Study Set: 新世界より [‘From the New World’] Vol. 0 (Most Common V

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新世界より [‘From the New World’] Vol. 0 (Most Common Vocab)

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List of most common vocab words occuring throughout the entire run of ‘新世界より’. Check out separate volumes for list of words related to specific episodes.

Levels:

211

124

137

581 entries — Created by Public Domain — Last modified: 1928-11-03 00:00:00

⑤ お父さん【おとうさん】 • father

⑤ こんな • such (about something/someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or about ideas expressed by the speaker), like this

⑤ さん • ① Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms ② honorific used with occupational titles

⑤ じゃあ • ① then, well, so, well then ② combination of 'de' and 'wa' particles ③ plain copula

⑤ そう • ① so, really, seeming ② (after masu stem and adj-stem) appearing that, seeming that, looking like, having the appearance of

⑤ そんな • such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener), like that, that sort of

⑤ でも • ① but, however, still, yet, although, even though ② even, even if ③ or something

⑤ どんな • what, what kind of

⑤ はい • ① yes ② OK (used to get attention prior to an utterance), okay ③ giddy-up, giddap

⑤ もう • ① already, anymore ② soon, shortly ③ more, further, other, again ④ interjection used to strengthen expression of an emotion (often exasperation)

⑤ もっと • (some) more, even more, longer, further

⑤ ゆっくり • slowly, at ease, restful

⑤ 一【いち】 • ① one ② best in, the most (...) in (where an adjective follows)

⑤ 一つ【ひとつ】 • ① one ② for one thing (often used in itemized lists) ③ (after a noun) only ④ (with a verb in negative form) (not) even ⑤ just (i.e. "just try it")

⑤ 飲む【のむ】 • ① to drink, to gulp, to swallow ② to smoke (tobacco) ③ to engulf, to overwhelm ④ to keep down, to suppress ⑤ to accept (e.g. demand, condition) ⑥ to make light of, to conceal

⑤ 下さい【ください】 • ① please give me ② (after te-form of a verb or a noun prefixed with o- or go-) please do for me

⑤ どうぞ • ① please, kindly ② by all means

⑤ 外【そと】 • ① outside, exterior ② open air ③ other place

⑤ 学校【がっこう】 • school

⑤ 休む【やすむ】 • ① to be absent, to take a day off ② to rest, to have a break ③ to go to bed, to (lie down to) sleep, to turn in, to retire ④ to stop doing some ongoing activity for a time, to suspend business

⑤ 見せる【みせる】 • to show, to display

⑤ 見る【みる】 • ① to see, to look, to watch, to view, to observe ② to look over, to look on, to assess, to examine, to judge ③ to look after, to keep an eye on, to take care of ④ to view (e.g. flowers, movie) ⑤ (usu. after the -te form of a verb) to try

⑤ 後【あと】 • ① behind, rear ② after, later ③ after one's death ④ remainder, the rest ⑤ descendant, successor, heir ⑥ more (i.e. five more minutes)

⑤ 後ろ【うしろ】 • back, behind, rear

⑤ 高い【たかい】 • ① high, tall ② expensive

⑤ 今【いま】 • now, the present time, just now, soon, immediately, (one) more

⑤ 時【とき】 • ① time, hour ② occasion, moment

⑤ 時間【じかん】 • ① time ② hours

⑤ 手【て】 • ① hand, arm ② handle ③ hand, worker, help ④ trouble, care, effort ⑤ means, way, trick, move, technique, workmanship ⑥ hand, handwriting ⑦ kind, type, sort ⑧ one's hands, one's possession ⑨ ability to cope ⑩ hand (of cards) ⑪ direction

⑤ 出す【だす】 • ① to take out, to get out ② to put out, to reveal, to show ③ to submit (e.g. thesis), to turn in ④ to publish, to make public ⑤ to send (e.g. letter) ⑥ to produce (a sound), to start (fire) ⑦ to serve (food) ⑧ to begin

⑤ 出る【でる】 • ① to go out, to exit, to leave ② to appear, to come forth, to be published ③ to answer (the phone or door)

