Study Set: Minna no Nihongo Intermediate I

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Minna no Nihongo Intermediate I

Minna no Nihongo Chuukyuu Lesson 1-12

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858 entries — Created by Buch . — Last modified: 2014-07-19 04:44:40

⑤ お金【おかね】 • money

⑤ そう • ① so, really, seeming ② (after masu stem and adj-stem) appearing that, seeming that, looking like, having the appearance of

⑤ もう • ① already, anymore ② soon, shortly ③ more, further, other, again ④ interjection used to strengthen expression of an emotion (often exasperation)

⑤ シャツ • shirt, singlet

⑤ スカート • skirt

⑤ ノート • ① notebook, copy-book, exercise book ② note ③ notebook PC

⑤ レストラン • restaurant (esp. Western-style)

⑤ 一【いち】 • ① one ② best in, the most (...) in (where an adjective follows)

⑤ 一つ【ひとつ】 • ① one ② for one thing (often used in itemized lists) ③ (after a noun) only ④ (with a verb in negative form) (not) even ⑤ just (i.e. "just try it")

⑤ 右【みぎ】 • ① right, right hand side ② afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing), foregoing, forgoing, above

⑤ 花【はな】 • ① flower, blossom, bloom, petal ② blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms), cherry blossom ③ ikebana ④ Japanese playing cards ⑤ beauty ⑥ (the) best

⑤ 学生【がくせい】 • student (esp. a university student)

⑤ 空【そら】 • sky, the heavens

⑤ 語【ご】 • ① language ② word

⑤ 今【いま】 • now, the present time, just now, soon, immediately, (one) more

⑤ 時間【じかん】 • ① time ② hours

⑤ 出す【だす】 • ① to take out, to get out ② to put out, to reveal, to show ③ to submit (e.g. thesis), to turn in ④ to publish, to make public ⑤ to send (e.g. letter) ⑥ to produce (a sound), to start (fire) ⑦ to serve (food) ⑧ to begin

⑤ 出る【でる】 • ① to go out, to exit, to leave ② to appear, to come forth, to be published ③ to answer (the phone or door)

⑤ 出来る【できる】 • ① to be able (in a position) to do, to be up to the task ② to be ready, to be completed ③ to be made, to be built ④ to be good at, to be permitted (to do) ⑤ to become intimate, to take up (with somebody) ⑥ to grow, to be raised

⑤ 人【じん】 • ① -ian (e.g. Italian, etc.) (attaches to name of country to denote nationality), -er (e.g. performer, etc.) (attaches to name of occupation) ② (usu. in compound words) man, person, people

⑤ 先【さき】 • ① previous, prior, former, some time ago, preceding ② point (e.g. pencil), tip, end, nozzle ③ head (of a line), front ④ ahead, the other side ⑤ the future, hereafter ⑥ destination ⑦ the other party

⑤ 電話【でんわ】 • telephone

⑤ 道【みち】 • ① road, street, way, path, course, route, lane ② distance, ways (e.g. "a long ways") ③ the way (of proper conduct, etc.), one's way, morals ④ teachings (esp. Confucian or Buddhist), dogma ⑤ field (of medicine, etc.), subject ⑥ way, method, means

⑤ 入る【はいる】 • ① to enter ② to break into ③ to join, to enroll ④ to contain, to hold, to accommodate ⑤ to have (an income of)

⑤ 百【ひゃく】 • 100, hundred

⑤ 名前【なまえ】 • ① name, full name ② given name, first name

⑤ 来る【くる】 • ① to come (spatially or temporally), to approach, to arrive ② to come back, to do ... and come back ③ to come to be, to become, to get, to grow, to continue ④ to come from, to be caused by, to derive from ⑤ to come to (i.e. "when it comes to spinach ...")

⑤ 何【なん】 • ① what ② how many (some counter)

⑤ 人【ひと】 • ① man, person ② human being, mankind, people ③ character, personality ④ man of talent, true man ⑤ other people ⑥ adult

⑤ 目【め】 • ① eye, eyeball ② eyesight ③ look ④ experience ⑤ viewpoint ⑥ ordinal number suffix ⑦ somewhat, -ish

⑤ 時【じ】 • ① hour, o'clock ② (specified) time, when ..., during ...

⑤ 日【にち】 • ① Sunday ② day (of the month) ③ counter for days

⑤ 人【にん】 • ① counter for people ② (usu. in compound words) person

⑤ 暗い【くらい】 • ① dark, gloomy ② dark (in colour), dull ③ depressed, dispirited ④ sorrowful, bitter (as in a dark past) ⑤ unclear, unfamiliar, unknown

⑤ 引く【ひく】 • ① to pull ② to draw (attention, etc.), to attract (interest, etc.) ③ to draw back ④ to draw (a card) ⑤ to draw (plan, line, etc.) ⑥ to catch (cold) ⑦ to play (string instr.) ⑧ to look up (e.g. dictionary), to consult ⑨ to haul, to pull (vehicles) ⑩ to subtract ⑪ to ebb, to fade ⑫ to descend (from), to inherit (a characteristic) ⑬ to quote, to raise (as evidence) ⑭ to lay (a cable), to draw (a cable)

⑤ 遠い【とおい】 • far, distant

⑤ 音楽【おんがく】 • music, musical movement

⑤ 家族【かぞく】 • family, members of a family

⑤ 帰る【かえる】 • ① to return, to come home, to go home, to go back ② (of a guest, customer, etc.) to leave ③ (of a baseball player rounding the bases) to get home

⑤ 牛肉【ぎゅうにく】 • beef

⑤ 教室【きょうしつ】 • classroom

⑤ 元気【げんき】 • health(y), robust, vigor, vigour, energy, vitality, vim, stamina, spirit, courage, pep

⑤ 仕事【しごと】 • ① work, job, business, occupation, employment, vocation, task ② work

⑤ 持つ【もつ】 • ① to hold, to carry ② to possess

⑤ 時計【とけい】 • watch, clock, timepiece

⑤ 自分【じぶん】 • ① myself, yourself, oneself, himself, herself ② I, me

⑤ 所【ところ】 • ① place, spot, scene, site ② address ③ district, area, locality ④ one's house ⑤ point ⑥ part ⑦ space, room ⑧ whereupon, as a result ⑨ (after present form of a verb) about to, on the verge of

⑤ 声【こえ】 • voice

⑤ 切る【きる】 • ① to cut (usu. to cut through) ② to sever (connections, ties) ③ to turn off (i.e. the light) ④ to terminate (i.e. a conversation), to hang up (the phone), to disconnect ⑤ to punch (a ticket), to tear off (a stub) ⑥ to open (something sealed) ⑦ to start ⑧ to set (a limit) ⑨ to reduce, to decrease, to discount ⑩ to shake off (water, etc.), to let drip-dry (or drain) ⑪ to cross ⑫ to do (something noticeable) ⑬ to turn (a vehicle) ⑭ to cut (the ball) ⑮ to shuffle (cards) ⑯ to trump ⑰ (in Go) to isolate (an opponent's stone) ⑱ (after the -masu stem of a verb) to finish, to complete

⑤ 多い【おおい】 • many, numerous

⑤ 同じ【おなじ】 • ① same, identical, equal, uniform, equivalent, similar, common (origin), changeless, alike ② (usu. part of a 'nara' conditional) anyway, anyhow, in either case

⑤ 服【ふく】 • ① clothes (esp. Western clothes) ② counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.

⑤ 勉強【べんきょう】 • ① study ② diligence ③ discount, reduction

⑤ 方【ほう】 • side, direction, way

⑤ 明るい【あかるい】 • ① bright, colourful ② cheerful ③ familiar (with), knowledgeable (about) ④ fair (e.g. politics), clean

⑤ 旅行【りょこう】 • travel, trip

⑤ 料理【りょうり】 • ① cooking, cookery, cuisine ② dealing with something, handling, administration, management

⑤ 明日【あした】 • tomorrow

⑤ 家庭【かてい】 • home, family, household

⑤ 言葉【ことば】 • ① language, dialect ② word, words, phrase, term, expression, remark ③ speech, (manner of) speaking

⑤ 向こう【むこう】 • ① opposite side, other side, opposite direction ② over there, that way, far away, beyond ③ the other party, the other person ④ future (starting now)

⑤ 取る【とる】 • ① to take, to pick up, to harvest, to earn, to choose ② to steal ③ to eat, to have (a meal) ④ to remove (one's glasses, etc.)

⑤ 酒【さけ】 • alcohol, sake

⑤ 消える【きえる】 • to go out, to vanish, to disappear

⑤ 飛ぶ【とぶ】 • to fly, to soar

⑤ 豚肉【ぶたにく】 • pork

⑤ 部屋【へや】 • ① room ② sumo stable

⑤ 文章【ぶんしょう】 • ① sentence, article, composition ② (writing) style

⑤ 無い【ない】 • ① nonexistent, not being (there) ② unpossessed, unowned, not had ③ unique ④ indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility ⑤ (after the ren'youkei form of an adjective) not ... ⑥ (after the -te form of a verb) to not be..., to have not ...

