to be completed, to be done

② 使い【つかい】 • errand, message, messenger, bearer, use, usage, trainer, tamer, mission, familiar spirit, going as envoy

② 死体【したい】 • dead body, corpse, cadaver

② 私立【しりつ】 • private (establishment)

② 写る【うつる】 • to be photographed, to be projected

② 手前【てまえ】 • ① before, this side ② one's standpoint, one's appearance ③ we ④ you

② 集まる【あつまる】 • to gather, to collect, to assemble

② 重たい【おもたい】 • heavy, massive, serious, important, severe, oppressed

② 重なる【かさなる】 • to be piled up, lie on top of one another, overlap each other

② 重ねる【かさねる】 • to pile up, to put something on another, to heap up, to add, to repeat

② 重力【じゅうりょく】 • gravity

② 出場【しゅつじょう】 • (stage) appearance, participation, performance

② 上品【じょうひん】 • elegant, refined, polished

② 心理【しんり】 • mentality

② 真っ先【まっさき】 • the head, the foremost, beginning

② 真空【しんくう】 • vacuum, hollow, empty

② 人事【じんじ】 • personnel affairs, human affairs, human resources, HR

② 水着【みずぎ】 • bathing suit, swimsuit, swimmers

② 生意気【なまいき】 • impertinent, saucy, cheeky, conceit, audacious, brazen

② 青少年【せいしょうねん】 • youth, young person

② 送料【そうりょう】 • postage, carriage

② 大学院【だいがくいん】 • graduate school

② 大工【だいく】 • carpenter

② 題名【だいめい】 • title

② 知人【ちじん】 • friend, acquaintance

② 地質【ちしつ】 • geological features

② 地味【じみ】 • plain, simple, subdued, sober

② 地名【ちめい】 • place name

② 着せる【きせる】 • ① to put clothes on (someone) ② to plate, to gild, to veneer ③ to accuse (of some crime), to give (a bad name)

② 中古【ちゅうこ】 • ① used, second-hand, old ② Middle Ages

② 中世【ちゅうせい】 • Middle Ages, mediaeval times

② 注【ちゅう】 • annotation, explanatory note, comment

② 転がる【ころがる】 • to roll, to tumble

② 電力【でんりょく】 • electric power

② 東洋【とうよう】 • Orient

② 同時【どうじ】 • simultaneous(ly), concurrent, same time, synchronous, together

② 特色【とくしょく】 • characteristic, feature, idiosyncrasy, personal colour

② 特長【とくちょう】 • forte, merit

② 日帰り【ひがえり】 • day trip

② 年度【ねんど】 • year, fiscal year, school year, term

② 売店【ばいてん】 • shop, stand

② 売買【ばいばい】 • trade, buying and selling

② 発電【はつでん】 • generation (e.g. power)

② 発売【はつばい】 • sale, offering for sale, release (for sale), launch (product)

② 飯【めし】 • ① meals, food ② cooked rice ③ one's livelihood

② 着ける【つける】 • ① to attach, to join, to add, to append, to affix, to stick, to glue, to fasten, to sew on, to apply (ointment) ② to furnish (a house with) ③ to wear, to put on ④ to keep a diary, to make an entry ⑤ to appraise, to set (a price) ⑥ to bring alongside ⑦ to place (under guard or doctor) ⑧ to follow, to shadow ⑨ to load, to give (courage to) ⑩ to keep (an eye on) ⑪ to establish (relations or understanding) ⑫ to turn on (light)

② 文体【ぶんたい】 • literary style

② 歩【ほ】 • ① step, stride ② counter for steps

② 方言【ほうげん】 • dialect

② 毎度【まいど】 • ① each time ② thank you for your continued patronage

② 名作【めいさく】 • masterpiece

② 目安【めやす】 • ① criterion, standard, yardstick, reference, aim ② rough estimate, approximation

② 目下【めした】 • subordinate, subordinates, inferior, inferiors, junior

② 問い【とい】 • question, query

② 夕日【ゆうひ】 • (in) the evening sun, setting sun

② 料【りょう】 • material, charge, rate, fee

② 力強い【ちからづよい】 • ① powerful, strong, forceful, vigorous ② reassuring, encouraging

② 近々【ちかぢか】 • soon, nearness, before long

② 真っ白【まっしろ】 • pure white

② 弟子【でし】 • pupil, disciple, adherent, follower, apprentice, young person, teacher's student-helper

② 品【ひん】 • ① thing, article, goods ② dignity, class, quality ③ counter for meal courses ④ flirtatiousness, coquetry

② 方々【かたがた】 • ① they (of people), gentlemen (of the ...) ② you (usu. plural) ③ various

② 映す【うつす】 • to project, to reflect, to cast (shadow)

② 売れ行き【うれゆき】 • sales, demand

② 会館【かいかん】 • meeting hall, assembly hall

② 代える【かえる】 • ① to replace ② to exchange, to interchange ③ to substitute

② 貸し出し【かしだし】 • lending, loaning

② 代わる【かわる】 • to take the place of, to relieve, to be substituted for, to be exchanged, to change places with, to take turns, to be replaced

② 着々【ちゃくちゃく】 • steadily

② 真っ黒【まっくろ】 • pitch black

② 元々【もともと】 • originally, by nature, from the start

② 空き【あき】 • ① space, room, emptiness, gap ② opening, vacancy, empty seat ③ free time, time to spare ④ disuse, unused thing

② 長引く【ながびく】 • to be prolonged, to drag on

② 持ち【もち】 • ① hold, charge, keep possession, in charge ② wear, durability, life, draw ③ usage

② 気味【ぎみ】 • -like, -looking, -looked

② 館【かん】 • house, hall, building

② 業【ぎょう】 • ① work, business ② study

② お参り【おまいり】 • worship, shrine visit

② 安易【あんい】 • ① easy, simple ② easy-going

② 一定【いってい】 • fixed, settled, constant, definite, uniform, regularized, regularised, defined, standardized, standardised, certain, prescribed

② 引き返す【ひきかえす】 • to repeat, to send back, to bring back, to retrace one's steps

② 羽根【はね】 • ① feather, plume, wing ② blade (fan, propeller, etc.)

② 園【えん】 • ① garden (esp. man-made), orchard, park, plantation ② place, location

② 温室【おんしつ】 • greenhouse, hothouse, conservatory, glasshouse

② 加速【かそく】 • ① acceleration, speed up ② accelerator

② 回数【かいすう】 • number of times, frequency, count

② 回答【かいとう】 • reply, answer

② 快晴【かいせい】 • good weather

② 開通【かいつう】 • opening, open, taking effect, becoming active

② 開放【かいほう】 • open, throw open, liberalization, liberalisation

② 貝【かい】 • shell, shellfish

② 外科【げか】 • surgical department

② 外部【がいぶ】 • ① the outside ② external

② 角【かく】 • ① angle ② square (or cube) ③ bishop (shogi) ④ third degree (of the Japanese & Chinese pentatonic scale) ⑤ Chinese "horn" constellation (one of the 28 mansions) ⑥ jiao (monetary unit of China; one-tenth of a yuan)

② 角度【かくど】 • angle

② 学科【がっか】 • study subject, course of study

② 学術【がくじゅつ】 • science, learning, scholarship

② 活字【かつじ】 • printing type

② 活力【かつりょく】 • vitality, energy

② 感想【かんそう】 • impressions, thoughts

② 期【き】 • ① period, time ② (geological) age

② 気配【けはい】 • ① indication, sign, hint, presence, trend ② quotation (esp. stock market)

② 記号【きごう】 • symbol, code, sign, notation

② 強化【きょうか】 • strengthen, intensify, reinforce, solidify, enhancement

② 教わる【おそわる】 • to be taught

② 局【きょく】 • ① channel (i.e. TV or radio), station, department ② affair, situation

② 曲【きょく】 • tune, piece of music

② 曲げる【まげる】 • to bend, to crook, to lean, to yield (a point), to depart (from a principle)

② 曲線【きょくせん】 • curve

② 区分【くぶん】 • division, section, demarcation, partition, segmentation, subdivision, (traffic) lane, compartment, classification, sorting

② 苦情【くじょう】 • complaint, troubles, objection, grievance

② 空想【くうそう】 • daydream, fantasy, fancy, vision

② 形式【けいしき】 • ① form (as opposed to substance), formality ② method, system, style ③ format, mode, appearance, form (something takes) ④ math expression

② 見直す【みなおす】 • to look again, to get a better opinion of

② 見当【けんとう】 • aim, mark, estimate, guess, approximation, direction

② 原【はら】 • field, plain, prairie, tundra, moor, wilderness

② 原始【げんし】 • origin, primeval

② 原理【げんり】 • principle, theory, fundamental truth

② 原料【げんりょう】 • raw materials

② 語学【ごがく】 • language study

② 交流【こうりゅう】 • ① intercourse, (cultural) exchange, intermingling ② alternating current, AC

② 光線【こうせん】 • beam, light ray

② 公式【こうしき】 • ① formality, formal, official ② formula

② 公表【こうひょう】 • official announcement, proclamation

② 口実【こうじつ】 • excuse, pretext

② 校【こう】 • ① school ② proof (of a book, document, etc.), counter for proofs

② 行列【ぎょうれつ】 • ① line, procession ② matrix

② 高等【こうとう】 • high class, high grade

② 合同【ごうどう】 • combination, incorporation, union, amalgamation, fusion, congruence

② 合流【ごうりゅう】 • confluence, union, linking up, merge, recombining

② 国語【こくご】 • ① Japanese (language) ② national language ③ native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)

② 混合【こんごう】 • ① mixing, mixture, meld ② miscegenation

② 作曲【さっきょく】 • composition, setting (of music)

② 参考【さんこう】 • reference, consultation

② 算数【さんすう】 • arithmetic

② 指定【してい】 • designation, specification, assignment, appointment, pointing at

② 留まる【とまる】 • ① to stop, to halt ② to remain, to abide, to stay (in the one place) ③ to come to a halt ④ to be limited to

② 留める【とめる】 • ① to stop (something or someone), to turn off ② to concentrate on, to pay attention to ③ to remember, to bear in mind ④ to fix into place ⑤ to park, to leave somewhere for a time

② 寺院【じいん】 • temple

② 持参【じさん】 • bringing, taking, carrying

② 時速【じそく】 • speed (per hour)

② 次いで【ついで】 • next, secondly, subsequently

② 次ぐ【つぐ】 • to rank next to, to come after

② 実る【みのる】 • to bear fruit, to ripen

② 実感【じっかん】 • feelings (actual, true)

② 実習【じっしゅう】 • practice, practise, training (esp. practical and hands-on), drill

② 実物【じつぶつ】 • real thing, original, actual

② 実用【じつよう】 • practical use, utility

② 実力【じつりょく】 • ① (real) ability, true strength, merit, efficiency, competency ② arms, force

② 実例【じつれい】 • example, illustration, precedent

② 弱点【じゃくてん】 • weak point, weakness

② 主語【しゅご】 • subject

② 主役【しゅやく】 • leading part, leading actor (actress)

② 取り入れる【とりいれる】 • ① to harvest, to reap ② to take in, to gather in ③ to adopt

② 手首【てくび】 • wrist

② 受験【じゅけん】 • taking an examination

② 終点【しゅうてん】 • terminus, last stop (e.g. train)

② 集合【しゅうごう】 • ① gathering, assembly, meeting ② set

② 重点【じゅうてん】 • important point, lay stress on, colon, emphasis

② 重量【じゅうりょう】 • ① weight ② heavyweight boxer

② 出勤【しゅっきん】 • going to work, at work

② 商業【しょうぎょう】 • commerce, trade, business

② 商社【しょうしゃ】 • trading company, firm

② 商店【しょうてん】 • shop, small store, business, firm

② 少数【しょうすう】 • minority, few

② 消化【しょうか】 • ① digestion ② thorough understanding ③ selling accumulated (excess) products, dealing with a large amount of work ④ losing one's form and turning into something else

② 消防【しょうぼう】 • fire fighting, fire department

② 乗車【じょうしゃ】 • taking a train, bus, etc., entraining

② 心身【しんしん】 • mind and body

② 森林【しんりん】 • forest, woods

② 深まる【ふかまる】 • to deepen, to heighten, to intensify

② 深夜【しんや】 • late at night

② 真っ暗【まっくら】 • ① total darkness, pitch dark ② bleak future, poor prospects

② 神様【かみさま】 • God

② 神話【しんわ】 • myth, legend

② 親指【おやゆび】 • thumb

② 進路【しんろ】 • ① route, course ② career, university choices, course (of future life)

② 人命【じんめい】 • (human) life

② 図表【ずひょう】 • chart, diagram, graph, figure

② 水準【すいじゅん】 • ① level, standard ② water level

② 水平【すいへい】 • level, horizontality

② 水面【すいめん】 • water's surface

② 水曜【すいよう】 • Wednesday

② 勢い【いきおい】 • ① force, vigor, vigour, energy, spirit, life ② influence, authority, power, might ③ impetus, momentum, course (of events) ④ naturally, necessarily

② 正面【しょうめん】 • front, frontage, facade, main

② 線路【せんろ】 • line, track, roadbed

② 全集【ぜんしゅう】 • complete works

② 想【そう】 • ① conception, idea, thought ② samjna (perception)

② 早速【さっそく】 • at once, immediately, without delay, promptly

② 体育【たいいく】 • physical education, gymnastics, athletics

② 対立【たいりつ】 • confrontation, opposition, antagonism

② 帯【おび】 • ① obi (kimono sash) ② paper wrapper on books, CDs, etc.

② 退院【たいいん】 • leaving hospital, discharge from hospital

② 大通り【おおどおり】 • main street

② 短期【たんき】 • short term

② 短所【たんしょ】 • defect, demerit, weak point, disadvantage

② 断定【だんてい】 • conclusion, decision

② 地帯【ちたい】 • area, zone

② 竹【たけ】 • ① bamboo ② middle (of a three-tier ranking system)

② 直後【ちょくご】 • immediately following

② 直線【ちょくせん】 • straight line

② 直前【ちょくぜん】 • just before

② 追加【ついか】 • addition, supplement, append (e.g. to a file), appendix

② 通勤【つうきん】 • commuting to work

② 通行【つうこう】 • passage, passing

② 通用【つうよう】 • ① popular use, circulation ② to pass as

② 通路【つうろ】 • passage, pathway

② 定員【ていいん】 • fixed number of regular personnel, capacity (of boat, hall, aeroplane, airplane, etc.)

② 定期【ていき】 • ① fixed term ② fixed-term commutation pass ③ fixed-term deposit

② 的確【てきかく】 • precise, accurate

② 天然【てんねん】 • ① nature, spontaneity ② natural airhead

② 点数【てんすう】 • marks, points, score, runs, number of items, credits

② 伝記【でんき】 • biography, life story

② 田植え【たうえ】 • rice planting

② 電球【でんきゅう】 • light bulb

② 電波【でんぱ】 • electro-magnetic wave, radio wave

② 電流【でんりゅう】 • electric current

② 登場【とうじょう】 • ① entry (on stage), appearance (on screen) ② entrance, introduction (into a market)

② 都心【としん】 • city centre (center) (esp. capital city), urban centre, heart of city a metropolis

② 当日【とうじつ】 • appointed day, very day

② 当番【とうばん】 • being on duty

② 童話【どうわ】 • fairy-tale

② 内科【ないか】 • ① internal medicine, i.e. treatment by medical procedures rather than surgical procedures ② department of internal medicine (hospital, etc.)

② 南米【なんべい】 • South America

② 日常【にちじょう】 • ordinary, regular, everyday, usual

② 能【のう】 • ① talent, gift, function ② noh (theatre)

② 農村【のうそん】 • agricultural community, farm village, rural

② 農薬【のうやく】 • agricultural chemical (i.e. pesticide, herbicide, fungicide, etc.), agrochemical, agrichemical

② 畑【はたけ】 • ① field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.), cultivated land, vegetable plot, kitchen garden, plantation ② field (of specialization), sphere, area

② 発想【はっそう】 • expression (e.g. in music), idea, conception

② 半島【はんとう】 • peninsula

② 反【はん】 • anti-, opposite, antithesis, antagonism

② 番地【ばんち】 • house number, address

② 飛行【ひこう】 • aviation

② 筆記【ひっき】 • (taking) notes, copying

② 筆者【ひっしゃ】 • writer (often in self-reference), author

② 表紙【ひょうし】 • front cover, binding

② 負け【まけ】 • defeat, loss, losing (a game)

② 部品【ぶひん】 • parts, accessories, components

② 風船【ふうせん】 • balloon (esp. small, toy variety)

② 物語る【ものがたる】 • to tell, to indicate

② 分量【ぶんりょう】 • amount, quantity

② 平日【へいじつ】 • ① weekday, ordinary days (i.e. non-holiday) ② kanji radical 73

② 放る【ほうる】 • ① to let go, to abandon, to leave undone ② to throw, to toss, to fling

② 方面【ほうめん】 • ① direction, district, area ② field (e.g. of study)

② 防止【ぼうし】 • prevention, check

② 防犯【ぼうはん】 • prevention of crime

② 本部【ほんぶ】 • headquarters, head office, main office

② 満員【まんいん】 • full house, no vacancy, sold out, standing room only, full (of people), crowded

② 無数【むすう】 • countless number, infinite number

② 名所【めいしょ】 • ① famous place ② name of a part (of an instrument, etc.) ③ name and address

② 名物【めいぶつ】 • famous product, special product, speciality, specialty

② 明け方【あけがた】 • dawn

② 目次【もくじ】 • table of contents

② 夜間【やかん】 • at night, nighttime

② 役者【やくしゃ】 • actor, actress

② 役所【やくしょ】 • government office, public office

② 役人【やくにん】 • government official

② 役目【やくめ】 • duty, business, role

② 薬局【やっきょく】 • pharmacy, chemist (shop), drugstore

② 薬品【やくひん】 • medicine, chemicals

② 油断【ゆだん】 • negligence, unpreparedness

② 有無【うむ】 • ① existence or nonexistence, presence or absence ② consent or refusal, yes or no ③ flag indicator, presence or absence marker

② 予防【よぼう】 • prevention, precaution, protection against

② 用語【ようご】 • term, terminology

② 理科【りか】 • science

② 留守番【るすばん】 • ① care-taking, house-sitting, house-watching ② caretaker, house-sitter

② 列島【れっとう】 • archipelago, chain of islands

② 録音【ろくおん】 • (audio) recording

② 和【わ】 • ① sum ② harmony, peace ③ Japanese-style

② 等【とう】 • ① class, order, rank ② et cetera (etc.), and the like ③ equal

② 両側【りょうがわ】 • both sides

② 温かい【あたたかい】 • warm, mild, genial

② 温める【あたためる】 • to warm, to heat

② 当てはめる【あてはめる】 • to apply, to adapt

② 植木【うえき】 • garden shrubs, trees, potted plant

② 係わる【かかわる】 • ① to be affected, to be influenced ② to be concerned with, to have to do with ③ to stick to (opinions)

② 区切る【くぎる】 • to demarcate, to delimit, to to divide (an area), to mark off, to cut off

② 退く【どく】 • ① to step aside, to move (i.e. out of the way), to make way ② to resign, to retire, to quit, to secede

② 先頭【せんとう】 • head, lead, vanguard, first

② ため息【ためいき】 • sigh

② 中身【なかみ】 • contents, interior, substance, filling, (sword) blade

② 話し合い【はなしあい】 • discussion, conference

② 反映【はんえい】 • ① influence ② to apply, to implement ③ reflection

② 混ざる【まざる】 • to be mixed (colours, liquids, odours...), to be blended with, to associate with, to mingle with, to join

② 混じる【まじる】 • to be mixed, to be blended with, to associate with, to mingle with, to interest, to join

② 集まり【あつまり】 • gathering, meeting, assembly, collection

② 都【と】 • metropolitan, municipal

② 集【しゅう】 • collection, compilation

② 移す【うつす】 • ① to change, to swap, to substitute, to transfer ② to change the object of one's interest or focus ③ to spend or take time ④ to infect ⑤ to permeate something with the smell or colour of something ⑥ to move on to the next or different stage of (a plan, etc.)