⑤ 出来る【できる】 • ① to be able (in a position) to do, to be up to the task ② to be ready, to be completed ③ to be made, to be built ④ to be good at, to be permitted (to do) ⑤ to become intimate, to take up (with somebody) ⑥ to grow, to be raised

⑤ 書く【かく】 • to write

⑤ 少し【すこし】 • ① small quantity, little, few, something ② little while ③ short distance

⑤ 上【うえ】 • ① above, up, over ② top, summit ③ surface, on ④ before, previous ⑤ superiority, one's superior (i.e. one's elder) ⑥ on top of that, besides, what's more ⑦ upon (further inspection, etc.), based on (and occurring after) ⑧ matters concerning..., as concerns ... ⑨ since (i.e. "for that reason") ⑩ suffix indicating higher social standing

⑤ 上げる【あげる】 • ① to raise, to elevate ② to do up (one's hair) ③ to fly (a kite, etc.), to launch (fireworks, etc.), to surface (a submarine, etc.) ④ to land (a boat) ⑤ to show someone (into a room) ⑥ (uk) to summon (for geishas, etc.) ⑦ to send someone (away) ⑧ to enrol (one's child in school) (enroll) ⑨ to increase (price, quality, status, etc.) ⑩ to make (a loud sound), to raise (one's voice) ⑪ to earn (something desirable) ⑫ to praise ⑬ to give (an example, etc.), to cite ⑭ to summon up (all of one's energy, etc.) ⑮ to arrest ⑯ to nominate ⑰ to give ⑱ to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.) ⑲ to bear (a child) ⑳ to conduct (a ceremony, esp. a wedding) ○ (of the tide) to come in ○ to vomit ○ (after the -te form of a verb) to do for (the sake of someone else) ○ (after the -masu stem of a verb) to complete ○ used after the -masu stem of a humble verb to increase the level of humility

⑤ 食べる【たべる】 • to eat

⑤ 水【みず】 • water (cold, fresh)

⑤ 生まれる【うまれる】 • to be born

⑤ 先【さき】 • ① previous, prior, former, some time ago, preceding ② point (e.g. pencil), tip, end, nozzle ③ head (of a line), front ④ ahead, the other side ⑤ the future, hereafter ⑥ destination ⑦ the other party

⑤ 先生【せんせい】 • ① teacher, master, doctor ② with names of teachers, etc. as an honorific

⑤ 前【まえ】 • ① ago, before (some event), previously, (minutes) to (the hour) ② in front (of), before (e.g. the house) ③ head (of a line), front (e.g. of a bus), fore part ④ in the presence of ⑤ helping, portion ⑥ privates, private parts

⑤ 大人【おとな】 • adult

⑤ 中【なか】 • ① inside, in ② among, within ③ center (centre), middle ④ during, while

⑤ 二つ【ふたつ】 • two

⑤ 入る【はいる】 • ① to enter ② to break into ③ to join, to enroll ④ to contain, to hold, to accommodate ⑤ to have (an income of)

⑤ 入れる【いれる】 • ① to put in, to let in, to take in, to bring in, to insert, to set (a jewel, etc.) ② to admit, to accept, to employ, to hire ③ to accept, to comply, to grant, to adopt (a policy, etc.), to take (advice, etc.), to listen to, to pay attention to ④ to include ⑤ to pay (one's rent, etc.) ⑥ to cast (a vote) ⑦ to make (tea, coffee, etc.) ⑧ to turn on (a switch, etc.) ⑨ to send (a fax), to call

⑤ 本【ほん】 • ① book, volume ② main, head, this, our, present, real ③ counter for long cylindrical things

⑤ 名前【なまえ】 • ① name, full name ② given name, first name

⑤ 木【き】 • tree, wood, timber

⑤ 来る【くる】 • ① to come (spatially or temporally), to approach, to arrive ② to come back, to do ... and come back ③ to come to be, to become, to get, to grow, to continue ④ to come from, to be caused by, to derive from ⑤ to come to (i.e. "when it comes to spinach ...")