⑤ 留学生【りゅうがくせい】 • overseas student, exchange student

⑤ 側【がわ】 • ① side (of something, or taking someone's side), part ② (watch) case

⑤ 丸い【まるい】 • ① round, circular, spherical ② harmonious, calm

⑤ お菓子【おかし】 • confections, sweets, candy

⑤ 過ぎ【すぎ】 • ① past, after ② too (much), over (e.g. eating)

⑤ 困る【こまる】 • to be troubled, to be worried, to be bothered, to be embarrassed, to be stumped

⑤ 辞書【じしょ】 • dictionary, lexicon

⑤ 授業【じゅぎょう】 • lesson, class work

⑤ 遅い【おそい】 • ① slow ② late (e.g. "late at night") ③ too late

⑤ 必要【ひつよう】 • ① necessary, needed, essential, indispensable ② necessity, need, requirement

⑤ 枚【まい】 • counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper)

⑤ ごろ • ① (approximate) time, around, about, toward ② suitable time (or condition) ③ time of year, season

⑤ 余り【あまり】 • ① remainder, rest, balance, remains, scraps, residue, remnant ② not very (with negative sentence), not much ③ surplus, excess, fullness, too much ④ overjoyed, overwhelmed ⑤ more than, over

⑤ 丁度【ちょうど】 • just, right, exactly

⑤ 立派【りっぱ】 • splendid, fine, handsome, elegant, imposing, prominent, legal, legitimate

⑤ 風邪【かぜ】 • cold (illness), common cold

⑤ 嫌【いや】 • disagreeable, detestable, unpleasant, reluctant

⑤ 良い【よい】 • ① good, excellent, fine, nice, pleasant, agreeable ② sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer), ready, prepared ③ profitable (e.g. deal, business offer, etc.), beneficial ④ OK

⑤ その • ① that (something or someone distant from the speaker, close to the listener; actions of the listener, or ideas expressed or understood by the listener), the ② um..., er..., uh...

⑤ それ • ① that (indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind), it ② that time, then

⑤ する • ① to do ② to cause to become, to make (into), to turn (into) ③ to serve as, to act as, to work as ④ to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ⑤ to judge as being, to view as being, to think of as, to treat as, to use as ⑥ to decide on, to choose ⑦ to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ⑧ to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ⑨ to be worth, to cost ⑩ to pass (of time), to elapse ⑪ verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs") ⑫ creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go") ⑬ to be just about to, to be just starting to, to try to, to attempt to

⑤ いくつ • ① how many? ② how old?

⑤ なる • ① to become, to get, to grow, to be, to reach, to attain ② to result in, to prove to be ③ to consist of, to be composed of ④ to succeed, to be complete ⑤ to change into, to be exchanged for ⑥ to play a role ⑦ to be promoted (shogi)

⑤ また • again, and, also, still (doing something)

⑤ よう • ① (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb) appearing ..., looking ... ② (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb) way to ..., method of ...ing ③ (usu. after a noun) form, style, design ④ (usu. after a noun) like, similar to ⑤ thing (thought or spoken)

⑤ つける • to turn on, to switch on, to light up

⑤ どの • which, what (way)

⑤ そこ • ① there (place relatively near listener) ② there (place just mentioned), that place ③ then (of some incident just spoken of), that (of point just raised)

⑤ これ • ① this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic) ② this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group) ③ now

④ ページ • page

④ アルバイト • ① part-time job, side job ② albite

④ サンダル • sandal

④ スーツケース • suitcase

④ タイプ • ① type, kind, sort, style ② typewriter, typing

④ ベル • ① bell ② bel, B

④ 以下【いか】 • ① not exceeding, and downward, ... and below ② below (e.g. standard), under (e.g. a level) ③ the below-mentioned, the following, the rest

④ 以外【いがい】 • with the exception of, excepting

④ 以上【いじょう】 • ① not less than, ... and more, ... and upwards ② beyond ... (e.g. one's means), further (e.g. nothing further to say), more than ... (e.g. cannot pay more than that) ③ above-mentioned, foregoing ④ since ..., seeing that ... ⑤ this is all, that is the end, the end

④ 員【いん】 • member

④ 運転【うんてん】 • operation, motion, driving

④ 運動【うんどう】 • motion, exercise

④ 会【かい】 • ① meeting, assembly, party ② association, club

④ 気【き】 • ① spirit, mind, heart ② nature, disposition ③ motivation, intention ④ mood, feelings ⑤ atmosphere, essence

④ 急【きゅう】 • ① urgent, sudden, abrupt ② sharp, steep, precipitous ③ rapid, swift, fast ④ emergency, crisis ⑤ hurrying, haste ⑥ (in gagaku or noh) end of a song

④ 計画【けいかく】 • plan, project, schedule, scheme, program, programme

④ 見える【みえる】 • ① to be seen, to be in sight ② to look, to seem, to appear ③ to come

④ 見物【けんぶつ】 • sightseeing, sightseer, watching, watcher

④ 高校生【こうこうせい】 • senior high school student

④ 時代【じだい】 • ① period, epoch, era, age ② the times, those days ③ oldness, ancientness, antiquity ④ antique, period piece

④ 社会【しゃかい】 • society, public

④ 少年【しょうねん】 • boys, juveniles

④ 場合【ばあい】 • case, situation

④ 世界【せかい】 • the world, society, the universe

④ 生きる【いきる】 • to live, to exist

④ 送る【おくる】 • ① to send (a thing), to dispatch, to despatch ② to take or escort (a person somewhere), to see off (a person) ③ to bid farewell (to the departed), to bury ④ to spend (time), to live one's life ⑤ to pass (down the line) ⑥ to affix okurigana

④ 店員【てんいん】 • shop assistant, employee, clerk, salesperson

④ 入学【にゅうがく】 • entry to school or university, matriculation

④ 別【べつ】 • distinction, difference, different, another, particular, separate, extra, exception

④ 用【よう】 • ① task, business ② use, duty, service ③ call of nature, excretion

④ 立てる【たてる】 • ① to stand (something) up, to erect (something) ② to make (a noise, a sound) ③ to put (tooth, claw, pointed object) to ④ to set (a plan, etc.), to decide (objective, schedule)

④ 音【おと】 • ① sound, noise, report ② note (music) ③ fame

④ 乗り物【のりもの】 • vehicle

④ 代【だい】 • ① charge, cost, price ② generation, age, reign ③ (geological) era ④ (after someone's name or title) a representative of, on behalf of, for (someone) ⑤ used after a phone number to indicate that it is a switchboard number ⑥ counter for decades of ages, eras, etc. ⑦ counter for generations (of inheritors to a throne, etc.) ⑧ proxy application company

④ 安全【あんぜん】 • ① safety ② security

④ 雲【くも】 • cloud

④ 客【きゃく】 • ① guest, visitor ② customer, client, shopper, spectator, audience, tourist, sightseer, passenger

④ 泣く【なく】 • to cry, to weep, to sob, to howl

④ 近所【きんじょ】 • neighbourhood, neighborhood

④ 血【ち】 • blood, consanguinity

④ 湖【みずうみ】 • lake

④ お礼【おれい】 • thanking, expression of gratitude

④ 指【ゆび】 • finger, toe, digit

④ 自由【じゆう】 • freedom, liberty, as it pleases you

④ 受ける【うける】 • ① to receive, to accept, to get, to inherit ② to catch (e.g. a ball), to parry (e.g. a blow), to take (lesson, test, damage), to sustain (damage), to incur (loss) ③ to become popular, to be well-received, to go down well

④ 焼く【やく】 • ① to bake, to grill ② to develop (photos) ③ to suntan ④ to burn (in flames, down, CD, DVD, etc.), to scorch ⑤ to be jealous, to be envious

④ 森【もり】 • ① forest ② shrine grove

④ 深い【ふかい】 • deep, profound, thick, close

④ 生活【せいかつ】 • living, life (one's daily existence), livelihood

④ 線【せん】 • line (also telephone, railway), wire, beam

④ 虫【むし】 • insect, bug, cricket, moth, worm

④ 反対【はんたい】 • opposition, resistance, antagonism, hostility, contrast, objection, dissension, reverse, opposite, vice versa

④ 美しい【うつくしい】 • beautiful, lovely

④ 鳴る【なる】 • to sound, to ring, to resound, to echo, to roar, to rumble

④ 留守【るす】 • ① absence, being away from home ② house-sitting, house-sitter ③ being left unattended to (of one's studies, etc.), neglecting

④ 例えば【たとえば】 • for example, e.g.