② 移転【いてん】 • moving, transfer, demise

② 医療【いりょう】 • medical care, medical treatment

② 育児【いくじ】 • childcare, nursing, upbringing

② 運河【うんが】 • canal, waterway

② 園芸【えんげい】 • horticulture, gardening

② 延長【えんちょう】 • ① extension, elongation, prolongation, lengthening ② Enchou era (923.4.11-931.4.26)

② 下降【かこう】 • downward, descent, fall, drop, subsidence

② 加熱【かねつ】 • heating

② 可【か】 • passable, acceptable, tolerable, fair

② 可決【かけつ】 • approval, adoption (e.g. motion, bill), passage

② 課税【かぜい】 • taxation

② 課程【かてい】 • course, curriculum

② 貨物【かもつ】 • ① cargo, freight ② money or assets

② 過程【かてい】 • process

② 過半数【かはんすう】 • majority

② 解く【ほどく】 • to unfasten, to untie, to unwrap (e.g. parcel)

② 解説【かいせつ】 • explanation, commentary, exposition, elucidation

② 解答【かいとう】 • answer, solution

② 解放【かいほう】 • ① release, unleashing, liberation, emancipation, setting free ② deallocation (of computer memory)

② 改めて【あらためて】 • another time, again, over again, anew, formally

② 改める【あらためる】 • ① to change, to alter, to revise, to replace ② to reform, to correct, to mend, to improve ③ to examine, to check, to inspect ④ to do properly, to do formally

② 改札【かいさつ】 • ① examination of tickets ② ticket gate, ticket barrier

② 改正【かいせい】 • revision, amendment, alteration

② 改造【かいぞう】 • ① remodeling, remodelling, restructuring ② modding

② 灰【はい】 • ash, ashes

② 灰色【はいいろ】 • grey, gray, ashen

② 各自【かくじ】 • individual, each

② 各地【かくち】 • every place, various places

② 格別【かくべつ】 • exceptional

② 覚ます【さます】 • ① to awaken ② to disabuse ③ to sober up

② 官庁【かんちょう】 • government office, authorities

② 缶詰【かんづめ】 • packing (in cans), canning, canned goods, tin can

② 観測【かんそく】 • observation

② 関西【かんさい】 • Kansai (south-western half of Japan, including Osaka)

② 関東【かんとう】 • Kantou (eastern half of Japan, including Tokyo)

② 含める【ふくめる】 • to include, to instruct, to make one understand, to put in one's mouth

② 危うい【あやうい】 • ① dangerous, risky, hazardous, perilous, precarious ② in danger, in jeopardy, critical, grave, at risk ③ uncertain, unreliable, insecure, unsteady, doubtful ④ close (i.e. a close call), narrow

② 寄せる【よせる】 • ① to come near, to let someone approach ② to collect, to gather, to receive ③ to add ④ to put aside

② 幾【いく】 • ① some, several ② many ③ how many?, how much?

② 期限【きげん】 • ① term, period, time frame ② time limit, deadline, cutoff (date)

② 機関【きかん】 • ① engine ② agency, organisation, organization, institution, organ ③ system, facility, facilities

② 気圧【きあつ】 • atmospheric pressure

② 規律【きりつ】 • ① order, observance, discipline ② rules, law, regulations

② 起床【きしょう】 • rising, getting out of bed

② 議員【ぎいん】 • member of the Diet, congress or parliament

② 詰まる【つまる】 • ① to be blocked, to be packed ② to hit the ball near the handle of the bat (baseball)

② 客席【きゃくせき】 • guest seating

② 給与【きゅうよ】 • pay, salary, wages, allowance, grant, supply

② 漁業【ぎょぎょう】 • fishing (industry)

② 漁師【りょうし】 • fisherman

② 競馬【けいば】 • horse racing

② 境【さかい】 • border, boundary, mental state

② 境界【きょうかい】 • boundary

② 極力【きょくりょく】 • to the utmost, to the best of one's ability

② 務める【つとめる】 • ① to work (for), to be employed (at), to serve (in) ② to serve (as), to act (as), to fill (the position of), to play the role (of) ③ to conduct a religious service

② 近寄る【ちかよる】 • to approach, to draw near

② 区域【くいき】 • ① limits, boundary, domain, zone, sphere, territory ② area (e.g. in programming languages)

② 群れ【むれ】 • group, crowd, flock, herd, bevy, school, swarm, cluster (of stars), clump

② 形容詞【けいようし】 • (true) adjective, i-adjective

② 敬語【けいご】 • honorific, term of respect

② 警備【けいび】 • defense, defence, guard, policing, security

② 芸能【げいのう】 • public entertainment, accomplishments, attainments

② 血圧【けつあつ】 • blood pressure

② 血液【けつえき】 • blood

② 月給【げっきゅう】 • monthly salary

② 月末【げつまつ】 • end of the month

② 県庁【けんちょう】 • prefectural office

② 見舞う【みまう】 • to ask after (health), to visit

② 軒【のき】 • ① eaves ② narrow aisle surrounding the core of a temple building

② 現す【あらわす】 • ① to reveal, to show, to display ② to express ③ to represent, to signify, to stand for ④ to make widely known

② 現に【げんに】 • actually, really

② 限度【げんど】 • limit, bounds

② 個体【こたい】 • an individual

② 固まる【かたまる】 • ① to harden, to solidify ② to become firm, to become certain ③ to gather (together), to assemble, to huddle together

② 交差【こうさ】 • ① crossing, intersection ② (genetic) crossing over

② 候補【こうほ】 • ① candidate, contender, prospect, pick, choice, list ② candidacy, candidature, nomination

② 公害【こうがい】 • pollution, public nuisance, contamination

② 公共【こうきょう】 • public, community, public service, society, communal

② 公務【こうむ】 • official business, public business

② 効力【こうりょく】 • effect, efficacy, validity, potency

② 工芸【こうげい】 • industrial arts

② 工夫【くふう】 • ① scheme, device, scheming, devising, figuring out, coming up with, solving ingeniously ② dedication to spiritual improvement (esp. through Zen meditation)

② 構造【こうぞう】 • structure, construction

② 肯定【こうてい】 • positive, affirmation

② 荒い【あらい】 • rough, rude, wild

② 講師【こうし】 • lecturer

② 鉱物【こうぶつ】 • mineral

② 香水【こうすい】 • perfume

② 高層【こうそう】 • multistory, multistoried, high-rise, high, tall

② 国籍【こくせき】 • nationality

② 再【さい】 • re-, again, repeated

② 再三【さいさん】 • again and again, repeatedly

② 採点【さいてん】 • marking, grading, looking over

② 在学【ざいがく】 • (enrolled) in school

② 作法【さほう】 • manners, etiquette, propriety

② 雑音【ざつおん】 • noise (jarring, grating)

② 散らす【ちらす】 • to scatter, to disperse, to distribute

② 散る【ちる】 • ① to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves) ② to scatter, to be dispersed ③ to disappear, to dissolve, to break up ④ to spread, to run, to blur ⑤ to die a noble death

② 産地【さんち】 • producing area

② 刺身【さしみ】 • sashimi (sliced raw fish)

② 子孫【しそん】 • descendants, posterity, offspring

② 思い込む【おもいこむ】 • to be under impression that, to be convinced that, to imagine that, to set one's heart on, to be bent on

② 脂【あぶら】 • fat, tallow, lard, grease

② 資本【しほん】 • funds, capital

② 児童【じどう】 • children, juvenile

② 自治【じち】 • self-government, autonomy

② 自宅【じたく】 • one's home

② 湿る【しめる】 • to be wet, to become wet, to be damp

② 湿度【しつど】 • level of humidity

② 実績【じっせき】 • achievements, actual results

② 社説【しゃせつ】 • editorial, leading article

② 車輪【しゃりん】 • (car) wheel

② 終了【しゅうりょう】 • end, close, termination

② 祝日【しゅくじつ】 • national holiday

② 初歩【しょほ】 • elements, rudiments, ABCs of ...

② 書籍【しょせき】 • book, publication

② 勝敗【しょうはい】 • victory or defeat, issue (of battle), outcome

② 床屋【とこや】 • barbershop, barber

② 承る【うけたまわる】 • ① to hear, to be told, to know ② to receive (order), to undertake, to comply, to take (a reservation, etc.)

② 消毒【しょうどく】 • disinfection, sterilization, sterilisation

② 省略【しょうりゃく】 • omission, abbreviation, abridgment, abridgement

② 賞金【しょうきん】 • prize, monetary award

② 賞品【しょうひん】 • prize, trophy

② 蒸気【じょうき】 • steam, vapour, vapor

② 職人【しょくにん】 • worker, mechanic, artisan, craftsman

② 延びる【のびる】 • ① to stretch, to extend, to lengthen, to spread ② to make progress, to grow (beard, body height) ③ to grow stale (soba) ④ to be straightened, to be flattened, to be smoothed ⑤ to be exhausted ⑥ to be postponed, to be prolonged

② 心得る【こころえる】 • to be informed, to have thorough knowledge

② 真似る【まねる】 • to mimic, to imitate

② 制作【せいさく】 • work (film, book)

② 姓【せい】 • ① surname, family name ② hereditary title (used in ancient Japan to denote rank and political standing)

② 性能【せいのう】 • ability, performance, efficiency

② 性別【せいべつ】 • distinction by sex, sex, gender

② 成分【せいぶん】 • ingredient, component, composition

② 成立【せいりつ】 • ① coming into existence, arrangements, establishment, conclusion, completion ② to come into existence, to be true, to hold (i.e. hold true)

② 政党【せいとう】 • political party

② 清掃【せいそう】 • cleaning

② 生存【せいぞん】 • ① existence, being, survival ② to exist, to live, to survive

② 税関【ぜいかん】 • customs house

② 接近【せっきん】 • getting closer, drawing nearer, approaching

② 接続【せつぞく】 • ① connection, attachment, union, join, joint, link ② changing trains ③ conjunction

② 先祖【せんぞ】 • ancestor

② 先程【さきほど】 • some time ago

② 占う【うらなう】 • to tell someone's fortune, to forecast, to predict, to divine

② 泉【いずみ】 • spring, fountain

② 浅い【あさい】 • shallow, superficial

② 祖先【そせん】 • ancestor

② 争う【あらそう】 • ① to compete, to contest, to contend ② to quarrel, to argue, to dispute, to be at variance, to oppose ③ (usu. in negative form) to deny (e.g. evidence)

② 相違【そうい】 • difference, discrepancy, variation

② 窓口【まどぐち】 • ① ticket window, teller window, counter ② contact person, point of contact

② 増減【ぞうげん】 • increase and decrease, fluctuation

② 増大【ぞうだい】 • enlargement, increase

② 束【たば】 • bundle, bunch, sheaf

② 測定【そくてい】 • measurement

② 測量【そくりょう】 • measurement, surveying

② 体制【たいせい】 • order, system, structure, set-up, organization, organisation

② 対照【たいしょう】 • contrast, antithesis, comparison

② 代名詞【だいめいし】 • ① pronoun ② synonym, classic example, pattern, byword, representative

② 大戦【たいせん】 • great war, great battle

② 宅【たく】 • house, home, husband

② 担ぐ【かつぐ】 • ① to shoulder, to carry on one's shoulder ② to take (someone) for a ride, to deceive, to take in

② 探る【さぐる】 • to search, to look for, to sound out

② 団地【だんち】 • multi-unit apartments

② 段階【だんかい】 • gradation, grade, stage, steps, order, class, phase

② 着替え【きがえ】 • changing clothes, change of clothes

② 着替える【きがえる】 • to change one's clothes

② 中絶【ちゅうぜつ】 • ① abortion ② to have an abortion ③ interruption, discontinuance, suspension, abeyance

② 中途【ちゅうと】 • in the middle, half-way

② 昼寝【ひるね】 • nap (afternoon), siesta

② 貯蔵【ちょぞう】 • storage, preservation

② 超過【ちょうか】 • excess, being more than

② 頂点【ちょうてん】 • top, summit

② 通貨【つうか】 • currency

② 通信【つうしん】 • correspondence, communication, transmission, news, signal

② 停止【ていし】 • suspension, interruption, stoppage, ban, standstill, halt, hang-up, deadlock, stalemate, abeyance

② 停車【ていしゃ】 • stopping (e.g. train)

② 停電【ていでん】 • power outage, electricity outage, blackout, failure of electricity supply

② 盗難【とうなん】 • theft, robbery

② 灯油【とうゆ】 • lamp oil, kerosene

② 頭脳【ずのう】 • head, brains, intellect

② 突き【つき】 • a thrust, a pass, a lunge, a stab

② 突く【つく】 • ① to prick, to stab ② to poke, to prod, to push, to thrust, to nudge, to hit, to strike ③ to use (a cane), to prop oneself up with, to press against (the floor, etc.) ④ to attack ⑤ to brave (the rain, etc.)

② 日程【にってい】 • schedule, program, programme, agenda

② 熱帯【ねったい】 • tropics

② 濃度【のうど】 • ① concentration, thickness, density ② cardinality

② 農産物【のうさんぶつ】 • agricultural produce

② 破れる【やぶれる】 • to get torn, to wear out

② 拝見【はいけん】 • seeing, look at

② 背負う【せおう】 • to be burdened with, to carry on back or shoulder

② 薄暗い【うすぐらい】 • dim, gloomy

② 判事【はんじ】 • judge, judiciary

② 反省【はんせい】 • reflection, reconsideration, introspection, meditation, contemplation

② 革【かわ】 • leather

② 美容【びよう】 • beauty of figure or form

② 不可【ふか】 • wrong, bad, improper, unjustifiable, inadvisable

② 付近【ふきん】 • neighbourhood, neighborhood, vicinity, environs

② 浮く【うく】 • ① to float ② to become merry ③ to become loose

② 武道【ぶどう】 • martial arts, military arts, Bushido

② 副【ふく】 • ① assistant, associate, vice-, sub-, deputy, substitute, auxiliary, supplementary, additional, collateral ② duplicate, copy

② 複数【ふくすう】 • several, plural, plurality, multiple

② 仏【ほとけ】 • ① Buddha, merciful person, Buddhist image ② the dead

② 分解【ぶんかい】 • ① disassembly, dismantling, disaggregating, analysis, disintegrating, decomposing, degrading ② factorization ③ decomposition, resolution ④ deblocking

② 分布【ぶんぷ】 • distribution, dissemination, allocation

② 文芸【ぶんげい】 • literature, art and literature, belles-lettres

② 並行【へいこう】 • (going) side by side, concurrent, abreast, at the same time, occurring together, parallel, parallelism

② 閉会【へいかい】 • closure (of a ceremony, event, meeting, etc.)

② 片道【かたみち】 • one-way (trip)

② 編【へん】 • ① compilation (of a text), editing ② volume (of a text) ③ completed literary work

② 捕る【とる】 • to take, to catch (fish), to capture

② 補う【おぎなう】 • to compensate for, to supplement

② 募集【ぼしゅう】 • recruiting, taking applications

② 包装【ほうそう】 • packing, wrapping

② 報【ほう】 • information, news, report

② 方程式【ほうていしき】 • equation, formula

② 暴れる【あばれる】 • to act violently, to rage, to struggle, to be riotous

② 枚数【まいすう】 • ① the number of flat things ② win-loss difference which influences the ranking of sumo wrestlers

② 未【み】 • not yet, un-

② 民間【みんかん】 • private, civilian, civil, popular, folk, unofficial

② 亡くす【なくす】 • ① to lose something ② to get rid of ③ to lose someone (wife, child, etc.)

② 無限【むげん】 • infinite

② 名刺【めいし】 • business card

② 名詞【めいし】 • noun

② 面積【めんせき】 • area

② 木材【もくざい】 • lumber, timber, wood

② 目印【めじるし】 • mark, sign, landmark

② 輸送【ゆそう】 • transport, transportation

② 夕刊【ゆうかん】 • evening paper

② 予備【よび】 • preparation, preliminaries, reserve, spare

② 予報【よほう】 • forecast, prediction

② 溶かす【とかす】 • to melt, to dissolve

② 溶け込む【とけこむ】 • ① to melt into, to merge into ② to fit in, to adapt, to blend

② 用途【ようと】 • use, usefulness, utility, service

② 頼もしい【たのもしい】 • reliable, trustworthy, hopeful, promising

② 乱暴【らんぼう】 • rude, violent, rough, lawless, unreasonable, reckless

② 利害【りがい】 • advantages and disadvantages, interest

② 略す【りゃくす】 • ① to abbreviate, to omit ② to take, to capture

② 流域【りゅういき】 • (river) basin

② 粒【つぶ】 • grain, bead

② 冷める【さめる】 • ① to become cool, to come down (fever) ② to cool down (interest), to abate, to subside, to dampen

② 冷やす【ひやす】 • to cool, to chill, to refrigerate

② 冷凍【れいとう】 • freezing, cold storage, refrigeration

② 連合【れんごう】 • ① union, alliance, combination ② RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)

② 湾【わん】 • bay, gulf, inlet

② 傾く【かたむく】 • to incline toward, to slant, to lurch, to heel over, to be disposed to, to trend toward, to be prone to, to go down (sun), to wane, to sink, to decline

② 紅葉【こうよう】 • ① autumn colours, fall colors, leaves changing color (colour) ② leaves turning red, red leaves ③ leaves turning yellow, yellow leaves ④ (Japanese) maple (Acer japonicum)

② 足跡【あしあと】 • footprints

② 代替【だいたい】 • ① change of ownership, substitution, subrogation, alternation ② alternative, substitute

② 値【ね】 • ① price, cost ② value, worth, merit ③ variable (computer programming, programing) ④ value, count, number ⑤ to have value, to have merit

② 銅【どう】 • copper

② 抱く【だく】 • ① to embrace, to hold in the arms (e.g. a baby), to hug ② to harbour (e.g. grudge) (harbor), to bear (e.g. a grudge), to entertain (e.g. suspicion) ③ to sleep with ④ to sit on eggs

② 浴衣【ゆかた】 • yukata (light cotton kimono worn in the summer or used as a bathrobe)

② 押さえる【おさえる】 • ① to pin something down, to hold something down, to hold something back, to stop, to restrain, to curb ② to seize, to grasp, to arrest ③ to gain control of something, to govern, to keep down (e.g. information), to suppress ④ to catch happening, to determine (important points), to find (proof), to understand

② 換える【かえる】 • ① to replace ② to exchange, to interchange ③ to substitute

② 個所【かしょ】 • passage, place, point, part

② 共同【きょうどう】 • doing together (as equals), sharing, common (land, etc.), joint (statement, etc.), cooperation, co-operation, collaboration, association

② 組み合わせ【くみあわせ】 • combination

② 超える【こえる】 • ① to cross over, to cross, to pass through, to pass over (out of) ② to exceed

② 住居【じゅうきょ】 • dwelling, house, residence, address

② すれ違う【すれちがう】 • to pass by one another, to disagree, to miss each other

② 相互【そうご】 • mutual, reciprocal

② 各々【おのおの】 • each, every, either, respectively, severally

② 続々【ぞくぞく】 • successively, one after another

② 炭鉱【たんこう】 • coal mine, coal pit

② 短編【たんぺん】 • short (e.g. story, film)

② 造る【つくる】 • ① to make, to produce, to manufacture, to build, to construct ② to prepare (food), to brew (alcohol) ③ to raise, to grow, to cultivate, to train ④ to till ⑤ to draw up (a document), to make out, to prepare, to write ⑥ to create (an artistic work, etc.), to compose ⑦ to coin (a phrase), to organize, to organise, to establish, to found ⑧ to have (a child) ⑨ to make up (one's face, etc.) ⑩ to fabricate (an excuse, etc.) ⑪ to form (a line, etc.) ⑫ to set (a record) ⑬ to commit (a sin, etc.)