⑤ 話す【はなす】 • to speak

⑤ 何【なに】 • ① what ② how many (some counter)

⑤ 何【なん】 • ① what ② how many (some counter)

⑤ 行く【いく】 • ① to go ② to proceed, to take place ③ to die, to pass away ④ to continue

⑤ 今日【きょう】 • today, this day

⑤ 人【ひと】 • ① man, person ② human being, mankind, people ③ character, personality ④ man of talent, true man ⑤ other people ⑥ adult

⑤ 言う【いう】 • ① to say ② to call (i.e. to give a name)

⑤ 大きい【おおきい】 • big, large, great, loud

⑤ 聞く【きく】 • ① to hear ② to listen (e.g. to music) ③ to ask, to enquire, to query

⑤ 立つ【たつ】 • ① to stand, to rise, to stand up ② to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position) ③ to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)

⑤ 話【はなし】 • ① talk, speech, chat, story, conversation ② discussions, negotiation, argument

⑤ 目【め】 • ① eye, eyeball ② eyesight ③ look ④ experience ⑤ viewpoint ⑥ ordinal number suffix ⑦ somewhat, -ish

⑤ 分かる【わかる】 • ① to be understood, to be comprehended, to be grasped ② to become clear, to be known, to be discovered, to be realized, to be realised, to be found out

⑤ です • polite copula in Japanese

⑤ 日【にち】 • ① Sunday ② day (of the month) ③ counter for days

⑤ 年【ねん】 • ① year (e.g. AD) ② counter for years

⑤ いる • auxillary verb for continuing action or state

⑤ 人【にん】 • ① counter for people ② (usu. in compound words) person

⑤ 悪い【わるい】 • ① bad, poor, inferior ② evil, sinful ③ unprofitable, unbeneficial ④ at fault, to blame, in the wrong ⑤ sorry

⑤ 意味【いみ】 • meaning, significance

⑤ 遠い【とおい】 • far, distant

⑤ 家【いえ】 • ① house, residence, dwelling ② family, household ③ lineage, family name

⑤ 会う【あう】 • ① to meet, to encounter ② to have an accident, to have a bad experience

⑤ 開ける【あける】 • ① to open (a door, etc.), to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package) ② to open (for business, etc.)

⑤ 顔【かお】 • face (person)

⑤ 帰る【かえる】 • ① to return, to come home, to go home, to go back ② (of a guest, customer, etc.) to leave ③ (of a baseball player rounding the bases) to get home

⑤ 起きる【おきる】 • ① to get up, to rise ② to wake up ③ to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents), to happen, to take place

⑤ 強い【つよい】 • ① strong, powerful, mighty, potent ② resistant, resilient, durable

⑤ 教える【おしえる】 • to teach, to inform, to instruct

⑤ 近い【ちかい】 • near, close, short (distance)

⑤ 好き【すき】 • liking, fondness, love

⑤ 考える【かんがえる】 • to consider, to think about

⑤ 仕事【しごと】 • ① work, job, business, occupation, employment, vocation, task ② work

⑤ 使う【つかう】 • ① to use (a thing, method, etc.), to make use of, to put to use ② to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.), to employ, to handle, to manage, to manipulate ③ to use (time, money, etc.), to spend, to consume ④ to use (language), to speak ⑤ to take (one's lunch), to circulate (bad money)

⑤ 止まる【とまる】 • ① to stop, to halt ② to remain, to abide, to stay (in the one place) ③ to come to a halt ④ to be limited to

⑤ 死ぬ【しぬ】 • to die

⑤ 私【わたし】 • ① I, me ② private affairs, personal matter, secrecy ③ selfishness

⑤ 持つ【もつ】 • ① to hold, to carry ② to possess

⑤ 自分【じぶん】 • ① myself, yourself, oneself, himself, herself ② I, me

⑤ 質問【しつもん】 • question, inquiry, enquiry

⑤ 住む【すむ】 • to live (of humans), to reside, to inhabit, to dwell, to abide

⑤ 所【ところ】 • ① place, spot, scene, site ② address ③ district, area, locality ④ one's house ⑤ point ⑥ part ⑦ space, room ⑧ whereupon, as a result ⑨ (after present form of a verb) about to, on the verge of