④ 決まる【きまる】 • ① to be decided, to be settled ② to look good in (clothes)

④ 島【とう】 • island (in placenames)

④ 湖【こ】 • lake (in place names)

④ 案内【あんない】 • ① information, guidance, leading ② to guide, to show (around), to conduct

④ 引っ越す【ひっこす】 • to move (house), to change residence

④ 関係【かんけい】 • relation, connection

④ 危険【きけん】 • ① danger, peril, hazard ② dangerous, hazardous

④ 喜ぶ【よろこぶ】 • ① to be delighted, to be glad, to be pleased ② to congratulate ③ to gratefully accept

④ 競争【きょうそう】 • ① competition, contest ② to compete

④ 差し上げる【さしあげる】 • ① to give, to offer ② to lift up, to hold up, to raise

④ 最後【さいご】 • ① last, end, conclusion ② (after -tara form or -ta form followed by "ga") no sooner than, right after (often having negative consequences)

④ 済む【すむ】 • ① to finish, to end, to be completed ② to merely result in something less severe than expected ③ to feel at ease ④ (neg) to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone, to be sorry

④ 残念【ざんねん】 • deplorable, bad luck, regret, disappointment

④ 市民【しみん】 • citizen, townspeople

④ 失礼【しつれい】 • ① discourtesy, impoliteness ② Excuse me, Goodbye ③ to leave ④ to be rude

④ 招待【しょうたい】 • invitation

④ 畳【たたみ】 • tatami mat (Japanese straw floor coverings)

④ 専門【せんもん】 • speciality, specialty, subject of study, expert

④ 戦争【せんそう】 • war

④ 怒る【おこる】 • ① to get angry, to get mad ② to tell someone off, to scold ③ to be angular, to be square

④ 盗む【ぬすむ】 • to steal

④ 比べる【くらべる】 • ① to compare, to make a comparison ② to compete, to vie

④ 付く【つく】 • ① to be attached, to be connected with, to adhere, to stick, to cling ② to remain imprinted, to scar, to stain, to dye ③ to bear (fruit, interest, etc.) ④ to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.), to increase (of strength, etc.) ⑤ to take root ⑥ to accompany, to attend, to follow, to study with ⑦ to side with, to belong to ⑧ to possess, to haunt ⑨ to be lit, to be lighted ⑩ to be settled, to be resolved, to be decided ⑪ to be given (of a name, price, etc.) ⑫ to be sensed, to be perceived ⑬ to be lucky ⑭ (after -masu stems, onomatopoeic and mimetic words) to become (a state, condition, etc.)

④ 普通【ふつう】 • ① general, ordinary, usual ② normally, generally, usually ③ train that stops at every station

④ 眠る【ねむる】 • ① to sleep (not necessarily lying down) ② to die

④ 連絡【れんらく】 • ① to contact, to get in touch ② contacting, getting in touch, communication, call, message ③ connection, coordination, junction ④ intercalary, intercalaris, internuncial

④ 腕【うで】 • ① arm ② skill

④ 頂く【いただく】 • ① to receive, to get, to accept, to take, to buy ② to eat, to drink ③ to be crowned with, to wear (on one's head), to have (on top) ④ to have (as one's leader), to live under (a ruler), to install (a president)

④ 嘘【うそ】 • lie, falsehood, incorrect fact

④ 驚く【おどろく】 • to be surprised, to be astonished

④ 先輩【せんぱい】 • senior (at work or school), superior, elder, older graduate, progenitor, old-timer

④ 注射【ちゅうしゃ】 • injection

④ やっぱり • also, as I thought, still, in spite of, absolutely, of course

④ いじめる • to tease, to torment, to persecute, to chastise

④ ごみ • rubbish, trash, garbage, refuse

④ または • or, otherwise

④ しっかり • firmly, tightly, reliable, level-headed, steady

④ 髭【ひげ】 • ① moustache, beard, whiskers ② extremely short pulse appearing on an electrical signal

③ うっかり • carelessly, thoughtlessly, inadvertently

③ お前【おまえ】 • ① you (masc) (formerly honorific, now sometimes derog. term referring to an equal or inferior) ② presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)

③ きつい • ① intense, severe, hard ② determined, forceful, formidable ③ strong ④ tight, close

③ ぐっすり • sound asleep, fast asleep

③ さっぱり • ① feeling refreshed, feeling relieved ② neat, trimmed ③ plain, simple ④ completely, entirely ⑤ not in the least (in sentence with negative verb), not at all ⑥ completely ignorant, not doing at all

③ しつこい • insistent, obstinate

③ そっくり • all, altogether, entirely, just like, the spitting image of

③ どんどん • ① drumming (noise) ② rapidly, steadily

③ どんなに • how, how much

③ のんびり • carefree, at leisure

③ やって来る【やってくる】 • to come along, to come around, to turn up

③ 何とか【なんとか】 • ① something, something or other, so-and-so ② somehow, anyhow, one way or another

③ 学ぶ【まなぶ】 • to study (in depth), to learn, to take lessons in

③ 金【きん】 • ① gold, golden (color), metaphor for (most) valuable, gold (medal, cup) ② money (written before an amount) ③ Friday ④ metal (fourth of the five elements) ⑤ Jin (dynasty of China; 1115-1234 CE) ⑥ gold general (shogi) ⑦ karat, carat

③ 今後【こんご】 • from now on, hereafter

③ 左右【さゆう】 • ① left and right ② influence, control, domination

③ 週【しゅう】 • week

③ 上【じょう】 • ① from the standpoint of, as a matter of (e.g. fact), in the field of, being of the type of ② aboard (a ship or vehicle), on top of, on, above ③ first volume (e.g. book) ④ superior quality, best, top, high class ⑤ going up ⑥ governmental, imperial ⑦ presenting, showing

③ 人間【にんげん】 • ① human being, man, person ② character (of a person)

③ 人生【じんせい】 • (human) life (i.e. conception to death)

③ 大した【たいした】 • considerable, great, important, significant, a big deal

③ 分ける【わける】 • to divide, to separate, to make distinctions, to differentiate (between)

③ 友人【ゆうじん】 • friend

③ 話しかける【はなしかける】 • to accost a person, to talk (to someone)

③ 一生【いっしょう】 • ① whole life, a lifetime, all through life, one existence, a generation, an age, the whole world, the era ② (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life

③ 分かれる【わかれる】 • ① to branch, to fork, to diverge ② to separate, to split, to divide ③ to disperse, to scatter

③ 中【ちゅう】 • ① medium, average, middle ② moderation ③ middle school ④ China ⑤ in, out of (e.g. three out of ten people) ⑥ during (a certain time when one did or is doing something), under (construction, etc.), while

③ 社【しゃ】 • ① company, association, society ② regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour) ③ counter for companies, shrines, etc.

③ 間【かん】 • ① interval, period of time ② among, between, inter-

③ 大【だい】 • ① the large part of ② big, large, great ③ approximate size, no larger than ④ -university ⑤ large (e.g. serving size), loud (e.g. volume setting)

③ 生【せい】 • ① life, living ② I, me, myself

③ 一方【いっぽう】 • ① one (esp. of two), the other, one way, the other way, one direction, the other direction, one side, the other side, one party, the other party ② on the one hand, on the other hand ③ whereas, although, but at the same time, meanwhile, in turn ④ (after noun, adjective-stem or plain verb) just keeps, being inclined to ..., tending to be ..., tending to do ..., continuously ..., just keeps on ...ing, only

③ 家事【かじ】 • ① housework, domestic chores ② family affairs, household matters

③ 学者【がくしゃ】 • scholar

③ 学習【がくしゅう】 • study, learning, tutorial

③ 後者【こうしゃ】 • the latter

③ 行動【こうどう】 • action, conduct, behaviour, behavior, mobilization, mobilisation

③ 作家【さっか】 • author, writer, novelist, artist

③ 作業【さぎょう】 • work, operation, manufacturing, fatigue duty

③ 使用【しよう】 • use, application, employment, utilization, utilisation

③ 室【しつ】 • ① room ② Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

③ 出来事【できごと】 • incident, affair, happening, event

③ 親しい【したしい】 • intimate, close (e.g. friend)

③ 世の中【よのなか】 • society, the world, the times

③ 切れる【きれる】 • ① to cut well, to be sharp ② to break (off), to snap, to wear out ③ to be injured ④ to burst, to collapse ⑤ to be disconnected, to be out of, to expire, to sever (connections) with ⑥ to be shrewd, to have a sharp mind ⑦ to drop under (a certain figure), to beat (e.g. a time) ⑧ to flip, to lose one's temper ⑨ to be able to do completely

③ 前者【ぜんしゃ】 • the former

③ 地【ち】 • ① earth, ground, land, soil ② place ③ territory ④ bottom (of a package, book, etc.) ⑤ earth (one of the five elements)

③ 動かす【うごかす】 • ① to move, to shift, to operate, to set in motion, to mobilize, to mobilise ② to inspire, to rouse, to move (e.g. feeling), to influence ③ to deny, to change

③ 発車【はっしゃ】 • departure of a vehicle

③ 不安【ふあん】 • anxiety, uneasiness, insecurity, suspense

③ 父親【ちちおや】 • father

③ 文【ぶん】 • sentence, text

③ 歩道【ほどう】 • footpath, walkway, sidewalk

③ 味わう【あじわう】 • to taste, to savor, to relish

③ 料金【りょうきん】 • fee, charge, fare

③ 少女【しょうじょ】 • young lady, little girl, virgin, maiden, daughter

③ 転ぶ【ころぶ】 • to fall down, to fall over

③ 空く【すく】 • ① to become less crowded, to thin out, to get empty ② to be hungry

③ 少なくとも【すくなくとも】 • at least

③ 建つ【たつ】 • to be erected, to be built

③ 者【しゃ】 • someone of that nature, someone doing that work

③ 横断【おうだん】 • ① crossing ② transverse

③ 屋根【やね】 • roof

③ 加える【くわえる】 • to append, to sum up, to add (up), to include, to increase, to inflict

③ 感じる【かんじる】 • to feel, to sense, to experience

③ 感心【かんしん】 • admiration, Well done!