② 出掛ける【でかける】 • to depart, to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing), to set out, to start, to be going out

② 採る【とる】 • ① to adopt (measure, proposal) ② to pick (fruit), to catch (insects), to take (e.g. a sample) ③ to assume (attitude) ④ to take on (i.e. hire), to engage

② 治す【なおす】 • ① to cure, to heal ② to fix, to correct, to repair ③ to do over again (after -masu base of verb) ④ to replace, to put back as it was ⑤ to convert (into a different state), to transform

② 延ばす【のばす】 • to postpone

② 乗り換え【のりかえ】 • transfer (trains, buses, etc.)

② 測る【はかる】 • ① to measure, to weigh, to survey, to time (sound, gauge, estimate) ② to conjecture, to infer, to surmise

② 挟む【はさむ】 • to interpose, to hold between, to insert

② 果たして【はたして】 • ① as was expected, just as one thought, sure enough, as a result ② really? (in questions), ever?

② 引っ越し【ひっこし】 • moving (dwelling, office, etc.), changing residence

② 増やす【ふやす】 • to increase, to add to, to augment

② 編集【へんしゅう】 • editing, compilation, editorial (e.g. committee)

② 干す【ほす】 • ① to air, to dry, to desiccate ② to drain (off) ③ to drink up ④ to deprive of a role, job, etc. (usu. in the passive)

② 見慣れる【みなれる】 • to become used to seeing, to be familiar with

② 割引【わりびき】 • discount, reduction, rebate, tenths discounted

② 欧米【おうべい】 • Europe and America, the West

② 水産【すいさん】 • marine products, fisheries

② 段【だん】 • ① step, stair, (flight of) steps, (row of) stitches, columns (of print) ② grade, rank, level ③ counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.)

② 団【だん】 • body, group, party, company, troupe

② 隻【せき】 • counter for ships

② 現【げん】 • present, current

② 位【い】 • ① place, rank ② decimal place ③ counter for ghosts

② 戦【せん】 • match, competition

② 省【しょう】 • ① ministry, department ② province (of China) ③ saving, conserving

② 領【りょう】 • territory of (country)

② 産【さん】 • ① (giving) birth, childbirth, delivery, confinement ② native of, product of ③ assets, property, fortune

② 付【づけ】 • dated (e.g. a letter), date of effect (e.g. a rule change)

② 済み【ずみ】 • arranged, taken care of, settled, completed

② 家【か】 • -ist (used after a noun indicating someone's occupation, pursuits, disposition, etc.), -er

② 哀れ【あわれ】 • ① pity, sorrow, grief, misery, compassion, pathos ② pitiable, pitiful, pathetic, miserable ③ alack, alas

② 圧縮【あっしゅく】 • compression, condensation, constriction, compaction

② 案外【あんがい】 • unexpectedly

② 意義【いぎ】 • meaning, significance

② 為す【なす】 • to do, to perform

② 為替【かわせ】 • ① money order, draft ② exchange (e.g. foreign)

② 一応【いちおう】 • once, tentatively, in outline, for the time being, just in case

② 衛星【えいせい】 • satellite

② 宴会【えんかい】 • party, banquet

② 艶【つや】 • gloss, glaze

② 凹む【へこむ】 • ① to be dented, to be indented, to yield to, to give, to sink, to collapse, to cave in ② to be snubbed, to be overwhelmed, to feel down, to be forced to yield

② 往復【おうふく】 • round trip, coming and going, return ticket

② 応援【おうえん】 • aid, assistance, help, reinforcement, rooting, barracking, support, cheering

② 応対【おうたい】 • receiving, dealing with

② 応用【おうよう】 • application, put to practical use

② 恩【おん】 • favour, favor, obligation, debt of gratitude

② 恩恵【おんけい】 • grace, favor, favour, blessing, benefit

② 下旬【げじゅん】 • month (last third of)

② 仮定【かてい】 • assumption, supposition, hypothesis

② 嫁【よめ】 • ① wife, bride ② (one's) daughter-in-law

② 架空【かくう】 • aerial, overhead, fiction, fanciful

② 花嫁【はなよめ】 • bride

② 過剰【かじょう】 • excess, over-

② 街角【まちかど】 • street corner

② 拡充【かくじゅう】 • expansion

② 拡張【かくちょう】 • expansion, extension, enlargement, escape, ESC

② 殻【から】 • shell, husk, hull, pod, chaff

② 確信【かくしん】 • conviction, belief, confidence

② 確率【かくりつ】 • probability, likelihood, chances

② 隔てる【へだてる】 • to be shut out, to separate, to isolate

② 学級【がっきゅう】 • (school) class

② 楽器【がっき】 • musical instrument

② 活躍【かつやく】 • ① activity (esp. energetic), great efforts, conspicuous service ② to flourish, to participate actively, to play an active role

② 勘【かん】 • perception, intuition, the sixth sense

② 勘違い【かんちがい】 • misunderstanding, wrong guess

② 感激【かんげき】 • deep emotion, impression, inspiration

② 看板【かんばん】 • sign, signboard, doorplate, poster, billboard, appearance, figurehead, policy, attraction, closing time

② 緩い【ゆるい】 • loose, lenient, slow

② 鑑賞【かんしょう】 • appreciation (e.g. of art), aesthetic sense

② 間隔【かんかく】 • space, interval, SPC

② 器具【きぐ】 • utensil, apparatus, implement, device, gadget

② 基地【きち】 • base

② 基盤【きばん】 • foundation, basis, base, footing

② 飢える【うえる】 • to starve, to thirst, to be hungry

② 休養【きゅうよう】 • rest, break, recreation

② 及ぼす【およぼす】 • to exert, to cause, to exercise

② 恐縮【きょうしゅく】 • shame, very kind of you, sorry to trouble

② 教養【きょうよう】 • culture, education, refinement, cultivation

② 興奮【こうふん】 • excitement, stimulation, agitation, arousal

② 驚かす【おどろかす】 • to surprise, to frighten, to create a stir

② 句【く】 • ① section (i.e. of text), sentence, passage, paragraph ② phrase ③ verse (of 5 or 7 mora in Japanese poetry; of 4, 5, or 7 characters in Chinese poetry) ④ haiku, first 17 morae of a renga, etc. ⑤ maxim, saying, idiom, expression

② 郡【ぐん】 • ① district, county ② district (of 2-20 50-home neighbourhoods or townships, in the Ritsuryo period)

② 系統【けいとう】 • system, family line, geological formation, lineage, ancestry

② 継続【けいぞく】 • continuation

② 堅い【かたい】 • ① hard, solid, tough ② stiff, tight, wooden, unpolished (e.g. writing) ③ strong, firm (not viscous or easily moved) ④ safe, steady, honest, steadfast ⑤ obstinate, stubborn ⑥ bookish, formal, stuffy

② 研修【けんしゅう】 • training (esp. in-service), induction course

② 謙虚【けんきょ】 • modesty, humility

② 賢明【けんめい】 • wisdom, intelligence, prudence

② 顕微鏡【けんびきょう】 • microscope

② 厳重【げんじゅう】 • strict, rigour, rigor, severe, firm, strong, secure

② 古典【こてん】 • old book, classics, classic

② 娯楽【ごらく】 • pleasure, amusement

② 後輩【こうはい】 • junior (at work or school)

② ご無沙汰【ごぶさた】 • not writing or contacting for a while, neglecting (failing) to write (call, visit, etc.), long silence

② 御覧【ごらん】 • ① (after the -te form of a verb) (please) try to ② (please) look ③ seeing, looking, watching

② 公衆【こうしゅう】 • the public, general public

② 功績【こうせき】 • achievements, merit, meritorious service, meritorious deed

② 好き嫌い【すききらい】 • likes and dislikes, taste

② 攻める【せめる】 • to attack, to assault

② 校舎【こうしゃ】 • school building

② 綱【つな】 • ① rope ② sumo grand champion's braided belt

② 項目【こうもく】 • (data) item, entry

② 高級【こうきゅう】 • high class, high grade

② 恨み【うらみ】 • ① resentment, grudge, malice, bitterness ② matter for regret, regret

② 恨む【うらむ】 • ① to resent, to curse, to feel bitter, to blame, to bear a grudge ② to regret

② 鎖【くさり】 • chain, chains

② 催し【もよおし】 • event, festivities, function, social gathering, auspices, opening, holding (a meeting)

② 砕く【くだく】 • to break, to smash

② 削る【けずる】 • ① to shave (wood or leather), to sharpen, to plane, to whittle, to pare, to scrape off ② to cross out, to reduce, to curtail, to remove, to erase, to delete

② 削除【さくじょ】 • elimination, cancellation, deletion, erasure, DEL (key)

② 索引【さくいん】 • index, indices, indexes

② 撮影【さつえい】 • photographing

② 殺人【さつじん】 • murder

② 司会【しかい】 • chairmanship, leading a meeting

② 姿勢【しせい】 • attitude, posture

② 市場【しじょう】 • (the) market (as a concept)

② 氏名【しめい】 • full name, identity

② 紙幣【しへい】 • paper money, notes, bills

② 紫【むらさき】 • ① purple, violet ② Lithospermum erythrorhizon (species of gromwell) ③ type of soy sauce

② 磁石【じしゃく】 • ① magnet ② compass

② 自衛【じえい】 • self-defense, self-defence

② 執筆【しっぴつ】 • writing (e.g. as a profession)

② 斜め【ななめ】 • ① slanting, tilted, sloping, diagonal, oblique ② unusual, slanted (view of the world), bad (mood)

② 煮る【にる】 • to boil, to cook

② 受け入れる【うけいれる】 • to accept, to receive

② 寿命【じゅみょう】 • life span

② 就任【しゅうにん】 • inauguration, assumption of office

② 修繕【しゅうぜん】 • repair, mending

② 醜い【みにくい】 • ① ugly, unattractive ② unsightly, unseemly

② 縦【たて】 • ① the vertical, height ② front-to-back, length

② 縮める【ちぢめる】 • to shorten, to reduce, to boil down, to shrink

② 縮小【しゅくしょう】 • reduction, curtailment

② 循環【じゅんかん】 • circulation, rotation, cycle

② 純粋【じゅんすい】 • pure, true, genuine, unmixed

② 巡る【めぐる】 • ① to go around ② to return ③ to surround ④ to concern (usu. of disputes)

② 順序【じゅんじょ】 • order, sequence, procedure

② 初級【しょきゅう】 • elementary level

② 初旬【しょじゅん】 • first 10 days of the month

② 助教授【じょきょうじゅ】 • assistant professor

② 将棋【しょうぎ】 • shogi, Japanese chess, xianqi

② 小遣い【こづかい】 • pocket money, spending money, pin money, allowance

② 焦点【しょうてん】 • focus (e.g. photographic), focal point

② 鐘【かね】 • bell (often a large hanging bell), chime

② 上級【じょうきゅう】 • advanced level, high grade, senior

② 上旬【じょうじゅん】 • first 10 days of month

② 載る【のる】 • ① to get on, to ride in, to board, to mount, to get up on ② to spread (paints), to be taken in ③ to share in, to join, to feel like doing, to be mentioned in, to be in harmony with ④ to appear (in print), to be recorded, to be found in (a dictionary)

② 蒸し暑い【むしあつい】 • humid, sultry

② 飾り【かざり】 • decoration

② 振り【ふり】 • ① pretence (pretense), show ② appearance, behaviour ③ swing, swinging ④ lacking a reservation or introduction (at a restaurant, etc.) ⑤ unsewn part of a hanging sleeve on a traditional Japanese woman's garment

② 新幹線【しんかんせん】 • bullet train (very high speed), Shinkansen

② 申請【しんせい】 • application, request, petition

② 診断【しんだん】 • diagnosis

② 酢【す】 • vinegar

② 図鑑【ずかん】 • illustrated reference book, illustrated encyclopedia (esp. for children), picture book

② 垂直【すいちょく】 • vertical, perpendicular

② 推定【すいてい】 • ① presumption, assumption ② estimation

② 水素【すいそ】 • hydrogen

② 杉【すぎ】 • Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica

② 澄む【すむ】 • to clear (e.g. weather), to become transparent

② 寸法【すんぽう】 • measurement, size, extent, dimension

② 整備【せいび】 • maintenance, servicing, outfitting

② 製作【せいさく】 • manufacture, production

② 西暦【せいれき】 • Christian Era, CE, anno domini, AD

② 惜しい【おしい】 • ① regrettable, disappointing ② precious, dear, valuable ③ too good for, deserving better ④ almost but not quite

② 先端【せんたん】 • pointed end, tip, fine point, spearhead, cusp, vanguard, advanced, leading edge

② 宣伝【せんでん】 • propaganda, publicity, advertisement, advertising

② 洗剤【せんざい】 • detergent, washing material

② 素人【しろうと】 • amateur, novice

② 素直【すなお】 • ① obedient, meek, docile, unaffected ② honest, frank

② 創作【そうさく】 • production, literary creation, work

② 倉庫【そうこ】 • storehouse, warehouse, godown

② 爽やか【さわやか】 • fresh, refreshing, invigorating, clear, fluent, eloquent

② 葬式【そうしき】 • funeral

② あう • ① to meet, to encounter ② to have an accident, to have a bad experience

② 太鼓【たいこ】 • drum

② 妥当【だとう】 • valid, proper, right, appropriate

② 体系【たいけい】 • system, organization, organisation, architecture

② 体操【たいそう】 • gymnastics, physical exercises, calisthenics

② 対策【たいさく】 • counter-plan, counter-measure

② 滝【たき】 • waterfall

② 但し【ただし】 • but, however, provided that

② 脱線【だっせん】 • derailment, digression

② 弾【たま】 • ① ball, sphere, globe, orb ② bead (of sweat, dew, etc.), drop, droplet ③ ball (in sports) ④ pile (of noodles, etc.) ⑤ bullet ⑥ bulb (i.e. a light bulb) ⑦ ens (of glasses, etc.) ⑧ bead (of an abacus) ⑨ egg ⑩ gem, jewel (esp. spherical; sometimes used figuratively), pearl ⑪ female entertainer (e.g. a geisha) ⑫ person (when commenting on their nature), character ⑬ item, funds or person used as part of a plot ⑭ coin ⑮ precious, beautiful, excellent

② 地盤【じばん】 • stronghold, base, (the) ground

② 中旬【ちゅうじゅん】 • middle of a month, second third of a month

② 丁目【ちょうめ】 • district of a town, city block (of irregular size)

② 張り切る【はりきる】 • to be in high spirits, to be full of vigor (vigour), to be enthusiastic, to be eager, to stretch to breaking point

② 彫る【ほる】 • ① to carve, to engrave, to sculpt, to chisel ② to tattoo

② 彫刻【ちょうこく】 • carving, engraving, sculpture

② 調整【ちょうせい】 • regulation, coordination, adjustment, tuning, modification, alteration

② 調節【ちょうせつ】 • regulation, adjustment, control

② 定価【ていか】 • list price, regular price, established price

② 典型【てんけい】 • type, pattern, archetypal

② 天才【てんさい】 • genius, prodigy, natural gift

② 展開【てんかい】 • ① development ② expansion (opposite of compression)

② 吐き気【はきけ】 • nausea, sickness in the stomach

② 吐く【はく】 • ① to breathe ② to tell (lies) ③ to vomit, to disgorge

② 統一【とういつ】 • unity, consolidation, uniformity, unification, compatible

② 透明【とうめい】 • transparency, cleanness

② 瞳【ひとみ】 • ① pupil (of eye) ② eye

② 峠【とうげ】 • ridge, (mountain) pass, difficult part

② 特殊【とくしゅ】 • special, unique

② 独り【ひとり】 • alone, unmarried, solitary

② 独り言【ひとりごと】 • soliloquy, monologue, speaking to oneself

② 縄【なわ】 • rope, hemp

② 能率【のうりつ】 • ① efficiency ② moment (i.e. magnetic moment)

② 派手【はで】 • showy, loud, gay, flashy, gaudy

② 俳句【はいく】 • haiku poetry (17-syllable poem usually in 3 lines of 5, 7 and 5 syllables)

② 鉢【はち】 • ① bowl, pot, basin ② flowerpot ③ crown, brainpan

② 発射【はっしゃ】 • firing, shooting, discharge, catapult, ejaculation (sl)

② 非難【ひなん】 • blame, attack, criticism

② 標識【ひょうしき】 • sign, mark, flag

② 標準【ひょうじゅん】 • standard, level, norm

② 標本【ひょうほん】 • example, specimen, sample

② 評論【ひょうろん】 • criticism, critique

② 敷地【しきち】 • site, plot, lot, grounds

② 普及【ふきゅう】 • diffusion, spread

② 噴火【ふんか】 • eruption

② 文献【ぶんけん】 • literature, books (reference), document

② 文脈【ぶんみゃく】 • context

② 兵隊【へいたい】 • soldier, sailor

② 平凡【へいぼん】 • common, commonplace, ordinary, mediocre

② 別荘【べっそう】 • holiday house, villa

② 保健【ほけん】 • health preservation, hygiene, sanitation

② 包丁【ほうちょう】 • kitchen knife, carving knife

② 崩れる【くずれる】 • to collapse, to crumble

② 泡【あわ】 • bubble, foam, froth, head on beer

② 縫う【ぬう】 • ① to sew, to stitch ② to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)

② 望遠鏡【ぼうえんきょう】 • telescope

② 膨らむ【ふくらむ】 • to expand, to swell (out), to get big, to become inflated

② 墨【すみ】 • ink

② 本気【ほんき】 • seriousness, truth, sanctity

② 盆【ぼん】 • ① O-Bon, Bon Festival, Lantern Festival, Festival of the Dead ② tray ③ family, household

② 摩擦【まさつ】 • friction, rubbing, rubdown, chafe

② 免税【めんぜい】 • tax exemption, duty exemption

② 矢印【やじるし】 • arrow (mark or symbol), directional marker or indicator

② 愉快【ゆかい】 • pleasant, happy

② 只【ただ】 • free of charge

② 幼稚【ようち】 • infancy, childish, infantile

② 幼稚園【ようちえん】 • kindergarten

② 容器【ようき】 • container, vessel

② 要旨【ようし】 • point, essentials, gist, summary, fundamentals

② 浴室【よくしつ】 • bathroom, bath

② 欄【らん】 • ① column of text (e.g. in a newspaper) ② field (in a form, web page, etc.)

② 寮【りょう】 • hostel, dormitory

② 臨時【りんじ】 • temporary, special, extraordinary

② 鈴【すず】 • bell (often globular)

② 廊下【ろうか】 • corridor

② 冠【かんむり】 • ① cap (esp. a traditional cap worn with sokutai or ikan clothing), crown, diadem, coronet ② top kanji radical ③ first verse of a haikai, etc. ④ best, peerless, first

② 脅かす【おどかす】 • ① to threaten, to menace ② to startle, to surprise

② 消耗【しょうもう】 • exhaustion, consumption, waste, dissipation

② 天皇【てんのう】 • Emperor of Japan

② 武士【ぶし】 • warrior, samurai

② 牧場【ぼくじょう】 • ① farm (livestock), ranch (US), station (Aus, NZ) ② pasture land, meadow, grazing land

② 納める【おさめる】 • ① to dedicate, to make an offering, to pay (fees) ② to supply ③ to store ④ to finish, to bring to a close ⑤ to restore (something to its place) ⑥ to achieve (e.g. a result)

② 塊【かたまり】 • lump, mass, bundle, clump, clod, cluster

② 基準【きじゅん】 • standard, basis, criterion, norm, reference, datum

② 悔しい【くやしい】 • regrettable, mortifying, vexing

② 炊く【たく】 • to cook (esp. grain, pulses, etc., such as rice or beans), to boil

② 直径【ちょっけい】 • diameter

② 手帳【てちょう】 • ① notebook, memo pad ② certificate ③ identification card

② 整う【ととのう】 • to be prepared, to be in order, to be put in order, to be arranged

② 載せる【のせる】 • to load (luggage), to carry, to take on board

② 響き【ひびき】 • echo, sound, reverberation, noise

② 付属【ふぞく】 • attached, belonging (to), included, enclosed, affiliated, annexed, associated, subordinate, incidental, dependent, auxiliary

② 膨大【ぼうだい】 • huge, bulky, enormous, extensive, swelling, expansion

② 湧く【わく】 • ① to well (up), to gush forth (of water), to spring out, to surge ② to appear (esp. suddenly) (sweat, tears, etc.) ③ to hatch (esp. of parasitic insects, etc.)