⑤ 新しい【あたらしい】 • new

⑤ 図書館【としょかん】 • library

⑤ 声【こえ】 • voice

⑤ 早い【はやい】 • ① fast, quick, hasty, brisk ② early (in the day, etc.), premature ③ (too) soon, not yet, (too) early ④ easy, simple, quick

⑤ 多い【おおい】 • many, numerous

⑤ 多分【たぶん】 • ① perhaps, probably ② generous, many, much, great

⑤ 待つ【まつ】 • ① to wait ② to await, to look forward to, to anticipate ③ (usu. in negative form) to depend on, to need

⑤ 大きな【おおきな】 • big, large, great

⑤ 知る【しる】 • to know, to understand, to be acquainted with, to feel

⑤ 池【いけ】 • pond

⑤ 度【ど】 • ① degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.) ② counter for occurrences and times ③ strength (of alcohol)

⑤ 答える【こたえる】 • to answer, to reply

⑤ 同じ【おなじ】 • ① same, identical, equal, uniform, equivalent, similar, common (origin), changeless, alike ② (usu. part of a 'nara' conditional) anyway, anyhow, in either case

⑤ 物【もの】 • ① thing, object ② the natural thing, a frequently done thing ③ used to express emotional involvement ④ used in giving a reason

⑤ 方【ほう】 • side, direction, way

⑤ 問題【もんだい】 • problem, question

⑤ 頭【あたま】 • ① head ② mind, brain, intellect ③ top ④ hair (on one's head) ⑤ bangs, fringe ⑥ top structural component of a kanji

⑤ 明日【あした】 • tomorrow

⑤ 門【もん】 • ① gate ② branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master ③ (biological) division ④ counter for cannons

⑤ 色々【いろいろ】 • various

⑤ 思う【おもう】 • ① to think, to consider, to believe ② to think (of doing), to plan (to do) ③ to judge, to assess, to regard ④ to imagine, to suppose, to dream ⑤ to expect, to look forward to ⑥ to feel, to desire, to want ⑦ to recall, to remember

⑤ 終わる【おわる】 • to finish, to end, to close

⑤ 作る【つくる】 • ① to make, to produce, to manufacture, to build, to construct ② to prepare (food), to brew (alcohol) ③ to raise, to grow, to cultivate, to train ④ to till ⑤ to draw up (a document), to make out, to prepare, to write ⑥ to create (an artistic work, etc.), to compose ⑦ to coin (a phrase), to organize, to organise, to establish, to found ⑧ to have (a child) ⑨ to make up (one's face, etc.) ⑩ to fabricate (an excuse, etc.) ⑪ to form (a line, etc.) ⑫ to set (a record) ⑬ to commit (a sin, etc.)

⑤ 町【まち】 • ① town, block, neighbourhood, neighborhood ② street, road ③ 109.09 m ④ 0.99 hectares

⑤ 一番【いちばん】 • ① best, first, number one ② game, round, bout, fall, event (in a meet)

⑤ 君【きみ】 • you, buddy, pal

⑤ 言葉【ことば】 • ① language, dialect ② word, words, phrase, term, expression, remark ③ speech, (manner of) speaking

⑤ 向こう【むこう】 • ① opposite side, other side, opposite direction ② over there, that way, far away, beyond ③ the other party, the other person ④ future (starting now)

⑤ 取る【とる】 • ① to take, to pick up, to harvest, to earn, to choose ② to steal ③ to eat, to have (a meal) ④ to remove (one's glasses, etc.)