③ 感動【かんどう】 • being deeply moved emotionally, excitement, passion, deep emotion, impression

③ 観光【かんこう】 • sightseeing

③ 丸【まる】 • ① circle ② full (e.g. month, day, etc.) ③ perfection, purity ④ suffix for ship names

③ 期間【きかん】 • period, term, interval

③ 期待【きたい】 • expectation, anticipation, hope

③ 気温【きおん】 • atmospheric temperature

③ 記事【きじ】 • article, news story, report, account

③ 記者【きしゃ】 • reporter

③ 逆【ぎゃく】 • ① reverse, opposite ② converse (of a hypothesis, etc.)

③ 教科書【きょうかしょ】 • textbook, text book

③ 苦しい【くるしい】 • painful, difficult

③ 苦手【にがて】 • poor (at), weak (in), dislike (of)

③ 欠点【けってん】 • faults, defect, weakness

③ 合わせる【あわせる】 • ① to match (rhythm, speed, etc.) ② to join together, to unite, to combine, to add up ③ to face, to be opposite (someone) ④ to compare, to check with ⑤ to cause to meet (e.g. an unpleasant fate) ⑥ to place together, to connect, to overlap ⑦ to mix, to combine ⑧ to put blade to blade, to fight

③ 今回【こんかい】 • now, this time, lately

③ 参加【さんか】 • participation

③ 指す【さす】 • ① to point ② to nominate, to select someone, to specify some person ③ to identify, to indicate, to point out

③ 事情【じじょう】 • circumstances, consideration, conditions, situation, reasons

③ 自身【じしん】 • by oneself, personally

③ 自然【しぜん】 • ① nature, spontaneity ② naturally, spontaneously

③ 式【しき】 • ① equation, formula, expression ② ceremony ③ style

③ 取り消す【とりけす】 • to cancel, to revoke

③ 取れる【とれる】 • ① to come off, to be removed ② (of pain, a fever, etc.) to disappear ③ to be caught, to be harvested ④ to be interpreted (as), to be taken as ⑤ (of balance, etc.) to be attained ⑥ to be obtainable

③ 守る【まもる】 • ① to protect, to guard, to defend ② to keep (i.e. a promise), to abide (by the rules), to observe, to obey, to follow

③ 手術【しゅじゅつ】 • surgical operation

③ 首都【しゅと】 • capital city, metropolis

③ 助ける【たすける】 • to help, to save, to rescue, to give relief to, to spare (life), to reinforce, to promote, to abet

③ 商品【しょうひん】 • commodity, article of commerce, goods, stock, merchandise

③ 身長【しんちょう】 • height (of body), stature

③ 進める【すすめる】 • to advance, to promote, to hasten

③ 正確【せいかく】 • accurate, punctual, exact, authentic, veracious

③ 選手【せんしゅ】 • player (in game), team member

③ 全く【まったく】 • ① really, truly, entirely, completely, wholly, perfectly ② indeed ③ good grief (expression of exasperation)

③ 全員【ぜんいん】 • all members (unanimity), all hands, the whole crew, everyone, everybody

③ 全体【ぜんたい】 • whole, entirety, whatever (is the matter)

③ 対【たい】 • ① opposite, opposition ② versus, vs ③ to (i.e. "we won the game five to three") ④ equal footing, equal terms ⑤ against ..., anti-, toward ..., to ...

③ 代表【だいひょう】 • representative, representation, delegation, type, example, model

③ 単なる【たんなる】 • mere, simple, sheer

③ 断る【ことわる】 • ① to refuse, to reject, to dismiss, to turn down, to decline ② to inform, to give notice, to tell in advance ③ to ask leave, to excuse oneself (from)

③ 地球【ちきゅう】 • the earth, the globe

③ 中央【ちゅうおう】 • centre, central, center, middle

③ 通じる【つうじる】 • to run to, to lead to, to communicate, to understand, to be well-informed

③ 的【てき】 • -like, typical

③ 登山【とざん】 • mountain climbing

③ 都会【とかい】 • city

③ 都市【とし】 • town, city, municipal, urban

③ 当たる【あたる】 • ① to be hit, to strike ② to touch, to be in contact, to be affixed ③ to be equivalent to, to be applicable, to apply to ④ to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.) ⑤ to be selected (in a lottery, etc.), to win ⑥ to be successful, to go well, to be a hit ⑦ to face, to confront ⑧ to lie (in the direction of) ⑨ to undertake, to be assigned ⑩ to be stricken (by food poisoning, heat, etc.), to be afflicted ⑪ to be called upon (by the teacher) ⑫ to treat (esp. harshly), to lash out at ⑬ to be unnecessary ⑭ (in baseball) to be hitting well, to be on a hitting streak ⑮ (in fishing) to feel a bite ⑯ (of fruit, etc.) to be bruised, to spoil ⑰ to feel (something) out, to probe into, to check (i.e. by comparison) ⑱ to shave

③ 当てる【あてる】 • ① to hit ② to expose ③ to apply (e.g. patch) ④ to allot, to call on someone (e.g. in class) ⑤ to guess (an answer) ⑥ to make a hit (e.g. in a lottery)

③ 道路【どうろ】 • road, highway

③ 能力【のうりょく】 • ability, faculty

③ 発表【はっぴょう】 • announcement, publication

③ 犯人【はんにん】 • offender, criminal

③ 費用【ひよう】 • cost, expense

③ 表【ひょう】 • table (e.g. Tab 1), chart, list

③ 部分【ぶぶん】 • portion, section, part

③ 平等【びょうどう】 • equality, impartiality, evenness

③ 平和【へいわ】 • peace, harmony

③ 辺り【あたり】 • ① on the bank of, by the side of (e.g. a river, pond) ② (in the) neighbourhood, neighborhood, vicinity, nearby

③ 本物【ほんもの】 • genuine article

③ 命【いのち】 • (mortal) life

③ 迷う【まよう】 • ① to lose one's way ② to waver, to hesitate, to be of two minds over, to be puzzled, to be perplexed ③ to give into temptation, to lose control of oneself ④ to turn in one's grave

③ 迷子【まいご】 • lost (stray) child

③ 目指す【めざす】 • to aim at, to have an eye on

③ 理想【りそう】 • ideal, dream

③ 流れる【ながれる】 • to stream, to flow (liquid, time, etc.), to run (ink), to be washed away

③ 量【りょう】 • quantity, amount, volume, portion (of food)

③ 話し合う【はなしあう】 • to discuss, to talk together

③ 乗客【じょうきゃく】 • passenger

③ 数【すう】 • ① several, a number of ② number, numeral, figure ③ destiny, fate ④ law

③ 面【めん】 • ① face ② mask, face guard ③ (in kendo) striking the head ④ surface (esp. a geometrical surface) ⑤ page ⑥ aspect, facet, side ⑦ chamfer ⑧ counter for broad, flat objects, levels or stages, e.g. in a video game

③ 例【れい】 • ① custom, practice, habit, usual ② said, aforementioned ③ instance, example, case, illustration, usage ④ precedent ⑤ annual

③ 表す【あらわす】 • ① to reveal, to show, to display ② to express ③ to represent, to signify, to stand for ④ to make widely known

③ 様々【さまざま】 • varied, various

③ 幸せ【しあわせ】 • happiness, good fortune, luck, blessing

③ 次々【つぎつぎ】 • in succession, one by one

③ 引き受ける【ひきうける】 • ① to be responsible for ② to take over, to take up ③ to guarantee, to undertake ④ to contract (a disease)

③ 化【か】 • action of making something, -ification

③ 愛する【あいする】 • to love

③ 意識【いしき】 • ① consciousness ② awareness, sense ③ mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)