② 潜る【もぐる】 • ① to dive (into or under water) ② to get under, to get into, to get in, to creep into, to crawl under, to bury oneself, to burrow into, to dig oneself into, to snuggle under ③ to hide oneself (esp. from the government), to conceal oneself, to go underground

② 沿い【ぞい】 • along

② 岬【みさき】 • cape (on coast)

② やむを得ない【やむをえない】 • cannot be helped, unavoidable

② 栓【せん】 • stopper, cork, stopcock

② 密【みつ】 • ① density, thickness ② secrecy ③ minute, fine

② おしゃれ • ① smartly dressed, stylish, fashion-conscious ② someone smartly dressed ③ to dress up, to be fashionable

② 飴【あめ】 • (hard) candy, toffee

② いったん • ① once ② for a moment, temporarily

② よる • ① to be due to, to be caused by ② to depend on, to turn on ③ to be based on, to come from

② くだらない • good-for-nothing, stupid, trivial, worthless

② 咳【せき】 • cough, coughing, tussis

② 釜【かま】 • iron pot, kettle

② 瓦【かわら】 • roof tile

② 堪える【こらえる】 • ① to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with ② to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave ③ to be fit for, to be equal to

② 汲む【くむ】 • ① to draw (water), to ladle, to dip, to scoop, to pump ② to have a drink together ③ to consider, to sympathize with, to sympathise with

② そば • ① buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) ② soba (Japanese buckwheat noodles)

② 稽古【けいこ】 • practice, practise, training, study

② つながり • connection, link, relationship

② 繋げる【つなげる】 • to tie, to fasten, to connect, to transfer (phone call)

② 隙間【すきま】 • crevice, crack, gap, opening

② 桁【けた】 • ① column, beam ② digit, decade, order of magnitude

② くれぐれも • repeatedly, sincerely, earnestly

② いきなり • abruptly, suddenly, all of a sudden, without warning

② こする • to rub, to scrub

② とっくに • long ago, already, a long time ago

② いとこ • cousin (female)

② 狙う【ねらう】 • to aim at

② 遡る【さかのぼる】 • to go back, to go upstream, to make retroactive

② 揃う【そろう】 • ① to become complete, to be all present, to be a full set, to have everything at one's disposal ② to be equal, to be uniform ③ to gather, to assemble

② つぶれる • ① to be smashed ② to become useless, to cease functioning ③ to go bankrupt

② 爪【つめ】 • ① nail (e.g. fingernail, toenail), claw, talon, hoof ② plectrum, pick ③ hook, clasp

② 吊る【つる】 • to hang, to suspend (something from something), to be hanged (by the neck)

② 這う【はう】 • to creep, to crawl

② 卑怯【ひきょう】 • cowardice, meanness, unfairness

② かぶせる • to cover (with something), to put on (e.g. on someone else's head), to plate something (with a metal), to pour or dash a liquid (on something), to charge (a person with a guilt)

② 撫でる【なでる】 • to brush gently, to stroke, to caress

② 呆れる【あきれる】 • to be amazed, to be shocked

② あくまで • to the end, to the bitter end, to the last, stubbornly, persistently, to the utmost

② 姪【めい】 • niece

② 儲かる【もうかる】 • to be profitable, to yield a profit

② もち • sticky rice cake

② さすが • ① as one would expect ② still, all the same ③ even... (e.g. "even a genius...")

② 溜める【ためる】 • ① to amass, to accumulate, to store ② to leave unpaid

② こぼれる • ① to spill, to fall out of, to overflow ② to peek through, to become visible (although normally not) ③ to escape (of a smile, tear, etc.)

② 丼【どんぶり】 • ① porcelain bowl ② bowl of rice with food on top

② 唸る【うなる】 • to groan, to moan, to roar, to howl, to growl, to hum, to buzz, to sough

② はめる • ① to insert, to put in (such that there is a snug fit) ② to pigeonhole (into a particular category) ③ to place a ring-shaped object around something (esp. one that restricts freedom, such as handcuffs) ④ to entrap, to set someone up (i.e. frame them for a crime, etc.)

② ふざける • to romp, to gambol, to frolic, to joke, to make fun of, to flirt, to mess around, to screw around, to josh

② 痒い【かゆい】 • itchy, itching

② 睨む【にらむ】 • to glare at, to scowl at, to keep an eye on

② やや • a little, partially, somewhat, a short time, a while

② くどい • ① verbose, importunate, wordy, repetitious, long-winded ② heavy (taste), gaudy, loud, greasy

② うどん • udon (thick Japanese wheat noodles)

② あるいは • or, possibly

② いよいよ • ① more and more, all the more, increasingly ② at last, finally, beyond doubt ③ (at the) last moment, worst possible time

② おかず • ① accompaniment for rice dishes, side dish ② food for thought (esp. in the context of conversation, or material for assisting arousal during masturbation)

② きっかけ • chance, start, cue, excuse, motive, impetus, occasion

② 芯【しん】 • ① wick, marrow, staple (for stapler), (pencil) lead, stuffing, pith ② core, heart, centre, center

② ひとまず • for the present, once, in outline

② もったいない • ① too good, more than one deserves, unworthy of ② wasteful

② 蘇る【よみがえる】 • ① to be resurrected, to be resuscitated, to be rehabilitated, to be revived, to be refreshed, to be restored ② to be recalled (e.g. memories), to be brought back

② めでたい • ① happy, auspicious, propitious, joyous ② naive

② くわえる • to hold in one's mouth

② なる • to bear fruit

② 注ぐ【つぐ】 • (usu. written as kana when referring to a solid) to pour (into a vessel), to fill, to dish out food or drink

② うなずく • to nod, to bow one's head in assent

① あっさり • easily, readily, quickly

① いざ • now, come (now), well

① きちっと • exactly, perfectly

① きっちり • ① punctually, on the dot, precisely ② closely, tightly, (fits) like a glove ③ without fail

① くっきり • distinctly, clearly, boldly

① ぐっと • firmly, fast, much, more

① しょっちゅう • always, constantly, frequently, often

① じっくり • deliberately, carefully

① すんなり • pass with no objection, slim, slender

① てっきり • surely, certainly, beyond doubt

① でかい • huge, gargantuan

① どうにか • in some way or other, one way or another

① どうやら • it seems like, it appears that, somehow or other

① ひょっと • possibly, accidentally

① ふらふら • unsteady on one's feet, stagger, reel, totter, dizzy

① ぶらぶら • dangle heavily, swing, sway to and fro, aimlessly, idly, lazily, loiter, loaf, stroll idly

① ほっと • feeling relieved, (sigh of) relief

① ぼやく • to grumble, to complain

① ややこしい • puzzling, tangled, complicated, complex

① ゆとり • elbowroom, leeway, room, reserve, margin, allowance, latitude, time

① なんだかんだ • something or other

① 入る【いる】 • to get in, to go in, to come in, to flow into, to set, to set in

① はる • to do

① 見方【みかた】 • viewpoint

① 公開【こうかい】 • open to the public, exhibit

① 持てる【もてる】 • ① to be able to possess (hold, get, etc.) ② to be well liked, to be popular, to be pampered (spoiled, doted upon, etc.), to be welcomed ③ to endure (the tests of time, the elements, etc.), to last ④ possessed ⑤ possessing riches, having wealth

① 答【こたえ】 • response, reply, answer, solution

① 動【どう】 • motion, change, confusion

① 同【どう】 • the same, the said, ibid.

① 読者【どくしゃ】 • reader

① 問答【もんどう】 • questions and answers, dialogue

① 有【ゆう】 • ① existence ② possession, having ③ limited company

① 音【おん】 • ① sound, noise, report ② note (music) ③ Chinese-derived character reading

① 風車【かざぐるま】 • ① windmill, pinwheel ② leather flower, Clematis patens

① 仕上げ【しあげ】 • end, finishing touches, being finished

① 引き下げる【ひきさげる】 • to pull down, to lower, to reduce, to withdraw

① 着【ぎ】 • clothes, outfit, uniform, gi

① 重【じゅう】 • greater degree, heavy, serious

① 一部【いちぶ】 • ① one part, one portion, one section, some ② one copy (e.g. of a document)

① 引き取る【ひきとる】 • to take charge of, to take over, to retire to a private place

① 苦しめる【くるしめる】 • to torment, to harass, to inflict pain

① 向き【むき】 • direction, orientation, aspect, situation, exposure, suitability, tendency

① 私鉄【してつ】 • private railway

① 実質【じっしつ】 • substance, essence

① 商【しょう】 • ① quotient ② dealing, dealer, store ③ second degree (of the Japanese & Chinese pentatonic scale) ④ Shang (dynasty of China)

① 申し出【もうしで】 • proposal, request, claim, report, notice

① 相【あい】 • together, mutually, fellow

① 電線【でんせん】 • ① electric line, electric cable, power cable ② telephone line, telegraph wire

① 流【りゅう】 • style of, method of, manner of, school (of thought)

① 交わす【かわす】 • ① to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.) ② to intersect, to cross ③ to dodge, to parry, to avoid, to turn aside

① 実情【じつじょう】 • real condition, actual circumstances, actual state of affairs

① 演習【えんしゅう】 • practice, practise, exercises, manoeuvres, maneuvers, practicum

① 下位【かい】 • low rank, subordinate, lower order (e.g. byte), low-end

① 巻【まき】 • ① roll (e.g. of cloth) ② winding ③ volume (of book)

① 期末【きまつ】 • end of term

① 喫茶【きっさ】 • tea drinking, tea house

① 権【けん】 • authority, right (to do something)

① 雇用【こよう】 • employment (long term), hire

① 児【こ】 • ① child ② young (animal) ③ young woman, young geisha ④ offshoot ⑤ interest ⑥ new shares ⑦ (after a noun or -masu stem) -er (often of young women)

① 指示【しじ】 • indication, instruction, designation, directions

① 周【しゅう】 • ① Zhou (dynasty of China), Chou ② (geometric) perimeter ③ counter for laps or circuits

① 初【はつ】 • first, new

① 蒸す【むす】 • to steam, to poultice, to be sultry

① 造船【ぞうせん】 • shipbuilding

① 兆【ちょう】 • ① sign, omen, indication, portent ② 10^12, 1,000,000,000,000, trillion (American), (obs) billion (British)

① 内臓【ないぞう】 • internal organs, intestines, viscera

① 符号【ふごう】 • sign, mark, symbol, code

① 了【りょう】 • finish, completion, understanding

① 付き【つき】 • ① furnished with, including ② attached to ③ impression, appearance ④ luck ⑤ sociality ⑥ under, assistant (e.g. to a manager) ⑦ soup base

① 埋まる【うずまる】 • to be buried, to be surrounded, to overflow, to be filled

① 兆し【きざし】 • signs, omen, symptoms

① 仕掛け【しかけ】 • device, contrivance, trick, mechanism, gadget, (small) scale, half finished, commencement, set up, challenge, attack

① 損なう【そこなう】 • to harm, to hurt, to injure, to damage, to fail in doing

① 割り当て【わりあて】 • ① allotment, assignment, allocation, quota, rationing ② binding

① 頼み【たのみ】 • request, favor, favour, reliance, dependence

① 明白【めいはく】 • obvious, clear, plain, evident, apparent, explicit, overt

① 忠実【ちゅうじつ】 • ① faithful, loyal, devoted ② hardworking, painstaking, diligent ③ healthy, fit

① 悪【あく】 • evil, wickedness

① 悪化【あっか】 • (suffer) deterioration, growing worse, aggravation, degeneration, corruption

① 圧倒【あっとう】 • overwhelm, overpower, overwhelming

① 圧迫【あっぱく】 • pressure, coercion, oppression

① 圧力【あつりょく】 • stress, pressure

① 扱い【あつかい】 • treatment, service

① 暗殺【あんさつ】 • assassination

① 依然【いぜん】 • still, as yet, as it has been

① 委託【いたく】 • consign (goods (for sale) to a firm), entrust (person with something), commit

① 意図【いと】 • intention, aim, design

① 意地【いじ】 • disposition, spirit, willpower, obstinacy, backbone, appetite

① 異議【いぎ】 • objection, dissent, protest

① 異動【いどう】 • change

① 異論【いろん】 • different opinion, objection

① 移行【いこう】 • switching over to, migration

① 移住【いじゅう】 • migration, immigration

① 移民【いみん】 • ① emigration, immigration ② emigrant, immigrant

① 衣装【いしょう】 • clothing, costume, outfit, garment, dress

① 衣料【いりょう】 • clothing

① 遺跡【いせき】 • historic ruins (remains, relics)

① 医院【いいん】 • doctor's office (surgery), clinic, dispensary

① 育ち【そだち】 • breeding, growth

① 一括【いっかつ】 • all together, batch, one lump, one bundle, summing up

① 一切【いっさい】 • all, everything, without exception, the whole, entirely, absolutely

① 一帯【いったい】 • region, zone, whole place

① 一変【いっぺん】 • complete change, about-face

① 一律【いちりつ】 • evenness, uniformity, monotony, equality

① 一連【いちれん】 • ① series, chain, sequence ② two reams (i.e. 1000 sheets of paper) ③ verse, stanza

① 印鑑【いんかん】 • stamp, seal

① 渦【うず】 • swirl

① 運営【うんえい】 • management, administration, operation

① 運賃【うんちん】 • freight rates, shipping expenses, fare

① 運搬【うんぱん】 • transport, carriage

① 運輸【うんゆ】 • transportation

① 運用【うんよう】 • making use of, application, investment, practical use

① 映像【えいぞう】 • reflection, image, picture (e.g. on a television), shot, clip

① 栄える【さかえる】 • to prosper, to flourish

① 英雄【えいゆう】 • hero, great man

① 衛生【えいせい】 • health, hygiene, sanitation, medical

① 沿岸【えんがん】 • coast, shore, littoral

① 沿線【えんせん】 • along railway line

① 演出【えんしゅつ】 • production (e.g. play), direction

① 縁【えん】 • ① fate, destiny (esp. as a mysterious force that binds two people together) ② relationship (e.g. between two people), bond, link, connection ③ family ties, affinity ④ opportunity, chance (to meet someone and start a relationship) ⑤ pratyaya (indirect conditions, as opposed to direct causes) ⑥ narrow open-air veranda

① 鉛【なまり】 • lead (the metal)

① 応急【おうきゅう】 • emergency, first-aid

① 黄金【おうごん】 • gold

① 下痢【げり】 • diarrhoea, diarrhea

① 化合【かごう】 • chemical combination

① 化石【かせき】 • fossil, petrifaction, fossilization, fossilisation

① 何より【なにより】 • most, best, above all

① 加工【かこう】 • manufacturing, processing, treatment, machining

① 加入【かにゅう】 • becoming a member, joining, entry, admission, subscription, affiliation, adherence, signing

① 加味【かみ】 • ① seasoning, flavoring, flavouring ② taking (something) into consideration, taking into account

① 家計【かけい】 • household economy, family finances

① 家畜【かちく】 • domestic animals, livestock, cattle

① 果て【はて】 • the end, the extremity, the limit, the limits, the result

① 河川【かせん】 • rivers

① 火星【かせい】 • Mars (planet)

① 花粉【かふん】 • pollen

① 荷【に】 • ① load, baggage, cargo, freight, goods ② burden, responsibility

① 課題【かだい】 • subject, theme, task, challenge, issue, matter

① 過ち【あやまち】 • fault, error, indiscretion, faux pas

① 過疎【かそ】 • depopulation

① 介護【かいご】 • nursing

① 介入【かいにゅう】 • intervention

① 会見【かいけん】 • interview, audience

① 会談【かいだん】 • conversation, conference, discussion, interview

① 解ける【ほどける】 • to come untied, to come apart

① 解除【かいじょ】 • cancellation, rescinding, release, calling off, lifting (sanctions), delisting

① 解剖【かいぼう】 • ① dissection, autopsy ② analysis

① 回収【かいしゅう】 • collection, recovery, withdrawal, retrieval

① 回路【かいろ】 • circuit (electric)

① 改革【かいかく】 • reform, reformation, innovation

① 改修【かいしゅう】 • repair, improvement

① 改定【かいてい】 • reform

① 改良【かいりょう】 • improvement, reform

① 海峡【かいきょう】 • channel (e.g. between two land masses), strait

① 開催【かいさい】 • holding a meeting, open an exhibition

① 開拓【かいたく】 • ① reclamation (of wasteland), cultivation ② pioneering, pathfinding, trail-blazing

① 開発【かいはつ】 • development, exploitation

① 階級【かいきゅう】 • class, rank, grade

① 階層【かいそう】 • class, level, stratum, layer, hierarchy

① 外貨【がいか】 • ① foreign currency, foreign money, foreign exchange ② foreign goods, imported goods

① 外観【がいかん】 • appearance, exterior, facade

① 外相【がいしょう】 • Foreign Minister

① 外来【がいらい】 • ① external origin, imported ② outpatient

① 概念【がいねん】 • general idea, concept, notion

① 街頭【がいとう】 • in the street

① 街道【かいどう】 • highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period), main road

① 各種【かくしゅ】 • every kind, all sorts

① 拡散【かくさん】 • scattering, diffusion, spread (e.g. signal across the spectrum)

① 格差【かくさ】 • qualitative difference, disparity

① 核【かく】 • ① pit (of a fruit), stone ② core ③ nucleus, nuclear ④ nuclear weaponry

① 核心【かくしん】 • kernel, core

① 獲得【かくとく】 • acquisition, possession

① 確定【かくてい】 • ① decision, settlement ② definition

① 確保【かくほ】 • guarantee, maintain, ensure, insure, secure, reservation

① 確立【かくりつ】 • ① establishment, settlement ② to establish, to settle

① 革新【かくしん】 • reform, innovation

① 革命【かくめい】 • ① revolution ② 58th year of the sexagenary cycle (in onmyou-dou)

① 学芸【がくげい】 • arts and sciences, liberal arts

① 学歴【がくれき】 • academic background

① 楽観【らっかん】 • optimism

① 楽譜【がくふ】 • score (music)

① 活発【かっぱつ】 • vigor, vigour, active, lively

① 叶う【かなう】 • to come true (wish)

① 叶える【かなえる】 • to grant (request, wish)

① 株式【かぶしき】 • stock (company)

① 刊行【かんこう】 • publication, issue

① 勧告【かんこく】 • advice, counsel, remonstrance, recommendation

① 勧誘【かんゆう】 • invitation, solicitation, canvassing, canvasing, inducement, persuasion, encouragement

① 耐える【たえる】 • ① to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with ② to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave ③ to be fit for, to be equal to

① 堪える【たえる】 • ① to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with ② to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave ③ to be fit for, to be equal to

① 官僚【かんりょう】 • bureaucrat, bureaucracy

① 寛容【かんよう】 • forbearance, tolerance, generosity

① 干渉【かんしょう】 • interference, intervention

① 幹線【かんせん】 • main line, trunk line

① 幹部【かんぶ】 • management, (executive) staff, leaders, leadership, top brass, upper echelons

① 感慨【かんがい】 • strong feelings, deep emotion

① 感触【かんしょく】 • sense of touch, feeling, sensation, texture (of food while chewing)

① 感染【かんせん】 • infection, contagion

① 慣行【かんこう】 • customary practice, customary practise, habit, traditional event

① 慣習【かんしゅう】 • usual (historical) custom

① 換算【かんさん】 • conversion (e.g. yen to dollars), change, exchange, translation (numerical)

① 歓声【かんせい】 • cheer, shout of joy

① 監視【かんし】 • observation, guarding, inspection, surveillance

① 看護【かんご】 • nursing, (army) nurse

① 簡易【かんい】 • simplicity, convenience, easiness, quasi-

① 簡素【かんそ】 • simplicity, plain

① 緩める【ゆるめる】 • to loosen, to slow down

① 緩やか【ゆるやか】 • ① loose, slack ② gentle, easy, slow ③ lenient, liberal, lax

① 緩和【かんわ】 • relief, mitigation, alleviation, relaxation, softening

① 観【かん】 • ① look, appearance ② spectacle, sight ③ observation meditation ④ outlook on ..., view of ...