⑤ 消える【きえる】 • to go out, to vanish, to disappear

⑤ 消す【けす】 • ① to erase, to delete, to cross out ② to turn off power ③ to extinguish, to put out

⑤ 雪【ゆき】 • snow

⑤ 全部【ぜんぶ】 • all, entire, whole, altogether

⑤ 本当【ほんとう】 • truth, reality

⑤ 無い【ない】 • ① nonexistent, not being (there) ② unpossessed, unowned, not had ③ unique ④ indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility ⑤ (after the ren'youkei form of an adjective) not ... ⑥ (after the -te form of a verb) to not be..., to have not ...

⑤ 昨日【きのう】 • yesterday

⑤ 側【がわ】 • ① side (of something, or taking someone's side), part ② (watch) case

⑤ 両親【りょうしん】 • parents, both parents

⑤ 本当に【ほんとうに】 • really, truly

⑤ 違う【ちがう】 • ① to differ (from), to vary ② to not be in the usual condition ③ to not match the correct (answer, etc.) ④ to be different from promised

⑤ 一緒【いっしょ】 • ① together ② at the same time ③ same, identical

⑤ 過ぎ【すぎ】 • ① past, after ② too (much), over (e.g. eating)

⑤ 皆【みんな】 • ① all, everyone, everybody ② everything

⑤ 皆さん【みなさん】 • all, everyone, everybody

⑤ 覚える【おぼえる】 • ① to remember, to recollect, to memorize, to memorise ② to feel

⑤ 危ない【あぶない】 • ① dangerous, risky, hazardous, perilous, precarious ② in danger, in jeopardy, critical, grave, at risk ③ uncertain, unreliable, insecure, unsteady, doubtful ④ close (i.e. a close call), narrow ⑤ look out!, watch out!

⑤ 結構【けっこう】 • ① splendid, nice, wonderful, delicious, sweet ② sufficient, fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"), (by implication) no thank you ③ well enough, OK, tolerable ④ reasonably, fairly, tolerably

⑤ 個【こ】 • ① counter for articles ② counter for military units ③ individual

⑤ 呼ぶ【よぶ】 • ① to call out (to), to call, to invoke ② to summon (a doctor, etc.) ③ to invite ④ to designate, to name, to brand ⑤ to garner (support, etc.), to gather

⑤ 歳【さい】 • ① -years-old ② ability, gift, talent, aptitude, genius

⑤ 子供【こども】 • child, children

⑤ 初めて【はじめて】 • ① for the first time ② only after ... is it ..., only when ... do you ...

⑤ 置く【おく】 • ① to put, to place ② to leave (behind) ③ to do something in advance (usu. following te-form verb)

⑤ 遅い【おそい】 • ① slow ② late (e.g. "late at night") ③ too late

⑤ 難しい【むずかしい】 • difficult

⑤ 猫【ねこ】 • ① cat ② shamisen ③ geisha ④ wheelbarrow ⑤ clay bed-warmer

⑤ 彼【かれ】 • ① he, him ② boyfriend

⑤ 彼ら【かれら】 • they (usually male), them

⑤ 疲れる【つかれる】 • ① to get tired, to tire ② to be worn out (e.g. of well used objects)

⑤ 必要【ひつよう】 • ① necessary, needed, essential, indispensable ② necessity, need, requirement

⑤ 忘れる【わすれる】 • to forget, to leave carelessly, to be forgetful of, to forget about, to forget (an article)

⑤ 友達【ともだち】 • friend, companion

⑤ 欲しい【ほしい】 • ① wanted, wished for, in need of, desired ② (after the -te form of a verb) I want (you) to

⑤ 頼む【たのむ】 • ① to request, to beg, to ask ② to call, to order, to reserve ③ to entrust to ④ to rely on

⑤ ころ • ① (approximate) time, around, about, toward ② suitable time (or condition) ③ time of year, season

⑤ 匹【ひき】 • ① counter for small animals ② counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size) ③ roll of cloth

⑤ ありがとう • Thank you

⑤ 良い【いい】 • ① good, excellent, fine, nice, pleasant, agreeable ② sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer), ready, prepared ③ profitable (e.g. deal, business offer, etc.), beneficial ④ OK

⑤ 良く【よく】 • ① nicely, properly, well, skillfully ② frequently, often

⑤ 達【たち】 • pluralizing suffix (esp. for people & animals; formerly honorific)

⑤ 幾ら【いくら】 • how much?, how many?