③ 印象【いんしょう】 • impression

③ 延期【えんき】 • postponement, adjournment

③ 過去【かこ】 • the past, bygone days, the previous

③ 快適【かいてき】 • pleasant, agreeable, comfortable

③ 覚める【さめる】 • ① to wake, to wake up ② to become sober, to sober up, to regain consciousness (e.g. after anaesthesia) ③ to come to one's senses, to be disillusioned

③ 乾燥【かんそう】 • dry, arid, insipid, dehydrated

③ 完成【かんせい】 • ① complete, completion ② perfection, accomplishment

③ 患者【かんじゃ】 • (a) patient

③ 観察【かんさつ】 • observation, survey

③ 関心【かんしん】 • concern, interest

③ 含む【ふくむ】 • ① to contain, to comprise, to have, to hold, to include, to embrace ② to hold in the mouth ③ to bear in mind, to understand, to harbor (grudge, etc.), to harbour ④ to express (emotion, etc.), to imply

③ 願う【ねがう】 • ① to desire, to wish, to hope ② to beg, to request, to implore, to pray ③ to have something done for oneself

③ 機能【きのう】 • function, facility, faculty, feature

③ 気候【きこう】 • climate

③ 居間【いま】 • living room (western style)

③ 共通【きょうつう】 • ① commonness, community ② -wide

③ 恐ろしい【おそろしい】 • terrible, dreadful

③ 苦労【くろう】 • troubles, hardships

③ 掘る【ほる】 • to dig, to excavate

③ 傾向【けいこう】 • tendency, trend, inclination

③ 景気【けいき】 • condition, state, business (condition)

③ 芸術【げいじゅつ】 • (fine) art, the arts

③ 肩【かた】 • shoulder

③ 減らす【へらす】 • to abate, to decrease, to diminish, to shorten

③ 現在【げんざい】 • now, current, present, present time, as of

③ 現実【げんじつ】 • reality

③ 個人【こじん】 • individual, private person, personal, private

③ 呼吸【こきゅう】 • ① breath, respiration ② knack, trick, secret (of doing something)

③ 枯れる【かれる】 • to wither (plant), to be blasted, to die

③ 誤解【ごかい】 • misunderstanding

③ 広告【こうこく】 • advertisement

③ 更に【さらに】 • furthermore, again, after all, more and more, moreover

③ 講演【こうえん】 • lecture, address, speech

③ 差別【さべつ】 • discrimination, distinction, differentiation

③ 最も【もっとも】 • most, extremely

③ 最高【さいこう】 • highest, supreme, the most

③ 事件【じけん】 • event, affair, incident, case, plot, trouble, scandal

③ 似合う【にあう】 • to suit, to match, to become, to be like

③ 湿気【しっけ】 • moisture, humidity, dampness

③ 実現【じつげん】 • implementation (e.g. of a system), materialization, materialisation, realization, realisation

③ 実際【じっさい】 • ① practicality, practical ② reality, actuality, actual conditions ③ bhutakoti (limit of reality)

③ 住宅【じゅうたく】 • residence, housing, residential building

③ 出席【しゅっせき】 • ① attendance, presence, appearance ② to attend, to be present, to appear

③ 述べる【のべる】 • to state, to express, to mention

③ 順【じゅん】 • order, turn

③ 順番【じゅんばん】 • turn (in line), order of things, sequential order

③ 床【ゆか】 • ① floor ② stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player) ③ dining platform built across a river

③ 城【しろ】 • castle

③ 常識【じょうしき】 • common knowledge, conventional wisdom, general knowledge, common sense

③ 伸びる【のびる】 • ① to stretch, to extend, to lengthen, to spread ② to make progress, to grow (beard, body height) ③ to grow stale (soba) ④ to be straightened, to be flattened, to be smoothed ⑤ to be exhausted ⑥ to be postponed, to be prolonged

③ 震える【ふるえる】 • to shiver, to shake, to quake, to tremble, to quaver, to quiver

③ 制度【せいど】 • system, institution, organization, organisation

③ 性【せい】 • ① nature (of a person) ② sex ③ gender ④ -ty (suffix indicating quality or condition), -ity, -ness

③ 性格【せいかく】 • character, personality

③ 積もる【つもる】 • ① to pile up, to accumulate ② to estimate

③ 対象【たいしょう】 • target, object (of worship, study, etc.), subject (of taxation, etc.)

③ 担当【たんとう】 • (in) charge (of an area of responsibility, but not necessarily supervision of staff)

③ 地域【ちいき】 • area, region

③ 仲間【なかま】 • company, fellow, colleague, associate, comrade, mate, group, circle of friends, partner

③ 調査【ちょうさ】 • investigation, examination, inquiry, enquiry, survey

③ 努力【どりょく】 • great effort, exertion, endeavour, endeavor, effort

③ 内容【ないよう】 • subject, contents, matter, substance, detail, import

③ 南極【なんきょく】 • ① South Pole ② the Antarctic, Antarctica

③ 認める【みとめる】 • ① to recognize, to recognise, to appreciate ② to observe, to notice ③ to admit, to approve

③ 否定【ひてい】 • ① negation, denial, repudiation ② NOT operation

③ 非常【ひじょう】 • emergency, extraordinary, unusual

③ 必ずしも【かならずしも】 • (not) always, (not) necessarily, (not) all, (not) entirely

③ 表現【ひょうげん】 • ① expression, presentation ② representation, notation

③ 不思議【ふしぎ】 • wonder, miracle, strange, mystery, marvel, curiosity

③ 付ける【つける】 • ① to attach, to join, to add, to append, to affix, to stick, to glue, to fasten, to sew on, to apply (ointment) ② to furnish (a house with) ③ to wear, to put on ④ to keep a diary, to make an entry ⑤ to appraise, to set (a price) ⑥ to bring alongside ⑦ to place (under guard or doctor) ⑧ to follow, to shadow ⑨ to load, to give (courage to) ⑩ to keep (an eye on) ⑪ to establish (relations or understanding) ⑫ to turn on (light)

③ 普段【ふだん】 • usual, habitual, ordinary, everyday, always

③ 腹【はら】 • ① abdomen, belly, stomach ② one's mind, one's real intentions, one's true motive ③ loop (physics) ④ counter for hard roe

③ 閉じる【とじる】 • to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.), to shut

③ 変更【へんこう】 • change, modification, alteration, revision, amendment

③ 暮らし【くらし】 • living, livelihood, subsistence, circumstances

③ 暮らす【くらす】 • ① to live, to get along ② to spend (time)

③ 報告【ほうこく】 • report, information

③ 豊か【ゆたか】 • abundant, wealthy, plentiful, rich, affluent

③ 未来【みらい】 • ① the future (usually distant) ② future tense ③ the world to come

③ 与える【あたえる】 • ① to give (esp. to someone of lower status), to bestow, to grant, to confer, to present, to award ② to provide, to afford, to offer, to supply ③ to assign ④ to cause ⑤ to pass (a variable to a function)

③ 零す【こぼす】 • ① to spill ② to grumble

③ 恋【こい】 • love, tender passion

③ 台詞【せりふ】 • speech, words, one's lines, remarks

③ 夫婦【ふうふ】 • married couple, spouses, husband and wife, couple, pair

③ 平均【へいきん】 • ① average, mean ② balance, equilibrium

③ 位置【いち】 • place, situation, position, location

③ 寄付【きふ】 • contribution, donation

③ 郵便【ゆうびん】 • mail, postal service

③ 追いかける【おいかける】 • to chase, to run after, to pursue

③ 悪戯【いたずら】 • tease, prank, trick, practical joke, mischief

③ 宇宙【うちゅう】 • universe, cosmos, space

③ 影響【えいきょう】 • influence, effect

③ 栄養【えいよう】 • nutrition, nourishment

③ 遠慮【えんりょ】 • diffidence, restraint, reserve, discretion, tact, thoughtfulness

③ 温暖【おんだん】 • warmth

③ 価値【かち】 • value, worth, merit

③ 歓迎【かんげい】 • welcome, reception

③ 環境【かんきょう】 • environment, circumstance

③ 企業【きぎょう】 • enterprise, undertaking, corporation, business

③ 記憶【きおく】 • ① memory, recollection, remembrance ② storage

③ 輝く【かがやく】 • to shine, to glitter, to sparkle

③ 鬼【おに】 • ① ogre, demon ② spirit of a deceased person ③ ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.) ④ it (i.e. in a game of tag) ⑤ Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

③ 教授【きょうじゅ】 • ① professor ② teaching, instruction

③ 結果【けっか】 • ① result, consequence, outcome, effect ② coming to fruition, bearing fruit

③ 結局【けっきょく】 • after all, eventually, in the end

③ 検査【けんさ】 • inspection (e.g. customs, factory), examination, scan (e.g. MRI, PET, etc.)