① 観点【かんてん】 • point of view

① 貫く【つらぬく】 • to go through

① 還元【かんげん】 • resolution, reduction, return to origins

① 関税【かんぜい】 • customs, duty, tariff

① 関与【かんよ】 • participation, taking part in, participating in, being concerned in

① 頑固【がんこ】 • stubbornness, obstinacy

① 企画【きかく】 • planning, project, plan, design

① 危機【きき】 • crisis

① 喜劇【きげき】 • comedy, funny show

① 基金【ききん】 • fund, foundation

① 既婚【きこん】 • marriage, married

① 期日【きじつ】 • fixed date, settlement date

① 機構【きこう】 • mechanism, organization, organisation

① 気軽【きがる】 • ① carefree, buoyant, lighthearted, sprightly ② ease

① 気質【きしつ】 • spirit, character, trait, temperament, turn of mind, disposition

① 気象【きしょう】 • weather, climate

① 祈り【いのり】 • prayer, supplication

① 規格【きかく】 • standard, norm

① 規制【きせい】 • regulation, (traffic) policing, control, restriction

① 規定【きてい】 • regulation, provisions

① 規模【きぼ】 • scale, scope, plan, structure

① 規約【きやく】 • agreement, rules, code, protocol, convention

① 記す【しるす】 • ① to write down, to note ② to remember

① 記載【きさい】 • record, statement, description, mention, listing, registration, booking, entry

① 記述【きじゅつ】 • description, descriptor

① 貴族【きぞく】 • noble, aristocrat

① 起点【きてん】 • starting point, origin

① 軌道【きどう】 • ① orbit, trajectory ② railroad track

① 偽造【ぎぞう】 • forgery, falsification, fabrication, counterfeiting

① 戯曲【ぎきょく】 • play, drama

① 技【わざ】 • technique, art

① 技能【ぎのう】 • technical skill, ability, capacity

① 犠牲【ぎせい】 • victim, sacrifice, scapegoat

① 疑惑【ぎわく】 • doubt, misgivings, distrust, suspicion

① 義理【ぎり】 • duty, sense of duty, honor, honour, decency, courtesy, debt of gratitude, social obligation

① 議案【ぎあん】 • ① legislative bill, measure ② agenda item

① 議決【ぎけつ】 • resolution, decision, vote

① 議題【ぎだい】 • topic of discussion, agenda

① 客観【きゃっかん】 • object (as opposed to subject)

① 脚本【きゃくほん】 • script, screenplay, scenario

① 逆転【ぎゃくてん】 • (sudden) change, reversal, turn-around, coming from behind (baseball)

① 休める【やすめる】 • to rest, to suspend, to give relief

① 及ぶ【およぶ】 • ① to reach, to amount to, to befall, to happen to, to extend ② to be up to the task, to come up to ③ to compare with, to be a match (for) ④ to commit (a crime) ⑤ to require (to do) (usu. used in the negative)

① 宮殿【きゅうでん】 • palace

① 弓【ゆみ】 • bow (and arrow)

① 救い【すくい】 • help, aid, relief, salvation

① 救援【きゅうえん】 • relief, rescue, reinforcement

① 救済【きゅうさい】 • relief, aid, rescue, salvation, help

① 究極【きゅうきょく】 • ultimate, extreme, final, eventual

① 給食【きゅうしょく】 • school lunch, providing a meal

① 居住【きょじゅう】 • residence

① 拒否【きょひ】 • denial, veto, rejection, refusal

① 許容【きょよう】 • permission, pardon

① 距離【きょり】 • distance, range

① 漁船【ぎょせん】 • fishing boat

① 享受【きょうじゅ】 • reception, acceptance, enjoyment, being given

① 共感【きょうかん】 • sympathy, empathy, response

① 協会【きょうかい】 • association, society, organization, organisation

① 協議【きょうぎ】 • conference, consultation, discussion, negotiation

① 協調【きょうちょう】 • ① cooperation, conciliation, harmony ② firm (market) tone

① 協定【きょうてい】 • arrangement, pact, agreement

① 強める【つよめる】 • to strengthen, to emphasize, to emphasise

① 強硬【きょうこう】 • firm, vigorous, unbending, unyielding, strong, stubborn

① 強行【きょうこう】 • ① forcing, enforcement ② forced, enforced

① 強制【きょうせい】 • obligation, coercion, compulsion, enforcement

① 強烈【きょうれつ】 • strong, intense, severe

① 教え【おしえ】 • teachings, precept, lesson, doctrine

① 教科【きょうか】 • subject, curriculum

① 教訓【きょうくん】 • lesson, precept, moral instruction

① 教材【きょうざい】 • teaching materials

① 脅迫【きょうはく】 • threat, menace, coercion, terrorism

① 郷土【きょうど】 • native place, birth-place, one's old home

① 驚き【おどろき】 • surprise, astonishment, wonder

① 驚異【きょうい】 • wonder, miracle

① 業者【ぎょうしゃ】 • ① trader, merchant ② manufacturer, contractor

① 業績【ぎょうせき】 • achievement, performance, results, work, contribution

① 業務【ぎょうむ】 • business, affairs, duties, work, procedure, task, action, function

① 極めて【きわめて】 • exceedingly, extremely, decisively

① 極端【きょくたん】 • extreme, extremity

① 勤務【きんむ】 • service, duty, work

① 勤労【きんろう】 • labor, labour, exertion, diligent service

① 均衡【きんこう】 • equilibrium, balance

① 緊急【きんきゅう】 • urgent, pressing, emergency

① 近郊【きんこう】 • suburbs, outskirts

① 区【く】 • ward, district, section

① 区間【くかん】 • section (of track, etc.), segment, dimension

① 区切り【くぎり】 • ① punctuation, pause, juncture ② end, (place to) stop

① 空間【くうかん】 • space, room, airspace

① 群【ぐん】 • ① group (of animals) ② group

① 軍事【ぐんじ】 • military affairs

① 軍備【ぐんび】 • armaments, military preparations

① 傾ける【かたむける】 • to incline, to list, to bend, to lean, to tip, to tilt, to slant, to concentrate on, to ruin (a country), to squander, to empty

① 傾斜【けいしゃ】 • inclination, slant, slope, bevel, list, dip

① 刑【けい】 • penalty, sentence, punishment

① 契機【けいき】 • opportunity, chance

① 形成【けいせい】 • formation, molding, taking form

① 形態【けいたい】 • form, shape, figure

① 掲げる【かかげる】 • ① to publish, to print, to carry (an article) ② to put up, to hang out, to hoist, to fly (a sail), to float (a flag), to tout ③ to set forth (provision)

① 掲載【けいさい】 • ① publication (e.g. article in paper), appearance, insertion ② to insert (e.g. an article), to run (e.g. in a newspaper)

① 携帯【けいたい】 • something carried (in the hand), handheld

① 系【けい】 • ① system, lineage, group ② corollary ③ (geological) system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period) ④ (taxonomical) series

① 経る【へる】 • to pass, to elapse, to experience

① 経緯【けいい】 • ① details, whole story, sequence of events, chronology, particulars, how it started, how things got this way ② complications, position

① 経過【けいか】 • passage, expiration, progress, transition

① 経費【けいひ】 • expenses, cost, outlay

① 経歴【けいれき】 • personal history, career

① 経路【けいろ】 • ① course, route, path, channel ② process, means

① 茎【くき】 • stalk

① 警戒【けいかい】 • ① vigilance, precaution, watch, lookout, alertness ② to be vigilant, to be cautious, to guard (against)

① 軽減【けいげん】 • abatement, reduction

① 劇団【げきだん】 • troupe, theatrical company

① 激励【げきれい】 • encouragement

① 欠く【かく】 • to lack, to break, to crack, to chip

① 決意【けつい】 • decision, determination

① 決議【けつぎ】 • resolution, vote, decision

① 決算【けっさん】 • balance sheet, settlement of accounts, reporting (of accounts)

① 決勝【けっしょう】 • decision of a contest, finals (in sports)

① 決断【けつだん】 • decision, determination

① 結核【けっかく】 • tuberculosis, tubercule

① 結晶【けっしょう】 • crystal, crystallization, crystallisation

① 結成【けっせい】 • formation, combination

① 結束【けっそく】 • union, unity

① 血管【けっかん】 • blood vessel

① 健全【けんぜん】 • health, soundness, wholesome

① 圏【けん】 • ① sphere, circle, range ② category (only in the context of "category theory")

① 検事【けんじ】 • public prosecutor

① 権威【けんい】 • authority, power, influence

① 権限【けんげん】 • power, authority, jurisdiction

① 権力【けんりょく】 • (political) power, authority, influence

① 見地【けんち】 • point of view

① 基【もと】 • base, foundation

① 元年【がんねん】 • first year (of a specific reign)

① 原型【げんけい】 • prototype, model, pattern, archetypal

① 原作【げんさく】 • original work

① 原子【げんし】 • atom

① 原則【げんそく】 • principle, general rule

① 原点【げんてん】 • origin (coordinates), starting point

① 原爆【げんばく】 • atomic bomb, A-bomb

① 原油【げんゆ】 • crude oil

① 厳密【げんみつ】 • strict, close

① 減少【げんしょう】 • decrease, reduction, decline

① 源【みなもと】 • source, origin

① 現行【げんこう】 • present, current, in operation

① 現地【げんち】 • actual place, local

① 言論【げんろん】 • (one's) speech, expression of views, discussion

① 限定【げんてい】 • limit, restriction

① 個性【こせい】 • individuality, personality, idiosyncrasy

① 個別【こべつ】 • particular case, discrete, individual, separate

① 古代【こだい】 • ancient times

① 固める【かためる】 • to harden, to freeze, to fortify

① 固定【こてい】 • fixation, fixing (e.g. salary, capital)

① 固有【こゆう】 • characteristic, tradition, peculiar, inherent, native, eigen-

① 孤児【こじ】 • orphan

① 孤独【こどく】 • isolation, loneliness, solitude

① 孤立【こりつ】 • isolation, helplessness

① 戸籍【こせき】 • census, family register

① 故【こ】 • the late (deceased)

① 故人【こじん】 • the deceased, old friend

① 後退【こうたい】 • ① retreat ② backspace, BS

① 護衛【ごえい】 • guard, convoy, escort

① 交互【こうご】 • mutual, reciprocal, alternate

① 交渉【こうしょう】 • ① negotiations, discussions ② connection

① 交付【こうふ】 • delivering, handing over, furnishing (e.g. with copies), issuance, issuing

① 公【おおやけ】 • official, public, formal, open, governmental

① 公演【こうえん】 • ① public performance ② sumo exhibition in a foreign country

① 公然【こうぜん】 • open (e.g. secret), public, official, overt

① 公団【こうだん】 • public corporation

① 公認【こうにん】 • official recognition, authorization, authorisation, licence, license, accreditation

① 公募【こうぼ】 • public appeal (e.g. for contributions), public offering (of securities), public advertisement (of a post)

① 公用【こうよう】 • ① government business, official business ② public, official, governmental

① 公立【こうりつ】 • public (institution)

① 効率【こうりつ】 • efficiency, efficacy, performance, utility factor

① 口頭【こうとう】 • oral

① 向上【こうじょう】 • elevation, rise, improvement, advancement, progress

① いい加減【いいかげん】 • ① irresponsible, perfunctory, careless ② lukewarm, half-baked, halfhearted, vague ③ reasonable, moderate (usu. in suggestions or orders) ④ considerably, quite, rather, pretty

① 好ましい【このましい】 • nice, likeable, desirable

① 好意【こうい】 • good will, favor, favour, courtesy

① 好調【こうちょう】 • favourable, favorable, promising, satisfactory, in good shape

① 好評【こうひょう】 • popularity, favorable reputation, favourable reputation

① 工学【こうがく】 • engineering

① 工作【こうさく】 • work, construction, handicraft, maneuvering, manoeuvering

① 巧み【たくみ】 • skill, cleverness

① 巧妙【こうみょう】 • ingenious, skillful, clever, deft

① 抗議【こうぎ】 • protest, objection

① 拘束【こうそく】 • restriction, restraint, binding

① 控える【ひかえる】 • ① to be temperate in, to restrain oneself from excessive ... ② to make notes ③ to hold back ④ to be in preparation for, to be in waiting for ⑤ to be soon, to be in the offing ⑥ to be in a close relationship (e.g. as a backer, etc.)

① 控除【こうじょ】 • subtraction, deduction (e.g. tax), subsidy

① 構える【かまえる】 • ① to set up (e.g. a building) ② to prepare in advance (e.g. a meal), to prepare to use something (e.g. a camera) ③ to plan, to scheme ④ to fabricate in order to deceive ⑤ to stiffen, to become formal

① 構想【こうそう】 • plan, plot, idea, conception

① 洪水【こうずい】 • flood

① 耕作【こうさく】 • cultivation, farming

① 考古学【こうこがく】 • archaeology, archeology

① 航海【こうかい】 • sail, voyage

① 行為【こうい】 • act, deed, conduct

① 行進【こうしん】 • march, parade

① 行政【ぎょうせい】 • administration

① 講習【こうしゅう】 • short course, training

① 購入【こうにゅう】 • purchase, buy

① 鉱業【こうぎょう】 • mining industry

① 鉱山【こうざん】 • mine (ore)

① 高まる【たかまる】 • to rise, to swell, to be promoted

① 高原【こうげん】 • tableland, plateau

① 合意【ごうい】 • agreement, consent, mutual understanding

① 合間【あいま】 • interval

① 合唱【がっしょう】 • chorus, singing in a chorus

① 合成【ごうせい】 • synthesis, composition, synthetic, composite, mixed, combined, compound

① 合致【がっち】 • agreement, concurrence, conformance, compliance

① 国交【こっこう】 • diplomatic relations

① 国産【こくさん】 • domestic products

① 国防【こくぼう】 • national defence, national defense

① 国有【こくゆう】 • national ownership

① 国連【こくれん】 • UN, United Nations

① 黒字【くろじ】 • balance (figure) in the black

① 込める【こめる】 • to include, to put into

① 昆虫【こんちゅう】 • insect, bug

① 根拠【こんきょ】 • basis, foundation

① 根本【こんぽん】 • root, source, origin, foundation, base, principle

① 根底【こんてい】 • root, basis, foundation

① 差額【さがく】 • balance, difference, margin

① 詐欺【さぎ】 • fraud, swindle, graft

① 再会【さいかい】 • another meeting, meeting again, reunion

① 再建【さいけん】 • rebuilding, reconstruction, rehabilitation

① 再現【さいげん】 • reappearance, reproduction, return, revival

① 再生【さいせい】 • playback, regeneration, resuscitation, return to life, rebirth, reincarnation, refresh, narrow escape, reclamation, regrowth

① 再発【さいはつ】 • return, relapse, reoccurrence

① 最善【さいぜん】 • the very best

① 採決【さいけつ】 • vote, roll call

① 採算【さいさん】 • profit

① 採択【さいたく】 • adoption, selection, choice

① 採用【さいよう】 • ① use, adoption, acceptance ② appointment, employment, engagement

① 栽培【さいばい】 • cultivation

① 災害【さいがい】 • calamity, disaster, misfortune

① 細菌【さいきん】 • bacillus, bacterium, germ

① 細胞【さいぼう】 • cell (biology)

① 裁く【さばく】 • to judge

① 在庫【ざいこ】 • inventory, stock, stockpile

① 財【ざい】 • ① fortune, riches ② goods

① 財源【ざいげん】 • source of funds, resources, finances

① 財政【ざいせい】 • financial affairs, public finance

① 作【さく】 • a work, a harvest

① 作戦【さくせん】 • ① tactics, strategy ② military or naval operations

① 作用【さよう】 • action, operation, effect, function

① 削減【さくげん】 • cut, reduction, curtailment

① 策【さく】 • plan, policy

① 雑貨【ざっか】 • miscellaneous goods, general goods, sundries

① 参議院【さんぎいん】 • House of Councillors

① 参照【さんしょう】 • reference, bibliographical reference, consultation, browsing (e.g. when selecting a file to upload on a computer), checking out

① 山岳【さんがく】 • mountains

① 産物【さんぶつ】 • product, result, fruit

① 酸【さん】 • ① acid ② sourness, sour taste

① 酸化【さんか】 • oxidation

① 残高【ざんだか】 • (bank) balance, remainder

① 残酷【ざんこく】 • cruelty, harshness

① 仕上がり【しあがり】 • finish, end, completion

① 仕様【しよう】 • ① way, method, means, resource, remedy ② (technical) specification

① 使命【しめい】 • mission, errand, message

① 司法【しほう】 • administration of justice

① 始末【しまつ】 • ① management, dealing, settlement ② cleaning up, getting rid of ③ end result (usu. bad)

① 志【こころざし】 • will, intention, motive

① 志向【しこう】 • intention, aim

① 志望【しぼう】 • wish, desire, ambition

① 思考【しこう】 • thought, consideration, thinking

① 指揮【しき】 • command, direction

① 指摘【してき】 • pointing out, identification

① 指令【しれい】 • orders, instructions, directive, command

① 支持【しじ】 • support, maintenance

① 施設【しせつ】 • ① institution, establishment, facility ② (army) engineer

① 死刑【しけい】 • death penalty, capital punishment

① 脂肪【しぼう】 • fat, grease, blubber

① 視覚【しかく】 • sense of sight, vision

① 視察【しさつ】 • inspection, observation

① 視点【してん】 • opinion, point of view, visual point

① 視野【しや】 • field of vision, outlook

① 資格【しかく】 • qualifications, requirements, capabilities

① 資金【しきん】 • funds, capital

① 資産【しさん】 • property, fortune, means, assets

① 賜る【たまわる】 • to be given, to be granted, to be honored with, to be honoured with

① 雌【めす】 • female (animal)

① 飼育【しいく】 • breeding, raising, rearing

① 歯科【しか】 • dentistry

① 事項【じこう】 • matter, item, facts

① 事前【じぜん】 • prior, beforehand, in advance

① 事柄【ことがら】 • matter, thing, affair, circumstance

① 持続【じぞく】 • continuation

① 時差【じさ】 • time difference

① 治安【ちあん】 • public order

① 治療【ちりょう】 • medical treatment, cure

① 磁気【じき】 • magnetism

① 自覚【じかく】 • self-consciousness, self-awareness

① 自己【じこ】 • self, oneself

① 自在【じざい】 • freely, at will

① 自主【じしゅ】 • independence, autonomy

① 自立【じりつ】 • independence, self-reliance

① 辞職【じしょく】 • resignation

① 辞退【じたい】 • declining, refusal, nonacceptance, turning down, withdrawal (e.g. candidacy), pulling out (e.g. race), excusing oneself

① 軸【じく】 • axis, stem, shaft, axle

① 質疑【しつぎ】 • ① question ② interpellation

① 実家【じっか】 • (one's parents') home

① 実践【じっせん】 • practice, practise, put into practice, put into practise

① 実態【じったい】 • true state, actual condition, reality

① 芝【しば】 • lawn, sod, turf

① 斜面【しゃめん】 • slope, slanting surface, bevel

① 若干【じゃっかん】 • some, few, number of

① 弱【じゃく】 • weakness, the weak, little less than

① 主【ぬし】 • ① head (of a household, etc.), leader, master ② owner, proprietor, proprietress ③ subject (of a rumour, etc.), doer (of a deed) ④ guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers), long-time resident (or employee, etc.) ⑤ husband ⑥ you

① 主演【しゅえん】 • starring, playing the leading part

① 主権【しゅけん】 • sovereignty, supremacy, dominion

① 主催【しゅさい】 • organization, organisation, sponsorship

① 主食【しゅしょく】 • staple food

① 主人公【しゅじんこう】 • ① protagonist, main character, hero(ine) (of a story) ② head of household