⑤ 大丈夫【だいじょうぶ】 • safe, all right, OK, okay

⑤ 誰【だれ】 • who

⑤ 僕【ぼく】 • ① I, me ② you (used addressing young children) ③ manservant

⑤ なぜ • why, how

⑤ 嫌【いや】 • disagreeable, detestable, unpleasant, reluctant

⑤ 良い【よい】 • ① good, excellent, fine, nice, pleasant, agreeable ② sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer), ready, prepared ③ profitable (e.g. deal, business offer, etc.), beneficial ④ OK

⑤ あそこ • ① there (place physically distant from both speaker and listener), over there, that place, yonder ② that far (something psychologically distant from both speaker and listener), that much, that point

⑤ あの • that (someone or something distant from both speaker and listener, or situation unfamiliar to both speaker and listener)

⑤ あれ • ① that (indicating something distant from both speaker and listener (in space, time or psychologically), or something understood without naming it directly) ② that person (used to refer to one's equals or inferiors) ③ hey (expression of surprise or suspicion), eh? ④ that (something mentioned before which is distant psychologically or in terms of time)

⑤ こちら • ① this way (direction close to the speaker or towards the speaker), this direction ② here (place close to the speaker or where the speaker is) ③ this one (something physically close to the speaker) ④ I, me ⑤ this person (someone physically close to the speaker and of equal or higher status)

⑤ こっち • ① this way (direction close to the speaker or towards the speaker), this direction ② here (place close to the speaker or where the speaker is) ③ this one (something physically close to the speaker) ④ I, me ⑤ this person (someone physically close to the speaker and of equal or higher status)

⑤ そして • and, and then, thus, and now

⑤ そっち • ① that way (direction distant from the speaker, close to the listener) ② there (place distant from the speaker, close to the listener) ③ that one (something close to the listener) ④ you, your family ⑤ that person (someone close to the listener)

⑤ その • ① that (something or someone distant from the speaker, close to the listener; actions of the listener, or ideas expressed or understood by the listener), the ② um..., er..., uh...

⑤ それ • ① that (indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind), it ② that time, then

⑤ とても • ① very, awfully, exceedingly ② (before a negative form) (not) at all, by no means, simply (cannot)

⑤ どう • how, in what way, how about

⑤ どっち • ① which way, which direction, where ② which one (esp. of two alternatives) ③ who

⑤ どれ • ① which (of three or more) ② whichever, any ③ well, now, let me see

⑤ やる • ① to do ② to have sexual intercourse ③ to kill ④ to give (to inferiors, animals, etc.) ⑤ to do for (inferiors) ⑥ to send (e.g. somebody somewhere), to dispatch (e.g. letter) (despatch) ⑦ to move (something to), to row (a boat) ⑧ (used in place of other verb) to have (eat, drink, smoke), to study, to run or operate (a restaurant)

⑤ する • ① to do ② to cause to become, to make (into), to turn (into) ③ to serve as, to act as, to work as ④ to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) ⑤ to judge as being, to view as being, to think of as, to treat as, to use as ⑥ to decide on, to choose ⑦ to be sensed (of a smell, noise, etc.) ⑧ to be (in a state, condition, etc.) ⑨ to be worth, to cost ⑩ to pass (of time), to elapse ⑪ verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech "vs") ⑫ creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with "o" or "go") ⑬ to be just about to, to be just starting to, to try to, to attempt to

⑤ ちょっと • ① just a minute, short time, just a little ② somewhat, easily, readily, rather ③ (before a verb in negative form) (will not) easily ④ hey!

⑤ いつ • when, how soon

⑤ いつも • ① always, usually, every time ② never (with neg. verb)

⑤ くれる • to give, to let one have, to do for one, to be given

⑤ ここ • ① here (place physically close to the speaker, place pointed by the speaker while explaining), this place ② these last (followed by a duration noun and a past sentence: time period before the present time of the speaker) ③ these next ... (followed by a duration noun and a non past sentence: time period after the present time of the speaker), the next ...