③ 慌てる【あわてる】 • ① to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised), to be flustered, to panic ② to be in a hurry, to rush

③ 資源【しげん】 • resources

③ 自慢【じまん】 • pride, boast

③ 芝居【しばい】 • play, drama

③ 種【しゅ】 • ① kind, variety ② (biological) species ③ (logical) species

③ 就職【しゅうしょく】 • finding employment, inauguration

③ 修理【しゅうり】 • repairing, mending, servicing

③ 渋滞【じゅうたい】 • congestion (e.g. traffic), delay, stagnation

③ 瞬間【しゅんかん】 • moment, second, instant

③ 挙げる【あげる】 • ① to raise, to elevate ② to show someone (into a room) ③ to send someone (away) ④ to increase (price, quality, status, etc.) ⑤ to praise ⑥ to give (an example, etc.), to cite ⑦ to summon up (all of one's energy, etc.) ⑧ to arrest ⑨ to nominate ⑩ to conduct (a ceremony, esp. a wedding)

③ 上司【じょうし】 • superior authorities, boss

③ 冗談【じょうだん】 • jest, joke

③ 条件【じょうけん】 • condition, conditions, term, terms, requirement, requirements

③ 譲る【ゆずる】 • to turn over, to assign, to hand over, to transmit, to convey, to sell, to dispose of, to yield, to surrender

③ 振る【ふる】 • ① to wave, to shake, to swing ② to sprinkle, to throw (dice) ③ to cast (actor), to allocate (work) ④ to turn down (somebody), to reject, to jilt, to dump ⑤ to abandon, to give up, to ruin ⑥ to add kana indicating a reading of a word ⑦ to slightly change headings, to change directions ⑧ to extract by broiling, to prepare an infusion of, to decoct ⑨ to carry with great vigor (e.g. a portable shrine) ⑩ to bring up the main topic ⑪ to replace, to substitute ⑫ to set up a joke for somebody else

③ 推薦【すいせん】 • recommendation

③ 酔う【よう】 • to get drunk, to become intoxicated

③ 世紀【せいき】 • century, era

③ 清潔【せいけつ】 • ① clean, hygenic, sanitary ② pure, virtuous, immaculate

③ 製造【せいぞう】 • manufacture, production

③ 製品【せいひん】 • manufactured goods, finished goods, product

③ 第【だい】 • ordinal

③ 奪う【うばう】 • to snatch away, to dispossess, to steal

③ 誕生【たんじょう】 • birth, creation, formation

③ 抵抗【ていこう】 • electrical resistance, resistance, opposition

③ 提案【ていあん】 • proposal, proposition, suggestion

③ 伝統【でんとう】 • tradition, convention

③ 投票【とうひょう】 • voting, poll

③ 同僚【どうりょう】 • coworker, colleague, associate

③ 特徴【とくちょう】 • feature, trait, characteristic, pecularity

③ 俳優【はいゆう】 • actor, actress, player, performer

③ 発展【はってん】 • ① development, growth, advancement, unfurling ② expansion, extension, enlargement ③ playing around, having an active sex life

③ 敷く【しく】 • ① to spread out, to lay out ② to take a position ③ to impose widely (e.g. over a city)

③ 文句【もんく】 • ① phrase ② complaint

③ 魅力【みりょく】 • charm, fascination, glamour, glamor, attraction, appeal

③ 迷惑【めいわく】 • trouble, bother, annoyance

③ 免許【めんきょ】 • license, permit, licence, certificate

③ 黙る【だまる】 • to be silent

③ 誘う【さそう】 • ① to invite, to ask, to call (for) ② to tempt, to lure, to induce

③ 俺【おれ】 • (masc) I, me (rough or arrogant-sounding first-person pronoun, formerly also used by women)

③ 避ける【さける】 • ① to avoid (physical contact with) ② to avoid (situation) ③ to ward off, to avert

③ 雷【かみなり】 • thunder

③ ますます • increasingly, more and more

③ 演奏【えんそう】 • musical performance

③ 噂【うわさ】 • rumour, rumor, report, hearsay, gossip, common talk

③ つながる • to be tied together, to be connected to, to be related to

③ つなぐ • to tie, to fasten, to connect, to transfer (phone call)

③ 親戚【しんせき】 • relative

③ わざと • on purpose

③ おとなしい • obedient, docile, quiet

③ しゃべる • to talk, to chat, to chatter

③ 掴む【つかむ】 • to seize, to catch, to grasp, to grip, to grab, to hold, to catch hold of, to lay one's hands on

③ 釘【くぎ】 • nail (i.e. small metal spike)

③ 鍋【なべ】 • saucepan, pot

③ どうしても • by all means, at any cost, no matter what, after all, in the long run, cravingly, at any rate, surely

③ 儲ける【もうける】 • to get, to earn, to gain, to have (bear, beget) a child

③ せっかく • with trouble, at great pains, long-awaited

③ かかる • to suffer from

② 小学生【しょうがくせい】 • elementary school student, primary school student, grade school student

② 上下【じょうげ】 • high and low, up and down, unloading and loading, praising and blaming

② 前【ぜん】 • ① the last (i.e. immediately preceding) (e.g. "the last mayor"), previous, one-time, former ② (before the name of an era) pre- (e.g. "premodern") ③ before, earlier

② 前後【ぜんご】 • around, throughout, front and back, before and behind, before and after, about that (time), longitudinal, context, nearly, approximately

② 東西【とうざい】 • ① East and West ② whole country ③ Orient and Occident, Western and Eastern ④ Your attention, please!

② 南北【なんぼく】 • south and north

② 日時【にちじ】 • date and time

② 人々【ひとびと】 • each person, people, men, human, everybody

② 工事【こうじ】 • construction work, construction, work (related to construction, e.g. painting, concrete-pouring, etc.)

② 重ねる【かさねる】 • to pile up, to put something on another, to heap up, to add, to repeat

② 書道【しょどう】 • calligraphy (esp. Chinese)

② 心理【しんり】 • mentality

② 送別【そうべつ】 • farewell, send-off

② 地味【じみ】 • plain, simple, subdued, sober

② 売り切れ【うりきれ】 • sold-out

② 方言【ほうげん】 • dialect

② 料【りょう】 • material, charge, rate, fee

② 会館【かいかん】 • meeting hall, assembly hall

② 住まい【すまい】 • dwelling, house, residence, address

② 元々【もともと】 • originally, by nature, from the start

② 感想【かんそう】 • impressions, thoughts

② 客間【きゃくま】 • parlor, parlour, guest room

② 苦情【くじょう】 • complaint, troubles, objection, grievance

② 交流【こうりゅう】 • ① intercourse, (cultural) exchange, intermingling ② alternating current, AC

② 国語【こくご】 • ① Japanese (language) ② national language ③ native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)

② 四角い【しかくい】 • square, rectangular

② 取り入れる【とりいれる】 • ① to harvest, to reap ② to take in, to gather in ③ to adopt

② 線路【せんろ】 • line, track, roadbed

② 早速【さっそく】 • at once, immediately, without delay, promptly

② 待ち合わせる【まちあわせる】 • to rendezvous, to meet at a prearranged place and time, to arrange to meet

② 大通り【おおどおり】 • main street

② 断水【だんすい】 • water outage

② 通勤【つうきん】 • commuting to work

② 点数【てんすう】 • marks, points, score, runs, number of items, credits

② 日常【にちじょう】 • ordinary, regular, everyday, usual

② 筆者【ひっしゃ】 • writer (often in self-reference), author

② 平日【へいじつ】 • ① weekday, ordinary days (i.e. non-holiday) ② kanji radical 73

② 無地【むじ】 • plain, unfigured

② 予防【よぼう】 • prevention, precaution, protection against

② 留守番【るすばん】 • ① care-taking, house-sitting, house-watching ② caretaker, house-sitter

② 録音【ろくおん】 • (audio) recording

② 落ち着く【おちつく】 • to calm down, to settle down, to be steady, to settle in, to take up one's residence, to harmonize with, to harmonise with, to match, to restore presence of mind

② 残らず【のこらず】 • all, entirely, completely, without exception

② 解説【かいせつ】 • explanation, commentary, exposition, elucidation

② 改めて【あらためて】 • another time, again, over again, anew, formally

② 改札【かいさつ】 • ① examination of tickets ② ticket gate, ticket barrier

② 詰まる【つまる】 • ① to be blocked, to be packed ② to hit the ball near the handle of the bat (baseball)

② 偶数【ぐうすう】 • even number

② 経度【けいど】 • longitude

② 軒【のき】 • ① eaves ② narrow aisle surrounding the core of a temple building

② 座布団【ざぶとん】 • zabuton (flat floor cushion used when sitting or kneeling; usu. rectangular)

② 治める【おさめる】 • ① to govern, to manage ② to subdue

② 自治【じち】 • self-government, autonomy

② 自宅【じたく】 • one's home

② 畳む【たたむ】 • ① to fold (clothes) ② to close (a shop) ③ to vacate

② 寝坊【ねぼう】 • sleeping in late

② 性能【せいのう】 • ability, performance, efficiency

② 接続【せつぞく】 • ① connection, attachment, union, join, joint, link ② changing trains ③ conjunction

② 宅【たく】 • house, home, husband

② 昼寝【ひるね】 • nap (afternoon), siesta

② 突き当たる【つきあたる】 • to run into, to collide with

② 背負う【せおう】 • to be burdened with, to carry on back or shoulder

② 美容【びよう】 • beauty of figure or form

② 亡くす【なくす】 • ① to lose something ② to get rid of ③ to lose someone (wife, child, etc.)