① 主体【しゅたい】 • ① main constituent, core, nucleus ② subject (philosophical), protagonist

① 主題【しゅだい】 • subject, theme, motif

① 主導【しゅどう】 • main leadership

① 主任【しゅにん】 • person in charge, responsible official, senior staff

① 取り巻く【とりまく】 • to surround, to circle, to enclose

① 取り除く【とりのぞく】 • to remove, to deinstall, to take away, to set apart

① 取り付ける【とりつける】 • to furnish, to install, to get someone's agreement

① 取材【しゅざい】 • collecting data (e.g. for a newspaper article), covering an event

① 守備【しゅび】 • defense, defence

① 手軽【てがる】 • easy, simple, informal, offhand, cheap

① 手元【てもと】 • ① (money) on hand or at home, one's purse (handbag) ② usual skill

① 手順【てじゅん】 • process, procedure, sequence, protocol, instruction

① 手法【しゅほう】 • technique

① 狩り【かり】 • hunting

① 趣【おもむき】 • ① meaning, tenor, gist ② effect, influence ③ appearance, aspect ④ taste ⑤ grace, charm, refinement

① 趣旨【しゅし】 • ① object, intent, aim ② meaning, point (e.g. of a statement)

① 首脳【しゅのう】 • head, brains, leading spirit

① 受け止める【うけとめる】 • to catch, to stop the blow, to react to, to take

① 受け入れ【うけいれ】 • receiving, acceptance

① 樹木【じゅもく】 • trees and shrubs, arbour, arbor

① 樹立【じゅりつ】 • establish, create

① 収益【しゅうえき】 • earnings, proceeds, returns, revenue

① 収支【しゅうし】 • income and expenditure

① 収容【しゅうよう】 • ① accommodation, reception, housing ② seating ③ custody ④ admission ⑤ entering (in a dictionary)

① 周期【しゅうき】 • cycle, period

① 就業【しゅうぎょう】 • employment, starting work

① 修了【しゅうりょう】 • completion (of a course)

① 終始【しゅうし】 • ① beginning and end, from beginning to end, doing a thing from beginning to end ② consistently, the whole time

① 衆議院【しゅうぎいん】 • lower house, House of Representatives

① 襲う【おそう】 • ① to attack, to assail, to make an assault, to strike, to hunt down ② to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.) ③ to make a sudden visit

① 襲撃【しゅうげき】 • attack, charge, raid

① 集計【しゅうけい】 • totalization, totalisation, aggregation, tally (e.g. votes)

① 住【じゅう】 • dwelling, living

① 充実【じゅうじつ】 • ① fullness, completion, perfection, substantiality, enrichment ② replenishment, repletion

① 従事【じゅうじ】 • engaging, pursuing, following (e.g. profession or occupation)

① 従来【じゅうらい】 • up to now, so far, traditional, existing (e.g. equipment)

① 柔軟【じゅうなん】 • flexible, lithe, soft, pliable

① 宿命【しゅくめい】 • fate, destiny, predestination

① 塾【じゅく】 • coaching school, cramming school, juku

① 出演【しゅつえん】 • ① performance, stage appearance ② to act (in a play)

① 出血【しゅっけつ】 • bleeding, haemorrhage, hemorrhage

① 出現【しゅつげん】 • appearance, arrival, make one's appearance

① 出産【しゅっさん】 • (child)birth, delivery, production (of goods)

① 出世【しゅっせ】 • promotion, successful career, eminence

① 出動【しゅつどう】 • sailing, marching, going out, dispatch

① 出費【しゅっぴ】 • expenses, disbursements

① 出品【しゅっぴん】 • exhibit, display

① 盾【たて】 • shield, buckler, escutcheon, pretext

① 処置【しょち】 • treatment, measure, step

① 処罰【しょばつ】 • punishment

① 処分【しょぶん】 • disposal, dealing, punishment

① 所在【しょざい】 • whereabouts

① 所持【しょじ】 • possession, owning

① 所属【しょぞく】 • attached to, belong to, member

① 所定【しょてい】 • fixed, prescribed, certain, given

① 所得【しょとく】 • income, earnings

① 所有【しょゆう】 • one's possessions, ownership

① 庶民【しょみん】 • masses, common people

① 書評【しょひょう】 • book review

① 諸君【しょくん】 • Gentlemen!, Ladies!

① 女史【じょし】 • ① Ms (nuance of status), Miss, Madame ② highbrow (woman), cerebral

① 除外【じょがい】 • exception, exclusion

① 勝手【かって】 • ① one's own convenience, one's way ② convenience or ease of use, knowledge of how to use ③ circumstances, situation (e.g. financial), environment ④ kitchen ⑤ arbitrary

① 勝利【しょうり】 • victory, triumph, conquest, success, win

① 奨励【しょうれい】 • encouragement, promotion, message, address, inducement, incitement, stimulation

① 小児科【しょうにか】 • pediatrics

① 小切手【こぎって】 • cheque, check

① 小柄【こがら】 • short (build)

① 承諾【しょうだく】 • consent, acquiescence, agreement

① 昇進【しょうしん】 • promotion

① 沼【ぬま】 • swamp, bog, pond, lake

① 照明【しょうめい】 • illumination

① 症【しょう】 • illness

① 衝撃【しょうげき】 • shock, crash, impact, ballistic

① 証拠【しょうこ】 • evidence, proof

① 証言【しょうげん】 • evidence, testimony

① 証人【しょうにん】 • witness

① 詳細【しょうさい】 • detail, particulars

① 象徴【しょうちょう】 • symbol

① 障る【さわる】 • to hinder, to interfere with, to affect, to do one harm, to be harmful to

① 上がり【あがり】 • ① ascent, rise, slope ② freshly-drawn green tea (esp. in sushi shops) ③ advance income, crop yield ④ death, spinning, completion, stop, finish ⑤ after (rain), ex (official, etc.) ⑥ (end) results (e.g. of crafts like painting, pottery, etc.), how something comes out

① 上位【じょうい】 • ① superior (rank not class) ② higher order (e.g. byte) ③ host computer (of connected device)

① 上演【じょうえん】 • performance (e.g. music, theatre, opera), staging

① 上空【じょうくう】 • sky, the skies, high-altitude sky, upper air

① 上昇【じょうしょう】 • rising, ascending, climbing

① 上陸【じょうりく】 • landing, disembarkation

① 丈【たけ】 • height, stature, length, measure, all (one has)

① 情【じょう】 • feelings, emotion, passion

① 情勢【じょうせい】 • state of things, state of affairs, condition, situation, circumstances

① 情熱【じょうねつ】 • passion, enthusiasm, zeal

① 条約【じょうやく】 • treaty, pact

① 譲歩【じょうほ】 • concession, conciliation, compromise

① 職員【しょくいん】 • staff member, personnel

① 職務【しょくむ】 • professional duties

① 色彩【しきさい】 • colour, color, hue, tints

① 信者【しんじゃ】 • believer, adherent, devotee

① 審議【しんぎ】 • deliberation

① 審査【しんさ】 • judging, inspection, examination, investigation

① 心情【しんじょう】 • sentiment, emotions, one's feelings, one's heart

① 心地【ここち】 • ① feeling, sensation, mood ② sensation of doing (usu. after -masu stem of verb)

① 心中【しんじゅう】 • double suicide, lovers suicide

① 振り返る【ふりかえる】 • to turn head, to look over one's shoulder, to turn around, to look back

① 振興【しんこう】 • promotion, encouragement

① 振動【しんどう】 • oscillation, vibration

① 新興【しんこう】 • rising, developing, emergent

① 新婚【しんこん】 • newly-wed

① 新人【しんじん】 • ① new face, newcomer ② modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)

① 新築【しんちく】 • new building, new construction

① 新入生【しんにゅうせい】 • freshman, first-year student

① 深める【ふかめる】 • to deepen, to heighten, to intensify

① 申告【しんこく】 • report, statement, filing a return, notification

① 真珠【しんじゅ】 • pearl

① 真相【しんそう】 • truth, real situation

① 真理【しんり】 • truth

① 紳士【しんし】 • gentleman

① 親しむ【したしむ】 • to be intimate with, to befriend

① 親善【しんぜん】 • friendship

① 診療【しんりょう】 • medical examination and treatment, diagnosis

① 身の回り【みのまわり】 • one's personal belongings, one's vicinity, one's daily life, everyday necessities

① 進化【しんか】 • evolution, progress

① 進行【しんこう】 • advance, progress

① 進出【しんしゅつ】 • advance, step forward

① 進展【しんてん】 • progress, development

① 人格【じんかく】 • personality, character, individuality

① 人材【じんざい】 • man of talent, capable person, talented person

① 人質【ひとじち】 • hostage, prisoner

① 人体【じんたい】 • human body

① 人柄【ひとがら】 • personality, character, personal appearance, gentility

① 人民【じんみん】 • people, public

① 迅速【じんそく】 • quick, fast, rapid, swift, prompt, streamlined, expedited, expeditious

① 推進【すいしん】 • ① propulsion, driving force ② implementation, promotion (e.g. of a government policy)

① 水田【すいでん】 • (water-filled) paddy field

① 世帯【せたい】 • household, home, family, housekeeping

① 世代【せだい】 • generation, the world, the age

① 是正【ぜせい】 • correction, revision

① 制【せい】 • system, organization, organisation, imperial command, laws, regulation, control, government, suppression, restraint, holding back, establishment

① 制裁【せいさい】 • restraint, sanctions, punishment

① 制定【せいてい】 • enactment, establishment, creation

① 制服【せいふく】 • uniform

① 制約【せいやく】 • limitation, restriction, condition, constraints

① 勢力【せいりょく】 • influence, power, might, strength, potency, force, energy

① 成り立つ【なりたつ】 • ① to consist of ② to be practical (logical, feasible, viable), to be concluded, to hold true

① 成果【せいか】 • results, fruits

① 成熟【せいじゅく】 • maturity, ripeness

① 政権【せいけん】 • (political) administration, political power

① 政策【せいさく】 • political measures, policy

① 整える【ととのえる】 • ① to put in order, to arrange, to adjust ② to get ready, to prepare ③ to raise money

① 正解【せいかい】 • correct, right, correct interpretation (answer, solution)

① 正規【せいき】 • regular, normal, legal, formal, established, legitimate

① 正義【せいぎ】 • justice, right, righteousness, correct meaning

① 正常【せいじょう】 • normalcy, normality, normal

① 正体【しょうたい】 • natural shape, one's true colors, one's true colours, true character, consciousness, senses

① 正当【せいとう】 • just, justifiable, right, due, proper, equitable, reasonable, legitimate, legal, lawful

① 生涯【しょうがい】 • one's lifetime (i.e. one's existence until death), one's career

① 盛る【もる】 • ① to serve (food, etc.) ② to fill up ③ to prescribe

① 精密【せいみつ】 • precise, exact, detailed, minute, close

① 聖書【せいしょ】 • Bible, scriptures

① 声明【せいめい】 • declaration, statement, proclamation

① 誠実【せいじつ】 • sincere, honest, faithful

① 青春【せいしゅん】 • youth, springtime of life, adolescent

① 静止【せいし】 • stillness, repose, standing still

① 税務署【ぜいむしょ】 • tax office

① 責務【せきむ】 • duty, obligation

① 赤字【あかじ】 • ① deficit, (being in or going into) the red ② red text, red letters

① 切ない【せつない】 • ① painful, heartrending, trying ② oppressive, suffocating, miserable

① 切実【せつじつ】 • compelling, serious, severe, acute, earnest, pressing, urgent

① 接触【せっしょく】 • touch, contact

① 折【おり】 • chance, suitable time

① 設置【せっち】 • establishment, institution

① 設定【せってい】 • ① establishment, creation ② options or preference settings (in computer software), configuration, assignment, setup

① 設立【せつりつ】 • establishment, foundation, incorporation (of a business)

① 節【せつ】 • ① occasion, time ② section (of a literary work), verse, stanza ③ node (of a plant stem) ④ clause ⑤ (taxonomical) section

① 説く【とく】 • to explain, to advocate, to preach, to persuade

① 仙【せん】 • hermit, wizard

① 先行【せんこう】 • preceding, going first, leading, going ahead, taking priority

① 先着【せんちゃく】 • first arrival

① 占領【せんりょう】 • occupation, capture, possession, have a room to oneself

① 宣言【せんげん】 • declaration, proclamation, announcement

① 戦術【せんじゅつ】 • tactics

① 戦闘【せんとう】 • battle, fight, combat

① 戦力【せんりょく】 • war potential

① 繊維【せんい】 • fibre, fiber, textile

① 船舶【せんぱく】 • ship

① 選挙【せんきょ】 • election

① 選考【せんこう】 • selection, screening

① 鮮やか【あざやか】 • vivid, clear, brilliant

① 前提【ぜんてい】 • preamble, premise, reason, prerequisite, condition, assumption, hypothesis, given

① 前例【ぜんれい】 • precedent

① 措置【そち】 • measure, measures, step

① 素材【そざい】 • raw materials, subject matter

① 素朴【そぼく】 • simplicity, artlessness, naivete

① 組み合わせる【くみあわせる】 • to join together, to combine, to join up

① 組み込む【くみこむ】 • to insert, to include, to cut in (printing)

① 訴訟【そしょう】 • litigation, lawsuit

① 阻む【はばむ】 • to keep someone from doing, to stop, to prevent, to check, to hinder, to obstruct, to oppose, to thwart

① 阻止【そし】 • obstruction, check, hindrance, prevention, interdiction

① 僧【そう】 • monk, priest

① 創刊【そうかん】 • launching (e.g. newspaper), first issue

① 創造【そうぞう】 • creation

① 創立【そうりつ】 • establishment, founding, organization, organisation

① 壮大【そうだい】 • magnificent, grand, majestic, splendid

① 捜査【そうさ】 • search (esp. in criminal investigations), investigation, inquiry, enquiry

① 捜索【そうさく】 • search (esp. for someone or something missing), investigation

① 操縦【そうじゅう】 • ① flying (a plane) ② management, handling, control, manipulation

① 争い【あらそい】 • dispute, strife, quarrel, dissension, conflict, rivalry, contest

① 相応しい【ふさわしい】 • appropriate

① 相場【そうば】 • ① market price ② speculation (e.g. on stocks) ③ reputation (according to conventional wisdom), estimation, esteem

① 相対【そうたい】 • relative

① 総会【そうかい】 • general meeting

① 装飾【そうしょく】 • ornament

① 装備【そうび】 • equipment

① 走行【そうこう】 • running a wheeled vehicle (e.g. car), running to program, job, etc., traveling, travelling

① 送金【そうきん】 • remittance, sending money

① 騒動【そうどう】 • strife, riot, rebellion, turmoil

① 像【ぞう】 • statue, image, figure, picture, portrait

① 増強【ぞうきょう】 • augment, reinforce, increase

① 増進【ぞうしん】 • promoting, increase, advance

① 促進【そくしん】 • promotion, acceleration, encouragement, facilitation, spurring on

① 側面【そくめん】 • side, flank, sidelight, lateral

① 速やか【すみやか】 • speedy, prompt, smooth

① 存続【そんぞく】 • duration, continuance

① 損失【そんしつ】 • loss (e.g. assets or profits)

① 他方【たほう】 • ① one (esp. of two), the other, one way, the other way, one direction, the other direction, one side, the other side, one party, the other party ② on the other hand

① 多様【たよう】 • diverse, varied

① 妥協【だきょう】 • compromise, giving in

① 打開【だかい】 • break in the deadlock

① 打撃【だげき】 • ① blow, shock, strike, damage ② batting (baseball)

① 体格【たいかく】 • physique, constitution

① 体験【たいけん】 • personal experience

① 体力【たいりょく】 • physical strength

① 対応【たいおう】 • ① interaction, correspondence, coping with, dealing with, support ② software support, ability of a computer system to run specific software

① 対決【たいけつ】 • confrontation, showdown

① 対抗【たいこう】 • opposition, antagonism

① 対処【たいしょ】 • deal with, cope

① 対談【たいだん】 • talk, dialogue, conversation

① 対等【たいとう】 • equivalent

① 対面【たいめん】 • interview, meeting

① 対話【たいわ】 • interactive, interaction, conversation, dialogue

① 待遇【たいぐう】 • treatment, reception

① 待望【たいぼう】 • ① expectant waiting ② long-awaited

① 態勢【たいせい】 • attitude, conditions, preparations

① 退職【たいしょく】 • retirement (from office)

① 台本【だいほん】 • script, libretto, scenario

① 大衆【たいしゅう】 • general public

① 大胆【だいたん】 • bold, daring, audacious

① 大幅【おおはば】 • full width, large scale, drastic

① 大方【おおかた】 • perhaps, almost all, majority

① 達成【たっせい】 • achievement

① 脱出【だっしゅつ】 • escape

① 脱退【だったい】 • secession, retirement, withdrawal (e.g. from a lawsuit)

① 単一【たんいつ】 • single, simple, sole, individual, unitary

① 単調【たんちょう】 • monotony, monotone, dullness

① 単独【たんどく】 • sole, independence, single, solo (flight)

① 嘆く【なげく】 • to sigh, to lament, to grieve

① 炭素【たんそ】 • carbon (C)

① 短歌【たんか】 • tanka, 31-syllable Japanese poem

① 短縮【たんしゅく】 • shortening, abbreviation, reduction

① 短大【たんだい】 • junior college

① 団結【だんけつ】 • unity, union, combination

① 弾力【だんりょく】 • elasticity, flexibility

① 断言【だんげん】 • assertion, declaration, affirmation

① 知的【ちてき】 • intellectual

① 地形【ちけい】 • terrain, geographical features, topography

① 地元【じもと】 • ① home area, home town ② local

① 地獄【じごく】 • hell

① 地主【じぬし】 • landlord, landowner

① 恥【はじ】 • shame, embarrassment

① 築く【きずく】 • to build, to pile up, to amass

① 畜産【ちくさん】 • animal husbandry

① 蓄積【ちくせき】 • accumulation, accumulate, store

① 秩序【ちつじょ】 • order, regularity, system, method

① 着工【ちゃっこう】 • start of (construction) work

① 着目【ちゃくもく】 • attention

① 着陸【ちゃくりく】 • landing, alighting, touch down

① 中継【ちゅうけい】 • relay, hook-up

① 中枢【ちゅうすう】 • centre, center, pivot, mainstay, nucleus, backbone, central figure, pillar, key man

① 中断【ちゅうだん】 • interruption, suspension, break

① 中毒【ちゅうどく】 • ① poisoning ② addiction

① 中立【ちゅうりつ】 • neutrality

① 抽選【ちゅうせん】 • lottery, raffle, drawing (of lots)

① 著書【ちょしょ】 • literary work, book

① 著名【ちょめい】 • well-known, noted, celebrated

① 徴収【ちょうしゅう】 • collection, levy

① 挑戦【ちょうせん】 • challenge, defiance

① 潮【しお】 • ① tide, current ② salt water ③ opportunity

① 腸【ちょう】 • guts, bowels, intestines

① 調べ【しらべ】 • ① investigation, inspection, examination ② tune, note, melody

① 調印【ちょういん】 • signature, signing, sealing

① 調停【ちょうてい】 • arbitration, conciliation, mediation

① 調理【ちょうり】 • cooking, food preparation

① 調和【ちょうわ】 • harmony

① 長官【ちょうかん】 • secretary (government), director, chief

① 長編【ちょうへん】 • long (e.g. novel, film)

① 直面【ちょくめん】 • ① confrontation ② to face, to confront, to encounter

① 沈黙【ちんもく】 • silence, reticence

① 賃金【ちんぎん】 • wages

① 津波【つなみ】 • tsunami, tidal wave

① 墜落【ついらく】 • falling, crashing

① 追い込む【おいこむ】 • to herd, to corner, to drive

① 追及【ついきゅう】 • ① investigation (e.g. into someone's guilt), questioning, pressing, hounding, pinning down ② catching up, overtaking

① 追跡【ついせき】 • pursuit, tracking (e.g. in computer graphics), keeping records on, tracing

① 追放【ついほう】 • exile, banishment

① 痛感【つうかん】 • feeling keenly, fully realizing

① 通常【つうじょう】 • common, general, normal, usual

① 停滞【ていたい】 • stagnation, tie-up, congestion, retention, accumulation, falling into arrears

① 堤防【ていぼう】 • bank, weir

① 定める【さだめる】 • to decide, to establish, to determine

① 定義【ていぎ】 • definition

① 定年【ていねん】 • retirement age

① 提供【ていきょう】 • offer, tender, program sponsoring, programme sponsoring, furnishing, provisioning, supply

① 提携【ていけい】 • cooperation, tie-up, joint business, link-up

① 提示【ていじ】 • presentation, exhibit, suggest, citation

① 訂正【ていせい】 • correction, revision, amendment

① 摘む【つむ】 • to pluck, to pick, to trim

① 的【まと】 • mark, target

① 適応【てきおう】 • adaptation, accommodation, conformity

① 鉄鋼【てっこう】 • iron and steel

① 天【てん】 • ① sky ② heaven ③ svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth) ④ deva (divine being of Buddhism)

① 天井【てんじょう】 • ceiling, ceiling price

① 天下【てんか】 • the world, whole country, descent from heaven, having one's own way, the public, the ruling power

① 天国【てんごく】 • paradise, heaven, Kingdom of Heaven

① 天体【てんたい】 • heavenly body

① 展示【てんじ】 • exhibition, display

① 展望【てんぼう】 • view, outlook, prospect

① 転じる【てんじる】 • to turn, to shift, to alter, to distract

① 転換【てんかん】 • convert, divert

① 転勤【てんきん】 • job transfer, job relocation, intra-company transfer

① 転落【てんらく】 • fall, degradation, slump, spill

① 点検【てんけん】 • inspection, examination, checking

① 伝説【でんせつ】 • tradition, legend, folklore

① 伝達【でんたつ】 • transmission (e.g. news), communication, delivery, conveyance, transfer, relay, propagation, conduction

① 田園【でんえん】 • ① country, rural districts ② cultivated land, fields

① 電源【でんげん】 • ① source of electricity, electrical power ② power (button on TV, etc.)