⑤ ある • ① to be (usu. of inanimate objects), to exist, to live ② to have ③ to be located ④ to be equipped with ⑤ to happen, to come about

⑤ こと • thing, matter, fact, circumstances, business, reason, experience

⑤ なる • ① to become, to get, to grow, to be, to reach, to attain ② to result in, to prove to be ③ to consist of, to be composed of ④ to succeed, to be complete ⑤ to change into, to be exchanged for ⑥ to play a role ⑦ to be promoted (shogi)

⑤ どうして • why?, for what reason, how, in what way, for what purpose, what for

⑤ まずい • ① unappetising, unappetizing, unpleasant (taste, appearance, situation) ② unskillful, unskilful, bungling, clumsy ③ ugly, homely, plain, unattractive ④ awkward, untimely, inopportune, unfavorable, unwise

⑤ しかし • however, but

⑤ また • again, and, also, still (doing something)

⑤ まだ • ① as yet, hitherto, still ② not yet (with negative verb)

⑤ どこ • ① where, what place ② how much (long, far), what extent

⑤ この • this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker)

⑤ よう • ① (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb) appearing ..., looking ... ② (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb) way to ..., method of ...ing ③ (usu. after a noun) form, style, design ④ (usu. after a noun) like, similar to ⑤ thing (thought or spoken)

⑤ つける • to turn on, to switch on, to light up

⑤ どの • which, what (way)

⑤ そこ • ① there (place relatively near listener) ② there (place just mentioned), that place ③ then (of some incident just spoken of), that (of point just raised)

⑤ これ • ① this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic) ② this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group) ③ now

④ あんな • such (about something or someone distant from both speaker and listener, or about a situation unfamiliar to both speaker and listener), so, that, sort of

④ うん • ① yeah, uh huh ② some (at the start of a number in place of a digit)

④ さっき • some time ago

④ だから • so, therefore

④ ちゃん • suffix for familiar person

④ はっきり • clearly, plainly, distinctly

④ なさい • do (imperative form often used after ~masu base of verbs)

④ 以下【いか】 • ① not exceeding, and downward, ... and below ② below (e.g. standard), under (e.g. a level) ③ the below-mentioned, the following, the rest

④ 以外【いがい】 • with the exception of, excepting

④ 以上【いじょう】 • ① not less than, ... and more, ... and upwards ② beyond ... (e.g. one's means), further (e.g. nothing further to say), more than ... (e.g. cannot pay more than that) ③ above-mentioned, foregoing ④ since ..., seeing that ... ⑤ this is all, that is the end, the end

④ 家【うち】 • ① house, home (one's own) ② (one's) family, (one's) household

④ 会【かい】 • ① meeting, assembly, party ② association, club

④ 開く【ひらく】 • ① to open (e.g. a bank-account, festival, etc.) ② to spread out, to open up (flower bud, umbrella, etc.), to widen (gap, distance, width) ③ to hold, to give (party, conference, etc.)

④ 気【き】 • ① spirit, mind, heart ② nature, disposition ③ motivation, intention ④ mood, feelings ⑤ atmosphere, essence

④ 急ぐ【いそぐ】 • to hurry, to rush, to hasten, to make something happen sooner

④ 見える【みえる】 • ① to be seen, to be in sight ② to look, to seem, to appear ③ to come

④ 今度【こんど】 • now, this time, next time, another time

④ 子【こ】 • ① child ② young (animal) ③ young woman, young geisha ④ offshoot ⑤ interest ⑥ new shares ⑦ (after a noun or -masu stem) -er (often of young women)

④ 思い出す【おもいだす】 • to recall, to remember

④ 止める【とめる】 • ① to stop (something or someone), to turn off ② to concentrate on, to pay attention to ③ to remember, to bear in mind ④ to fix into place ⑤ to park, to leave somewhere for a time

④ 社会【しゃかい】 • society, public

④ 十分【じゅうぶん】 • ① plenty, enough, sufficient, satisfactory, adequate ② division into ten ③ perfectly, thoroughly, fully, in full