② 目覚まし【めざまし】 • ① alarm clock ② opening one's eyes, keeping one's eyes open ③ type of candy given to a child after it wakes up from a nap

② 紅葉【こうよう】 • ① autumn colours, fall colors, leaves changing color (colour) ② leaves turning red, red leaves ③ leaves turning yellow, yellow leaves ④ (Japanese) maple (Acer japonicum)

② 年寄り【としより】 • ① old people, the aged ② sumo coaches

② 治す【なおす】 • ① to cure, to heal ② to fix, to correct, to repair ③ to do over again (after -masu base of verb) ④ to replace, to put back as it was ⑤ to convert (into a different state), to transform

② 増やす【ふやす】 • to increase, to add to, to augment

② 編集【へんしゅう】 • editing, compilation, editorial (e.g. committee)

② 干す【ほす】 • ① to air, to dry, to desiccate ② to drain (off) ③ to drink up ④ to deprive of a role, job, etc. (usu. in the passive)

② 道順【みちじゅん】 • itinerary, route

② 家【か】 • -ist (used after a noun indicating someone's occupation, pursuits, disposition, etc.), -er

② お辞儀【おじぎ】 • bow, bowing

② 威張る【いばる】 • to be proud, to swagger

② 緯度【いど】 • latitude (nav.)

② あくび • yawn, yawning (and stretching)

② 研修【けんしゅう】 • training (esp. in-service), induction course

② 娯楽【ごらく】 • pleasure, amusement

② 司会【しかい】 • chairmanship, leading a meeting

② 将棋【しょうぎ】 • shogi, Japanese chess, xianqi

② 焦げる【こげる】 • to burn, to be burned

② 載る【のる】 • ① to get on, to ride in, to board, to mount, to get up on ② to spread (paints), to be taken in ③ to share in, to join, to feel like doing, to be mentioned in, to be in harmony with ④ to appear (in print), to be recorded, to be found in (a dictionary)

② 倉庫【そうこ】 • storehouse, warehouse, godown

② 太鼓【たいこ】 • drum

② 体操【たいそう】 • gymnastics, physical exercises, calisthenics

② 派手【はで】 • showy, loud, gay, flashy, gaudy

② 普及【ふきゅう】 • diffusion, spread

② 平凡【へいぼん】 • common, commonplace, ordinary, mediocre

② 柄【がら】 • pattern, design

② 幼稚園【ようちえん】 • kindergarten

② 騒々しい【そうぞうしい】 • noisy, boisterous

② 沿い【ぞい】 • along

② そば • ① buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) ② soba (Japanese buckwheat noodles)

② 稽古【けいこ】 • practice, practise, training, study

② 姪【めい】 • niece

② 飢饉【ききん】 • famine, drought, shortage, crop failure

② きっかけ • chance, start, cue, excuse, motive, impetus, occasion

② 芯【しん】 • ① wick, marrow, staple (for stapler), (pencil) lead, stuffing, pith ② core, heart, centre, center

① てっきり • surely, certainly, beyond doubt

① 向き【むき】 • direction, orientation, aspect, situation, exposure, suitability, tendency

① 兆【ちょう】 • ① sign, omen, indication, portent ② 10^12, 1,000,000,000,000, trillion (American), (obs) billion (British)

① 異論【いろん】 • different opinion, objection

① 遺跡【いせき】 • historic ruins (remains, relics)

① 印鑑【いんかん】 • stamp, seal

① 引き起こす【ひきおこす】 • to cause, to induce

① 沿う【そう】 • ① to run along, to run beside ② to follow (a plan, etc.), to act in accordance with

① 黄金【おうごん】 • gold

① 会見【かいけん】 • interview, audience

① 外来【がいらい】 • ① external origin, imported ② outpatient

① 協会【きょうかい】 • association, society, organization, organisation

① 愚痴【ぐち】 • ① idle complaint, grumble ② moha (ignorance, folly)

① 権力【けんりょく】 • (political) power, authority, influence

① 原爆【げんばく】 • atomic bomb, A-bomb

① 誇る【ほこる】 • to boast of, to be proud of

① 交渉【こうしょう】 • ① negotiations, discussions ② connection

① 降水【こうすい】 • rainfall, precipitation

① 取り付ける【とりつける】 • to furnish, to install, to get someone's agreement

① 申し出る【もうしでる】 • to report to, to tell, to suggest, to submit, to request, to make an offer, to come forward with information

① 染める【そめる】 • to dye, to colour, to color

① 組み合わせる【くみあわせる】 • to join together, to combine, to join up

① 創造【そうぞう】 • creation

① 多様【たよう】 • diverse, varied

① 退職【たいしょく】 • retirement (from office)

① 着陸【ちゃくりく】 • landing, alighting, touch down

① 抽選【ちゅうせん】 • lottery, raffle, drawing (of lots)

① 伝説【でんせつ】 • tradition, legend, folklore

① 電源【でんげん】 • ① source of electricity, electrical power ② power (button on TV, etc.)

① 途上【とじょう】 • ① en route, half-way ② on the road, in the street

① 倒産【とうさん】 • (corporate) bankruptcy, insolvency, commercial failure, failed business

① 特許【とっきょ】 • ① patent, special permission, licence (license), concession, franchise, charter ② proprietary

① 配慮【はいりょ】 • consideration, concern, forethought

① 発掘【はっくつ】 • ① excavation, exhumation ② discovery (e.g. new talent)

① 悲観【ひかん】 • pessimism, disappointment

① 秘書【ひしょ】 • (private) secretary

① 美【び】 • beauty

① 不在【ふざい】 • absence

① 付け加える【つけくわえる】 • to add one thing to another

① 浮力【ふりょく】 • buoyancy, floating power

① 紛らわしい【まぎらわしい】 • confusing, misleading, equivocal, ambiguous

① 柄【え】 • ① handle, grip ② stalk (of a mushroom, leaf, etc.)

① 保管【ほかん】 • charge, custody, safekeeping, deposit, storage

① 矢【や】 • arrow

① 要望【ようぼう】 • demand for, request

① 掌【てのひら】 • the palm (of one's hand)

① 伝言【でんごん】 • verbal message, rumor, rumour, word

① 本文【ほんぶん】 • text (of document), body (of letter)

① 心【しん】 • ① heart, mind ② spirit, vitality, inner strength ③ Chinese "Heart" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)

① 探検【たんけん】 • exploration, expedition

① 取引【とりひき】 • transactions, dealings, business

① 書【しょ】 • ① document, book ② penmanship, handwriting, calligraphy (esp. Chinese)

① 嘘つき【うそつき】 • liar (sometimes said with not much seriousness), fibber

① 奇数【きすう】 • odd number

① 今更【いまさら】 • now (after such a long time), at this late hour (i.e. it is too late for something)

① 役立つ【やくだつ】 • to be useful, to be helpful, to serve the purpose

① 藁【わら】 • straw

おい • ① hey!, oi! ② me

ごっこ • something done together, game of make-believe

アイデンティティ • identity

アドバイス • advice

アドレス • ① address ② email address

アナウンス • ① announcement ② to announce

アニメ • ① animated film, animated cartoon, anime (when referring to Japanese cartoons) ② animation

アンケート • questionnaire, survey

イメージ • ① (one's) image ② (computer) image ③ artist's impression

インタビュー • interview (i.e. television, newspaper, etc.)

イントネーション • intonation

エピソード • episode

エラー • error

エンジン • engine

オレンジ • orange

カウンター • ① counter ② service counter (e.g. at a bank) ③ counter (at a bar, cafe, etc.) ④ automatically responding with an upload slot to someone who allows you to download (e.g. in P2P systems)

カロリー • calorie

キャベツ • cabbage

ゲーム • game

コマーシャル • commercial (e.g. TV)

コメント • ① comment ② (blog) comment

コンビニ • convenience store

コンピューター • computer

サービス • ① service, support system ② goods or services without charge

サイン • ① autograph, signature ② sign ③ sine

シャッター • ① camera shutter ② shutter (door, window, etc.)