① 吐く【つく】 • ① to breathe ② to tell (lies) ③ to vomit, to disgorge

① 徒歩【とほ】 • walking, going on foot

① 斗【と】 • ① square bearing block (at the top of a pillar) ② Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

① 登校【とうこう】 • attendance (at school), going to school

① 登録【とうろく】 • registration, accession, register, entry, record

① 途上【とじょう】 • ① en route, half-way ② on the road, in the street

① 土台【どだい】 • foundation, base, basis

① 土俵【どひょう】 • ① arena, esp. in sumo ② forum (e.g. for discussion) ③ sandbag, gabion

① 土木【どぼく】 • public works

① 倒産【とうさん】 • (corporate) bankruptcy, insolvency, commercial failure, failed business

① 投資【とうし】 • investment

① 投入【とうにゅう】 • ① throwing (e.g. something into somewhere) ② investment, putting in (personnel, etc.) ③ release of a product ④ making (an electrical circuit)

① 棟【とう】 • ① large building ② counter for buildings, apartments, etc.

① 当て【あて】 • object, aim, end, hopes, expectations

① 当選【とうせん】 • ① being elected ② being selected (to win a prize, etc.) ③ winning (in a lottery, raffle, etc.)

① 統合【とうごう】 • ① integration, unification, synthesis ② integrated, built-in

① 統治【とうち】 • rule, reign, government, governing

① 統制【とうせい】 • regulation, control

① 到達【とうたつ】 • reaching, attaining, arrival

① 討議【とうぎ】 • debate, discussion

① 討論【とうろん】 • debate, discussion

① 踏まえる【ふまえる】 • to be based on, to have origin in

① 逃走【とうそう】 • flight, desertion, escape

① 逃亡【とうぼう】 • escape, flight, running away, elopement, fleeing

① 陶器【とうき】 • pottery, ceramics

① 動き【うごき】 • movement, activity, trend, development, change

① 動員【どういん】 • mobilization, mobilisation

① 動機【どうき】 • motive, incentive, motif

① 動向【どうこう】 • trend, tendency, movement, attitude

① 動揺【どうよう】 • disturbance, unrest, shaking, trembling, pitching, rolling, oscillation, agitation, excitement, commotion

① 同居【どうきょ】 • coexistence, living together

① 同士【どうし】 • fellow, mutual, companion, comrade, bonding

① 同志【どうし】 • same mind, comrade, kindred soul

① 同情【どうじょう】 • sympathy, compassion, sympathize, sympathise, pity, feel for

① 同調【どうちょう】 • sympathy, agreement with, alignment, conformity, tuning

① 導く【みちびく】 • ① to guide, to lead, to show the way, to conduct ② to derive, to deduce

① 導入【どうにゅう】 • introduction, bringing in, leading in, installation

① 道場【どうじょう】 • ① dojo (hall used for martial arts training) ② manda (place of Buddhist practice or meditation, esp. the place under the bodhi tree where Buddha attained enlightenment)

① 得点【とくてん】 • score, points made, marks obtained, runs

① 特許【とっきょ】 • ① patent, special permission, licence (license), concession, franchise, charter ② proprietary

① 特権【とっけん】 • privilege, special right

① 特産【とくさん】 • specialty, special product

① 特集【とくしゅう】 • feature (e.g. newspaper), special edition, report

① 特有【とくゆう】 • characteristic (of), peculiar (to)

① 独裁【どくさい】 • dictatorship, despotism

① 独自【どくじ】 • original, peculiar, characteristic, proprietary

① 独占【どくせん】 • ① monopoly ② to monopolize, to hog

① 突破【とっぱ】 • breaking through, breakthrough, penetration

① 内閣【ないかく】 • cabinet, (government) ministry

① 内緒【ないしょ】 • ① secrecy, confidentiality, privacy, secret ② one's circumstances (esp. fiscal) ③ inner realization, personal enlightenment ④ kitchen

① 内心【ないしん】 • innermost thoughts, real intention, inmost heart, one's mind, in the heart

① 内蔵【ないぞう】 • internal (e.g. disk), built-in, equipped (with)

① 内部【ないぶ】 • interior, inside, internal

① 内訳【うちわけ】 • the items, breakdown, classification

① 内陸【ないりく】 • inland

① 難【なん】 • difficulty, hardships, defect

① 肉体【にくたい】 • the body, the flesh

① 日の丸【ひのまる】 • ① outline of the sun (esp. represented as a red circle) ② the Japanese flag

① 乳【ちち】 • ① milk ② breast ③ loop ④ decorative bump (on a hanging bell)

① 入手【にゅうしゅ】 • obtaining, coming to hand

① 入賞【にゅうしょう】 • winning a prize or place (in a contest)

① 入浴【にゅうよく】 • bathe, bathing

① 尿【にょう】 • urine

① 任す【まかす】 • to entrust, to leave to a person

① 任務【にんむ】 • duty, function, office, mission, task

① 任命【にんめい】 • appointment, nomination, ordination, commission, designation

① 妊娠【にんしん】 • conception, pregnancy

① 認識【にんしき】 • recognition, cognizance, cognisance

① 熱意【ねつい】 • zeal, enthusiasm

① 念【ねん】 • sense, idea, thought, feeling, desire, concern, attention, care

① 念願【ねんがん】 • one's heart's desire, earnest petition

① 燃焼【ねんしょう】 • burning, combustion

① 燃料【ねんりょう】 • fuel

① 悩ます【なやます】 • to afflict, to torment, to harass, to molest

① 納入【のうにゅう】 • payment, supply

① 脳【のう】 • brain, memory

① 農場【のうじょう】 • farm (agriculture)

① 農地【のうち】 • agricultural land

① 把握【はあく】 • grasp, catch, understanding

① 派【は】 • clique, faction, school

① 派遣【はけん】 • dispatch, despatch, send

① 破壊【はかい】 • ① destruction, disruption ② (application) crash

① 廃棄【はいき】 • annulment, disposal, abandon, scrap, discarding, repeal

① 廃止【はいし】 • abolition, repeal

① 排除【はいじょ】 • exclusion, removal, rejection, elimination, abatement, lifting (sanctions, etc.)

① 排水【はいすい】 • drainage

① 敗戦【はいせん】 • defeat, losing a war

① 敗北【はいぼく】 • ① defeat ② to be defeated

① 背景【はいけい】 • background, scenery, setting, circumstance

① 背後【はいご】 • ① back, rear ② background, behind the scenes

① 肺【はい】 • lung

① 配給【はいきゅう】 • ① distribution (e.g. films, rice) ② rationing (e.g. food, gasoline) ③ food ration

① 配置【はいち】 • arrangement (of resources), deployment, stationing, posting, disposition

① 配布【はいふ】 • distribution

① 配分【はいぶん】 • distribution, allotment

① 配慮【はいりょ】 • consideration, concern, forethought

① 倍率【ばいりつ】 • magnification, leverage, amplification, scaling factor, scale factor

① 賠償【ばいしょう】 • reparations, indemnity, compensation

① 迫害【はくがい】 • persecution

① 爆弾【ばくだん】 • bomb

① 爆破【ばくは】 • destructive blast, explosion, blow up

① 発掘【はっくつ】 • ① excavation, exhumation ② discovery (e.g. new talent)

① 発言【はつげん】 • utterance, speech, proposal

① 発作【ほっさ】 • fit, spasm

① 発生【はっせい】 • ① outbreak, spring forth, occurrence, incidence, origin ② ontogeny, development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state

① 発病【はつびょう】 • attack (disease)

① 罰【ばつ】 • punishment, penalty

① 判決【はんけつ】 • judicial decision, judgement, judgment, sentence, decree

① 判定【はんてい】 • judgement, judgment, decision, award, verdict, determination

① 半端【はんぱ】 • remnant, fragment, incomplete set, fraction, odd sum, incompleteness

① 反応【はんのう】 • reaction, response

① 反響【はんきょう】 • echo, reverberation, repercussion, reaction, influence

① 反撃【はんげき】 • counterattack, counteroffensive, counterblow

① 反発【はんぱつ】 • ① to repel, to oppose, to revolt, to react sharply (against) ② opposition, rebellion, resistance, backlash ③ rally, recovery (e.g. in stock prices), rebound ④ to rally, to recover, to rebound

① 反乱【はんらん】 • insurrection, mutiny, rebellion, revolt, uprising

① 班【はん】 • group, party, section (mil)

① 繁栄【はんえい】 • prospering, prosperity, thriving, flourishing

① 繁殖【はんしょく】 • breed, multiply, increase, propagation

① 晩年【ばんねん】 • (one's) last years

① 否決【ひけつ】 • rejection, negation, voting down

① 彼等【かれら】 • they (usually male), them

① 悲観【ひかん】 • pessimism, disappointment

① 悲惨【ひさん】 • disastrous, tragic, miserable, wretched, pitiful

① 悲鳴【ひめい】 • shriek, scream

① 扉【とびら】 • ① door, gate, opening ② title page

① 比重【ひじゅう】 • ① specific gravity, weight, part ② relative weight, relative importance

① 比率【ひりつ】 • ratio, proportion, percentage

① 比例【ひれい】 • proportion

① 疲労【ひろう】 • fatigue, weariness

① 秘書【ひしょ】 • (private) secretary

① 避難【ひなん】 • taking refuge, finding shelter, evacuation, escape

① 非行【ひこう】 • delinquency, misconduct

① 尾【お】 • tail, ridge

① 美【び】 • beauty

① 美術【びじゅつ】 • art, fine arts

① 匹敵【ひってき】 • comparing with, match, rival, equal

① 票【ひょう】 • label, ballot, ticket, sign

① 描写【びょうしゃ】 • depiction, description, portrayal

① 苗【なえ】 • seedling

① 品質【ひんしつ】 • (material) quality

① 品種【ひんしゅ】 • ① kind (of goods), brand ② (taxonomical) form ③ breed, cultivar

① 浜【はま】 • beach, seashore

① 貧困【ひんこん】 • poverty, lack

① 頻繁【ひんぱん】 • frequent, incessant

① 敏感【びんかん】 • sensibility, susceptibility, sensitive (to), well attuned to

① 不可欠【ふかけつ】 • indispensable, essential

① 不況【ふきょう】 • recession, depression, slump

① 不景気【ふけいき】 • business recession, hard times, depression, gloom, sullenness, cheerlessness

① 不在【ふざい】 • absence

① 不審【ふしん】 • incomplete understanding, doubt, question, distrust, suspicion, strangeness, infidelity

① 不振【ふしん】 • dullness, depression, slump, stagnation

① 不調【ふちょう】 • bad condition, not to work out (i.e. a deal), disagreement, break-off, disorder, slump, out of form

① 不当【ふとう】 • injustice, impropriety, unreasonableness, undeserved, unfair, invalid

① 不動産【ふどうさん】 • real estate

① 不服【ふふく】 • dissatisfaction, discontent, disapproval, objection, complaint, protest, disagreement

① 不明【ふめい】 • unknown, obscure, indistinct, uncertain, ambiguous, ignorant, lack of wisdom, anonymous, unidentified

① 不良【ふりょう】 • badness, inferiority, delinquency, failure, defect, blemish

① 富【とみ】 • wealth, fortune

① 扶養【ふよう】 • support, maintenance

① 腐敗【ふはい】 • decay, depravity

① 負う【おう】 • ① to bear, to carry on one's back ② to take responsibility for, to accept a duty ③ to be injured ④ to owe

① 負債【ふさい】 • debt, liabilities

① 負傷【ふしょう】 • injury, wound

① 負担【ふたん】 • burden, charge, responsibility

① 赴く【おもむく】 • to go, to proceed, to repair to, to become

① 赴任【ふにん】 • (proceeding to) new appointment

① 武装【ぶそう】 • arms, armament, armed

① 武力【ぶりょく】 • armed might, military power, the sword, force

① 舞う【まう】 • ① to dance (orig. a whirling dance) ② to flutter about, to revolve

① 部下【ぶか】 • subordinate person

① 部門【ぶもん】 • class, group, category, department, field, branch

① 封鎖【ふうさ】 • ① blockade ② freezing (funds)

① 風俗【ふうぞく】 • ① manners, customs ② sex service, sex industry

① 風土【ふうど】 • natural features, topography, climate, spiritual features

① 復活【ふっかつ】 • ① revival (e.g. musical), come-back ② restoration, rebirth, resurrection

① 復旧【ふっきゅう】 • restoration, restitution, rehabilitation

① 復興【ふっこう】 • revival, renaissance, reconstruction

① 福【ふく】 • good fortune

① 福祉【ふくし】 • welfare, well-being, social welfare, social security, social service

① 複合【ふくごう】 • composite, combined, complex

① 覆す【くつがえす】 • to overturn, to upset, to overthrow, to undermine

① 物資【ぶっし】 • goods, materials

① 物体【ぶったい】 • body, object

① 分散【ぶんさん】 • dispersion, decentralization, decentralisation, variance (statistics), distribution, dissemination, allocation

① 分子【ぶんし】 • ① numerator ② molecule ③ member, element

① 分担【ぶんたん】 • apportionment, allotment, share

① 分配【ぶんぱい】 • division, sharing, distribution, dissemination, allocation

① 分離【ぶんり】 • separation, partition, detachment, segregation, isolation, decollation

① 分裂【ぶんれつ】 • split, division, break up

① 紛争【ふんそう】 • dispute, trouble, strife

① 文化財【ぶんかざい】 • cultural assets, cultural property

① 兵器【へいき】 • arms, weapons, ordnance

① 兵士【へいし】 • soldier

① 平常【へいじょう】 • normal, usual

① 柄【え】 • ① handle, grip ② stalk (of a mushroom, leaf, etc.)

① 並びに【ならびに】 • and (also), both ... and, as well as

① 閉鎖【へいさ】 • closing, closure, shutdown, lockout, unsociable

① 偏【へん】 • left-hand radical of a character

① 偏見【へんけん】 • prejudice, narrow view

① 変革【へんかく】 • ① change, reform, revolution, upheaval ② Reformation

① 変遷【へんせん】 • change, transition, vicissitudes

① 変動【へんどう】 • change, fluctuation

① 返還【へんかん】 • return, restoration

① 返済【へんさい】 • repayment, reimbursement, refund, redemption

① 便宜【べんぎ】 • convenience, accommodation, advantage, expedience

① 弁【べん】 • Oversight Department (division of the daijokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices)

① 弁護【べんご】 • defense, defence, pleading, advocacy

① 弁論【べんろん】 • discussion, debate, argument

① 保つ【たもつ】 • to keep, to preserve, to hold, to retain, to maintain, to support, to sustain, to last, to endure, to keep well (food), to wear well, to be durable

① 保育【ほいく】 • nursing, nurturing, rearing, lactation, suckling

① 保管【ほかん】 • charge, custody, safekeeping, deposit, storage

① 保険【ほけん】 • insurance, guarantee

① 保護【ほご】 • care, protection, shelter, safeguard, guardianship, favor, favour, patronage

① 保守【ほしゅ】 • maintenance, conservation

① 捕獲【ほかく】 • capture, seizure

① 捕虜【ほりょ】 • prisoner (of war)

① 補給【ほきゅう】 • supply, supplying, replenishment

① 補強【ほきょう】 • compensation, reinforcement

① 補充【ほじゅう】 • ① supplementation, supplement, replenishment, replenishing, replacement, refilling ② to replace, to refill, to replenish

① 補助【ほじょ】 • assistance, support, aid, auxiliary

① 補償【ほしょう】 • compensation, reparation

① 穂【ほ】 • ① ear (of plant), head (of plant) ② point, tip ③ scion (in grafting), cion

① 募る【つのる】 • ① to invite contributions, etc., to solicit help, participation, etc., to recruit (e.g. soldiers) ② to grow violent, to become stronger, to become worse

① 募金【ぼきん】 • fund-raising, collection of funds

① 母校【ぼこう】 • alma mater

① 母国【ぼこく】 • one's homeland

① 報酬【ほうしゅう】 • remuneration, recompense, reward, toll

① 報道【ほうどう】 • information, report, journalism

① 奉仕【ほうし】 • attendance, service, ministry, church work

① 崩壊【ほうかい】 • ① collapse, crumbling, breaking down, caving in ② decay (physics)

① 抱っこ【だっこ】 • (child's) hug, carrying a baby in one's arms

① 放り込む【ほうりこむ】 • to throw into

① 放棄【ほうき】 • abandonment, renunciation, resignation, abdication (responsibility, right)

① 放射能【ほうしゃのう】 • radioactivity

① 放出【ほうしゅつ】 • release, emit

① 方策【ほうさく】 • plan, policy

① 方式【ほうしき】 • form, method, system, formula

① 法案【ほうあん】 • bill (law)

① 法学【ほうがく】 • law, jurisprudence

① 法廷【ほうてい】 • courtroom

① 砲【ほう】 • gun, cannon, artillery, ordnance

① 妨害【ぼうがい】 • disturbance, obstruction, hindrance, jamming, interference

① 暴動【ぼうどう】 • insurrection, rebellion, revolt, riot, uprising

① 暴力【ぼうりょく】 • violence, mayhem

① 冒頭【ぼうとう】 • beginning, start, outset

① 膨張【ぼうちょう】 • expansion, swelling, increase, growth

① 防衛【ぼうえい】 • defense, defence, protection, self-defense, self-defence

① 牧師【ぼくし】 • pastor, minister, clergyman, reverend

① 本音【ほんね】 • real intention, motive

① 本格【ほんかく】 • ① original method or procedure ② serious, orthodox, classical, genuine

① 本館【ほんかん】 • main building

① 本国【ほんごく】 • one's own country

① 本質【ほんしつ】 • essence, true nature, substance, reality

① 本場【ほんば】 • home, habitat, center, centre, best place, genuine

① 本体【ほんたい】 • ① substance, real form ② body (of a machine) ③ object of worship (at a shrine, temple, etc.) ④ noumenon