シューズ • shoes

ショック • shock

シンプル • simple

ジーンズ • jeans

ジャンプ • jump

スープ • (Western) soup

スプレー • spray

セール • sale

セミナー • seminar

ソフトウェア • software

タイトル • title

タイム • ① time ② thyme

ダイナマイト • dynamite

ダメージ • damage

チェック • check, plaid

チャイム • chime

ツアー • tour

テーマ • topic, theme, project

トレーニング • training

バザー • bazaar, bazar

バスケットボール • basketball

バランス • balance

バレーボール • volleyball

パーセント • percent, percentage

パジャマ • pajamas, pyjamas

ヒント • hint

ビジネス • business

ビジネスマン • businessman

ビタミン • vitamin

ピンク • pink

プラスチック • plastic

プリンター • printer

ホーム • ① platform ② home

ポイント • ① point ② points (of a railway), switch

マーケット • market

マイナス • minus

マシン • machine

マスク • mask

マナー • manners

マニュアル • manual

ミス • ① mistake, error, failure ② Miss ③ myth

メール • ① email ② mail (usu. in phrases and compound words) ③ male

メッセージ • message

メニュー • menu

ライオン • lion

ライス • rice (esp. when served on a plate)

リスト • ① list ② wrist

リモコン • remote control

レベル • ① level ② rebel ③ revel

ロボット • robot

休日【きゅうじつ】 • holiday, day off

金メダル【きんめだる】 • gold medal

後半【こうはん】 • second half, latter half

省エネ • energy conservation, economical use of energy

食パン • plain bread, white bread

川【かわ】 • ① river, stream ② the .... river, (suffix used with the names of rivers)

入国【にゅうこく】 • entry to a country

来社【らいしゃ】 • visit to a company

前半【ぜんはん】 • first half

見かける【みかける】 • to (happen to) see, to notice, to catch sight of

ホームページ • web site, home page

アポ • appointment

プレゼン • presentation

ぽつり • ① isolated, standing alone ② falling in drops (e.g. rain) ③ sighing (when saying something)

メールアドレス • email address

カ国 • counter for countries

こう言う【こういう】 • such, like this

グラフ • graph

バーゲン • bargain

バイク • bike, motorcycle

プラス • plus

プラン • plan

メダル • medal

一族【いちぞく】 • ① family, relatives, dependents ② household

会長【かいちょう】 • president (of a society), chairman

帰国【きこく】 • return to one's country

急用【きゅうよう】 • urgent business

近づく【ちかづく】 • to approach, to get near, to get acquainted with, to get closer

校歌【こうか】 • school song

住み着く【すみつく】 • to settle (in a place), to settle down

人気者【にんきもの】 • popular person, favorite, favourite

水色【みずいろ】 • light blue

そう言う【そういう】 • such, like that, that sort of, very

貸し出す【かしだす】 • to lend, to loan, to let out on hire

通り【どおり】 • ① in accordance with ..., following ... ② .. Street, .. Avenue

店長【てんちょう】 • shop manager

不注意【ふちゅうい】 • carelessness, inattention, thoughtlessness

有名人【ゆうめいじん】 • celebrity

悪口【わるぐち】 • abuse, insult, slander, evil speaking

手がかり【てがかり】 • ① clue, key, trail, scent, track, contact ② handhold, on hand

大金持ち【おおがねもち】 • very rich person

お化け【おばけ】 • goblin, apparition, monster, ghost

医学部【いがくぶ】 • medical faculty

一期一会【いちごいちえ】 • once-in-a-lifetime encounter (hence should be cherished as such)

一戸建て【いっこだて】 • (separate) house

一等【いっとう】 • first-class, first-rank, A1, the most, the best

火薬【かやく】 • gunpowder, powder

画面【がめん】 • terminal screen, scene, picture, the field (in TV), photo

具体【ぐたい】 • concrete, tangible, material

君子【くんし】 • man of virtue, person of high rank, wise man

型【がた】 • ① model, type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.) ② type, style, pattern ③ mold (mould), template, model ④ kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.) ⑤ form (i.e. customary procedure) ⑥ size (i.e. clothing, shoes)

表れる【あらわれる】 • ① to appear, to come in sight, to become visible, to come out, to embody, to materialize, to materialise ② to be expressed (e.g. emotions), to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)

向き合う【むきあう】 • to be opposite, to face each other

車内【しゃない】 • inside a carriage

新【しん】 • ① new, neo- ② Gregorian calendar ③ Xin (dynasty of China)

石【こく】 • ① measure of volume (approx. 180.39 liters, 6.37 cub. ft.) ② measure of a Japanese-style boat's loading capacity (approx. 278.26 liters)

先進【せんしん】 • seniority, advance, leadership

全額【ぜんがく】 • total, full amount, sum

村人【むらびと】 • villager

大雪【おおゆき】 • ① heavy snow ② "major snow" solar term (approx. Dec. 7)

通行人【つうこうにん】 • passerby, pedestrian, foot passenger

読み取る【よみとる】 • ① to read (someone's) mind, to read between the lines ② to read (a calibration, a tape, etc.), to read (out)

半額【はんがく】 • half, half amount, half fare

聞き取る【ききとる】 • to catch (a person's words), to follow, to understand

北半球【きたはんきゅう】 • northern hemisphere

毛虫【けむし】 • ① hairy caterpillar, woolly bear ② pest, nudnik (nudnick)

役員【やくいん】 • officer, official, executive, staff

落語【らくご】 • rakugo story, (telling) a comic story

落書き【らくがき】 • scrawl, scribble, graffiti

流氷【りゅうひょう】 • drift ice, ice floe

例文【れいぶん】 • model sentence

夜中【やちゅう】 • during the night, at night

来客【らいきゃく】 • visitor, caller

落し物【おとしもの】 • lost property

持ち物【もちもの】 • one's property, personal effects

表れ【あらわれ】 • embodiment, manifestation, materialization, materialisation, expression, indication

奥様【おくさま】 • wife, your wife, his wife, married lady, madam

居酒屋【いざかや】 • bar, pub, tavern

互いに【たがいに】 • mutually, with each other, reciprocally, together

誌【し】 • magazine

若者【わかもの】 • young man, youth, lad

笑い話【わらいばなし】 • funny story

乗り遅れる【のりおくれる】 • to miss (train, bus, etc.)

状【じょう】 • ① shape, state ② letter, correspondence

折り畳む【おりたたむ】 • to fold up, to fold into layers

層【そう】 • ① layer, seam, bed, stream, class ② sheaf ③ storey (of a building), story, floor

中略【ちゅうりゃく】 • omission, ellipsis

髪型【かみがた】 • hairdo

宝くじ【たからくじ】 • lottery

未だに【いまだに】 • still, even now, until this very day

無意識【むいしき】 • ① unconsciousness ② the unconscious

灯【とう】 • ① light, lamp ② counter for electric lights

折り紙【おりがみ】 • origami (paper folding)

書き換える【かきかえる】 • to rewrite, to overwrite, to renew, to transfer

書き込み【かきこみ】 • ① writing ② entry (e.g. to a form) ③ posting (e.g. to a blog)

広報【こうほう】 • PR, public relations, publicity, information

正座【せいざ】 • kneeling with the tops of the feet flat on the floor, and sitting on the soles

一周【いっしゅう】 • once around, a revolution, a lap, a turn, a round, one full year

買い換える【かいかえる】 • to buy a replacement, to replace by buying something new

杯【はい】 • ① sake cup, cup for alcoholic beverages ② counter for cupfuls ③ counter for ships, octopuses and squid

遺産【いさん】 • inheritance, bequest, legacy, heritage

仮想【かそう】 • imagination, supposition, virtual, potential (enemy)

警護【けいご】 • bodyguard, escort

検索【けんさく】 • looking up (e.g. a word in a dictionary), retrieval (e.g. data), searching for, referring to

かいこ • silkworm (Bombyx Mori)

蛇【へび】 • ① snake ② serpent, large snake

聖人【せいじん】 • saint, sage, holy man

素足【すあし】 • bare feet

大嫌い【だいきらい】 • very dislikeable, hate, loathe, abhor

中華【ちゅうか】 • Chinese (e.g. food)

踏み切る【ふみきる】 • to make a bold start, to take a plunge, to take off

年貢【ねんぐ】 • annual tribute, land tax

めった • thoughtless, reckless, seldom (neg. verb), careless

古里【ふるさと】 • home town, birthplace, old village, historic village, native place, one's old home

奨学【しょうがく】 • encouragement to study

張り【ばり】 • ① in the style of (esp. literary, artistic, etc. works), reminiscent of ② attached or stretched on

かける • to suspend between two points, to build (a bridge, etc.), to put up on something (e.g. legs up on table)

たまる • to bear (often adds emphasis), to endure

車椅子【くるまいす】 • wheelchair, folding push-chair

初詣で【はつもうで】 • first shrine visit of New Year

ふくろう • owl (esp. the Ural owl, Strix uralensis)

かえる • ① frog ② kajika frog (Buergeria buergeri)

うがい • gargling, rinsing one's mouth

阿呆【あほう】 • fool, simpleton, idiot

ない • ① not (verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation) ② emphatic suffix (used after the root of an adjective)