① 本名【ほんみょう】 • real name

① 麻【あさ】 • flax, linen, hemp

① 埋める【うずめる】 • ① to cover, to bury (e.g. one's face in hands), to submerge ② to fill (completely), to stuff, to pack, to cram, to fill up

① 埋め込む【うめこむ】 • to bury, to embed

① 膜【まく】 • membrane, film

① 末【まつ】 • ① the end of ② powder

① 満たす【みたす】 • ① to satisfy, to ingratiate, to fulfill ② to fill (e.g. a cup) ③ to reach (a certain number)

① 味わい【あじわい】 • ① flavour, flavor ② meaning, significance

① 味覚【みかく】 • taste, palate, sense of taste

① 未だ【いまだ】 • ① as yet, hitherto, still ② not yet (with negative verb)

① 未知【みち】 • not yet known

① 未定【みてい】 • not yet fixed, undecided, pending

① 密接【みっせつ】 • related, connected, close, intimate

① 密度【みつど】 • density

① 民謡【みんよう】 • folk song, popular song

① 無言【むごん】 • silence

① 無効【むこう】 • invalid, no effect, unavailable, illegal

① 無線【むせん】 • wireless, radio

① 無断【むだん】 • without permission, without notice

① 無難【ぶなん】 • safety, security

① 無念【むねん】 • ① chagrin, regret ② free from obstructive thoughts

① 無用【むよう】 • useless, futility, needlessness, unnecessariness

① 名称【めいしょう】 • name, title

① 名簿【めいぼ】 • register of names

① 名誉【めいよ】 • honor, honour, credit, prestige

① 免除【めんじょ】 • exemption, exoneration, discharge

① 面会【めんかい】 • meeting (face-to-face), interview

① 模型【もけい】 • model, dummy, maquette

① 模索【もさく】 • groping (for), exploring for a solution

① 猛烈【もうれつ】 • violent, vehement, rage

① 問い合わせる【といあわせる】 • to enquire, to inquire, to seek information

① 問う【とう】 • ① to ask, to question, to inquire ② to charge (i.e. with a crime), to accuse ③ to care (about) ④ without regard to (with negative verb)

① 野外【やがい】 • fields, outskirts, open air, suburbs

① 野心【やしん】 • ambition, aspiration, designs, treachery

① 野生【やせい】 • wild, growing wild

① 野党【やとう】 • opposition party, political opposition, opposition

① 矢【や】 • arrow

① 役場【やくば】 • town hall

① 役職【やくしょく】 • post, managerial position, official position

① 優【ゆう】 • ① gentle ② elegant, classy ③ superior, skilled ④ excellent (in marking, grading, etc.) ⑤ actor

① 優位【ゆうい】 • predominance, ascendancy, superiority

① 優勢【ゆうせい】 • superiority, superior power, predominance, preponderance

① 優先【ゆうせん】 • preference, priority, precedence

① 幽霊【ゆうれい】 • ghost, specter, spectre, apparition, phantom

① 有益【ゆうえき】 • beneficial, profitable

① 有機【ゆうき】 • organic

① 有望【ゆうぼう】 • good prospects, full of hope, promising

① 有力【ゆうりょく】 • ① influential, prominent ② strong, likely, plausible, potent

① 誘導【ゆうどう】 • guidance, leading, induction, introduction, incitement, inducement

① 融資【ゆうし】 • financing, loan

① 予め【あらかじめ】 • beforehand, in advance, previously

① 予感【よかん】 • presentiment, premonition

① 予想【よそう】 • expectation, anticipation, prediction, forecast, conjecture

① 余地【よち】 • place, room, margin, scope

① 与党【よとう】 • government party, (ruling) party in power, government

① 預金【よきん】 • deposit, bank account

① 様式【ようしき】 • style, form, pattern

① 様相【ようそう】 • aspect

① 用紙【ようし】 • ① blank form ② sheets of paper, sheet of paper

① 用品【ようひん】 • articles, supplies, parts

① 要する【ようする】 • to need, to demand, to take, to require

① 要因【よういん】 • main cause, primary factor

① 要請【ようせい】 • claim, demand, request, application

① 要望【ようぼう】 • demand for, request

① 養成【ようせい】 • training, development

① 抑圧【よくあつ】 • check, restraint, oppression, suppression

① 抑制【よくせい】 • control, restraint, suppression, constraint, curtailment, inhibition, check, curb

① 欲【よく】 • greed, craving, desire, avarice, wants

① 欲望【よくぼう】 • desire, appetite, lust

① 落ち込む【おちこむ】 • ① to feel down (sad) ② to be in a slump (e.g. business, economy), to be in an unfavourable condition ③ to fall into (e.g. a hole)

① 濫用【らんよう】 • abuse, misuse, misappropriation, using to excess

① 利子【りし】 • interest (bank)

① 利息【りそく】 • interest (bank)

① 利点【りてん】 • advantage, point in favor, point in favour

① 立体【りったい】 • ① solid body, three-dimensional object ② multi-storey car park

① 立法【りっぽう】 • legislation, lawmaking

① 流通【りゅうつう】 • ① circulation of money or goods, flow of water or air, distribution ② negotiable (e.g. shares)

① 旅客【りょかく】 • passenger (transport)

① 了解【りょうかい】 • comprehension, consent, understanding, roger (on the radio)

① 両立【りょうりつ】 • compatibility, coexistence, standing together

① 良好【りょうこう】 • favorable, favourable, satisfactory

① 良識【りょうしき】 • good sense

① 良質【りょうしつ】 • good quality, superior quality

① 領域【りょういき】 • area, domain, territory, field, range, region, regime

① 領土【りょうど】 • dominion, territory, possession

① 林業【りんぎょう】 • forestry

① 類【るい】 • kind, sort, class, family, genus

① 類似【るいじ】 • ① resemblance, similarity, analogous, quasi ② to resemble, to be similar, to be alike

① 暦【こよみ】 • calendar, almanac

① 恋愛【れんあい】 • love, love-making, passion, emotion, affections

① 連休【れんきゅう】 • consecutive holidays

① 連帯【れんたい】 • ① solidarity, collective ② joint

① 連中【れんちゅう】 • colleagues, company, a lot, those guys (slightly impolite)

① 連日【れんじつ】 • every day, prolonged

① 連邦【れんぽう】 • commonwealth, federation of states

① 連盟【れんめい】 • league, union, alliance

① 露【つゆ】 • dew

① 露骨【ろこつ】 • ① frank, blunt, plain, outspoken ② conspicuous, open ③ broad, suggestive, lewd

① 朗読【ろうどく】 • reading aloud, recitation

① 論議【ろんぎ】 • discussion, argument, debate

① 論理【ろんり】 • ① logic ② logical

① 惑星【わくせい】 • planet

① 枠【わく】 • frame, slide, border

① 駆ける【かける】 • ① to soar, to fly ② to run, to dash

① 依存【いぞん】 • dependence, dependent, reliance

① 円滑【えんかつ】 • smooth, undisturbed, uninterrupted, harmonious

① 音色【ねいろ】 • ① tone color, tone colour, tone quality, timbre ② synthesizer patch, synthesiser patch

① 幹【みき】 • (tree) trunk, (arrow) shaft, (tool) handle, backbone, base

① 管【かん】 • pipe, tube

① 共存【きょうぞん】 • coexistence

① 溝【みぞ】 • ditch, drain, gutter, gap

① 合併【がっぺい】 • combination, union, amalgamation, consolidation, merger, coalition, fusion, annexation, affiliation, incorporation

① 施行【しこう】 • ① execution, enforcing, carrying out ② giving alms, giving food to the poor or monks

① 出生【しゅっしょう】 • birth

① 情緒【じょうちょ】 • ① emotion, feeling ② spirit

① 誠【まこと】 • ① truth, reality ② sincerity, honesty, integrity, fidelity

① 早急【そうきゅう】 • urgent

① 発足【ほっそく】 • starting, inauguration, launch, founding, establishment, start-up

① 避ける【よける】 • ① to avoid (physical contact with) ② to avoid (situation) ③ to ward off, to avert

① 描く【かく】 • to draw, to paint, to sketch, to depict, to describe

① 文書【ぶんしょ】 • document, writing, letter, paperwork, note, records, archives

① 墓地【ぼち】 • cemetery, graveyard

① 本文【ほんぶん】 • text (of document), body (of letter)

① 万能【ばんのう】 • ① all-purpose, utility ② almighty, omnipotent

① 問屋【とんや】 • wholesale store

① 言い訳【いいわけ】 • ① excuse ② explanation

① 生かす【いかす】 • ① to make (the best) use of, to leverage (skills, attributes, experience, etc.), to capitalise on (experience, etc) ② to let live, to keep alive ③ to revive, to resuscitate

① 育成【いくせい】 • rearing, training, nurture, cultivation, promotion

① 意向【いこう】 • intention, idea, inclination

① 意欲【いよく】 • will, desire, ambition

① 威力【いりょく】 • power, might, authority, influence

① 運送【うんそう】 • transport, freight, shipping

① 箇所【かしょ】 • passage, place, point, part

① 傍ら【かたわら】 • ① side, edge, beside, besides, nearby ② while (doing)

① 肝心【かんじん】 • essential, fundamental, crucial, vital, main

① 起源【きげん】 • origin, beginning, rise

① 規範【きはん】 • model, standard, pattern, norm, criterion, example

① 綺麗【きれい】 • ① pretty, lovely, beautiful, fair ② clean, clear, pure, tidy, neat ③ completely, entirely

① 区画【くかく】 • division, section, compartment, boundary, area, block

① 小売【こうり】 • retail

① 個々【ここ】 • individual, one by one, separate

① 収集【しゅうしゅう】 • gathering up, collection, accumulation

① 侵略【しんりゃく】 • aggression, invasion, raid

① 専用【せんよう】 • ① exclusive use, personal use, dedicated ② private (e.g. network)

① 総合【そうごう】 • ① synthesis, coordination, putting together, integration, composite ② comprehensive

① 添える【そえる】 • ① to garnish, to accompany (as a card does a gift) ② to add to as support, to prop up ③ to accompany (as an aid, guide, translator, etc.)

① 建前【たてまえ】 • ① face, official stance, public position or attitude (as opposed to private thoughts) ② ceremony for the erection of the framework of a house ③ tea ceremony procedures, tea ceremony etiquette

① 探検【たんけん】 • exploration, expedition

① 貯蓄【ちょちく】 • savings

① 手当【てあて】 • ① allowance, compensation ② treatment, medical care

① 尊い【とうとい】 • precious, valuable, priceless, noble, exalted, sacred

① 時折【ときおり】 • sometimes

① 届【とどけ】 • report, notification, registration

① 取扱【とりあつかい】 • treatment, service, handling, management

① 取り締まり【とりしまり】 • control, management, supervision

① 取引【とりひき】 • transactions, dealings, business

① 堂々【どうどう】 • ① magnificent, grand, impressive, dignified, majestic, imposing, stately ② fair, square, open ③ grandly, boldly, confidently ④ fairly, squarely ⑤ unreservedly, without apology, without hesitation

① 同盟【どうめい】 • alliance, union, league

① 並【なみ】 • average, medium, common, ordinary

① 値引き【ねびき】 • price reduction, discount

① 図る【はかる】 • ① to plot, to attempt, to plan, to devise, to design ② to take in, to deceive ③ to aim for, to have something in mind ④ to refer A to B

① 華やか【はなやか】 • showy, brilliant, gorgeous, florid, gay

① 引き上げる【ひきあげる】 • ① to pull up, to drag up, to lift up ② to increase, to raise (e.g. taxes) ③ to withdraw, to leave, to pull out, to retire ④ to return home

① 附属【ふぞく】 • attached, belonging (to), included, enclosed, affiliated, annexed, associated, subordinate, incidental, dependent, auxiliary

① 普遍【ふへん】 • universal, ubiquitous, omnipresent

① 保障【ほしょう】 • guarantee, security, assurance, pledge, warranty

① 勝る【まさる】 • ① to excel, to surpass, to exceed, to have an edge, to be superior, to outrival ② to outweigh, to preponderate

① 麻酔【ますい】 • anaesthesia, anesthesia

① 末期【まっき】 • ① closing years (period, days), last stage, end stage, end-of-life (care, decision making, etc.) ② terminal (e.g. cancer, disease, etc.), final

① 見通し【みとおし】 • perspective, unobstructed view, outlook, forecast, prospect, insight, foresight, visibility

① 見なす【みなす】 • to consider as, to regard (as equivalent), to deem (as), to equate

① 民族【みんぞく】 • people, race, nation

① 民俗【みんぞく】 • folk customs, folkways, ethnic customs

① 申込【もうしこみ】 • application, entry, request, subscription, offer, proposal, overture, challenge

① 漏れる【もれる】 • to leak out, to escape, to come through, to shine through, to filter out, to be omitted

① 屋敷【やしき】 • residence, estate, grounds, premises, mansion

① 世【よ】 • world, society, age, generation

① 養護【ようご】 • nursing, (protective) care

① 世論【せろん】 • public opinion

① 理屈【りくつ】 • theory, reason

① 略奪【りゃくだつ】 • pillage, plunder, looting, robbery

① 了承【りょうしょう】 • acknowledgement, acknowledgment, understanding (e.g. "please be understanding of the mess during our renovation"), noting, acceptance

① 割【わり】 • ① rate, ratio, proportion, percentage ② profit ③ assignment ④ 10%, unit of ten percent ⑤ sumo match, schedule of sumo matches ⑥ diluted with (of drinks), mixed with

① 汚れ【よごれ】 • dirt, filth

① 密か【ひそか】 • secret, private, surreptitious

① 衣類【いるい】 • clothes, clothing, garments

① 共和【きょうわ】 • republicanism, cooperation

① 行ける【いける】 • to look (taste, etc.) good

① 碑【いしぶみ】 • stone monument bearing an inscription

① 菌【きん】 • ① fungus ② germ, bacterium, bacillus

① 芸【げい】 • art, craft, accomplishment, artistic skill, technique, performance

① 隊【たい】 • party, company, body (of troops), corps

① 官【かん】 • government service, the bureaucracy

① 強【きょう】 • ① a little over, a little more than ② powerhouse, one of the biggest, one of the most powerful

① 苦【く】 • ① pain, anguish, suffering, distress, anxiety, worry, trouble, difficulty, hardship ② duhkha (suffering)

① 書【しょ】 • ① document, book ② penmanship, handwriting, calligraphy (esp. Chinese)

① 異【い】 • ① difference (of opinion) ② strange, odd, unusual ③ different

① 条【じょう】 • ① article (in document), provision ② stripe, streak, line

① 寄り【より】 • ① pushing back one's opponent while locked in close quarters (sumo) ② having a tendency towards, being close to

① 当【とう】 • this (business organisation or place)

① 意【い】 • ① feelings, thoughts ② meaning

① 界【かい】 • ① (biological) kingdom ② erathem (rock layer corresponding to the era in which it was deposited) ③ partition of land ④ the world of (some category)

① 被【ひ】 • indicates the target of an activity

① 遍【へん】 • number of times

① 亜【あ】 • ① sub- ② -ous (indicating a low oxidation state), -ite

ずらす • to shift, to slide (e.g., something away from something else), to move (e.g., something out of the way), to put off, to delay

どきどき • throb, beat (fast)

ホスト • host

川【かわ】 • ① river, stream ② the .... river, (suffix used with the names of rivers)

いずれ • ① where, which, who ② anyway, anyhow, at any rate, sooner or later, eventually, at some future date or time

おば • (used with suffix -san or -sama) endearing term for unrelated older woman, (with suffix -san) term used by a child to address unrelated adult female

下【か】 • under (being in said condition or environment)

起す【おこす】 • to raise, to cause, to wake someone

計【けい】 • ① plan ② meter, measuring device ③ (in) total, total (of)

図書【としょ】 • books

正【せい】 • ① (logical) true, regular ② 10^40 ③ original ④ positive, greater than zero

茶【ちゃ】 • ① tea ② tea plant (Camellia sinensis) ③ tea preparation, making tea ④ brown

田【た】 • rice field

入口【いりぐち】 • entrance, entry, gate, approach, mouth

売上【うりあげ】 • amount sold, proceeds

終る【おわる】 • to finish, to end, to close

英和【えいわ】 • English-Japanese (e.g. dictionary)

科【か】 • ① department, section ② (taxonomical) family

具体【ぐたい】 • concrete, tangible, material

合理【ごうり】 • rational

留まる【とどまる】 • ① to stop, to halt ② to remain, to abide, to stay (in the one place) ③ to come to a halt ④ to be limited to

曜日【ようび】 • day of the week

どこ • ① where, what place ② how much (long, far), what extent

打合せ【うちあわせ】 • business meeting, previous arrangement, appointment

もったいない • ① too good, more than one deserves, unworthy of ② wasteful

ぶつ • ① stock, products ② stolen goods, loot, spoils

菓子【かし】 • pastry, confectionery

換気【かんき】 • ventilation

間接【かんせつ】 • indirection, indirectness

共産【きょうさん】 • ① communism ② Communist Party

御飯【ごはん】 • ① cooked rice ② meal

状【じょう】 • ① shape, state ② letter, correspondence

全般【ぜんぱん】 • (the) whole, universal, wholly, general

すなわち • that is, namely, i.e.

庁【ちょう】 • government office, agency, board

暮れ【くれ】 • year end, sunset, nightfall, end

また • again, and, also, still (doing something)

民主【みんしゅ】 • ① democracy, popular sovereignty ② democratic

友好【ゆうこう】 • friendship

有難い【ありがたい】 • grateful, thankful, welcome, appreciated, evoking gratitude

浴【よく】 • bath

領収【りょうしゅう】 • receipt, voucher

零【れい】 • zero, nought

押える【おさえる】 • ① to pin something down, to hold something down, to hold something back, to stop, to restrain, to curb ② to seize, to grasp, to arrest ③ to gain control of something, to govern, to keep down (e.g. information), to suppress ④ to catch happening, to determine (important points), to find (proof), to understand

支払【しはらい】 • payment

ひどい • cruel, awful, severe, very bad, serious, terrible, heavy, violent

訓【くん】 • native Japanese reading (rendering) of a Chinese character

翌【よく】 • the following, next

たま • occasional, rare

仰る【おっしゃる】 • to say, to speak, to tell, to talk

討つ【うつ】 • ① to shoot (at) ② to attack, to defeat, to destroy, to avenge

素【もと】 • ingredient

ごめん • your pardon, declining (something), dismissal, permission

擦る【かする】 • to touch lightly, to take a percentage (from)

松【まつ】 • ① pine tree ② highest (of a three-tier ranking system)

なる • ① to become, to get, to grow, to be, to reach, to attain ② to result in, to prove to be ③ to consist of, to be composed of ④ to succeed, to be complete ⑤ to change into, to be exchanged for ⑥ to play a role ⑦ to be promoted (shogi)

おおよそ • about, roughly, as a rule, approximately

抽象【ちゅうしょう】 • abstract

堀【ほり】 • moat, canal

締切【しめきり】 • closing, cut-off, end, deadline, Closed, No Entrance

徐々に【じょじょに】 • slowly, little by little, gradually, steadily, quietly

振舞う【ふるまう】 • ① to behave, to conduct oneself ② to entertain, to treat someone (to a drink), to make tea for someone (tea ceremony)

我【わが】 • my, our, one's own

滑る【ぬめる】 • ① to be slippery, to be slimy ② to behave charmingly, to walk merrily

器【き】 • ① device, instrument ② vessel, container

あの • say, well, errr ...

斬る【きる】 • to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.), to slice (off), to lop (off), to cut (off)

しばらく • ① little while, short while, moment, instant ② a while, quite a time ③ it's been a long time

手頃【てごろ】 • moderate, handy

ごみ • rubbish, trash, garbage, refuse

そのまま • without change, as it is (i.e. now)

ほとんど • mostly, almost

さて • well, now, then

たばこ • tobacco, cigarettes

やせる • ① to become thin, to lose weight, to reduce (one's) weight, to slim ② to be barren, to be infertile, to be sterile