④ 少年【しょうねん】 • boys, juveniles

④ 場合【ばあい】 • case, situation

④ 心【こころ】 • ① mind, heart, spirit ② the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)

④ 世界【せかい】 • the world, society, the universe

④ 正しい【ただしい】 • right, just, correct, righteous, honest, truthful, proper, straightforward, perfect

④ 生きる【いきる】 • to live, to exist

④ 説明【せつめい】 • explanation, exposition

④ 通り【とおり】 • avenue, street, way

④ 通る【とおる】 • to pass (by), to go through, to walk along, to pass exams, to attend (e.g. school)

④ 動く【うごく】 • ① to move, to stir, to shift, to shake, to swing ② to operate, to run, to go, to work ③ to be touched, to be influenced ④ to change, to vary, to fluctuate, to waver ⑤ certain, factual ⑥ to be transferred

④ 日【ひ】 • ① day, days ② sun, sunshine, sunlight ③ case (esp. unfortunate), event

④ 別【べつ】 • distinction, difference, different, another, particular, separate, extra, exception

④ 別に【べつに】 • ① (not) particularly, nothing ② separately, apart

④ 力【ちから】 • ① force, strength, might, vigour (vigor), energy ② capability, ability, proficiency, capacity, faculty ③ efficacy, effect ④ effort, endeavours (endeavors), exertions ⑤ power, authority, influence, good offices, agency ⑥ support, help, aid, assistance ⑦ stress, emphasis ⑧ means, resources

④ 行う【おこなう】 • to perform, to do, to conduct oneself, to carry out

④ 聞こえる【きこえる】 • ① to be heard, to be audible ② to be said to be, to be reputed

④ 気持ち【きもち】 • feeling, sensation, mood

④ 仕方【しかた】 • way, method, means, resource, course

④ 見つかる【みつかる】 • to be found, to be discovered

④ 見つける【みつける】 • ① to discover, to find (e.g. an error in a book), to come across, to detect ② to locate, to find (e.g. something missing), to find fault ③ to be used to seeing, to be familiar with

④ 安全【あんぜん】 • ① safety ② security

④ 教育【きょういく】 • training, education

④ 君【くん】 • Mr (junior), master, boy

④ 形【かたち】 • ① form, shape, figure ② visage

④ 決して【けっして】 • never, by no means, decidedly, indisputably

④ 決める【きめる】 • to decide

④ 血【ち】 • blood, consanguinity

④ 残る【のこる】 • to remain, to be left

④ 寺【てら】 • temple (Buddhist)

④ 受ける【うける】 • ① to receive, to accept, to get, to inherit ② to catch (e.g. a ball), to parry (e.g. a blow), to take (lesson, test, damage), to sustain (damage), to incur (loss) ③ to become popular, to be well-received, to go down well

④ 勝つ【かつ】 • to win, to gain victory

④ 場所【ばしょ】 • ① place, location, spot, position ② room, space ③ basho (sumo wrestling tournament)

④ 心配【しんぱい】 • ① worry, concern, anxiety ② care, help, aid, assistance

④ 森【もり】 • ① forest ② shrine grove

④ 深い【ふかい】 • deep, profound, thick, close

④ 申し上げる【もうしあげる】 • ① to say, to tell, to state ② to do for

④ 進む【すすむ】 • ① to advance, to go forward ② to precede, to go ahead (of) ③ to make progress, to improve ④ to deepen, to heighten ⑤ to do of one's own free will

④ 全然【ぜんぜん】 • ① not at all (with neg. verb) ② wholly, entirely, completely

④ 打つ【うつ】 • ① to hit (something inanimate), to strike, to beat (on something) ② to type, to tap (e.g. a key) ③ to inject ④ to indulge in gambling ⑤ to visit (on a pilgrimage)

④ 調べる【しらべる】 • to examine, to investigate, to check up, to sense, to study, to inquire, to search

④ 点【てん】 • ① spot, mark ② point, dot ③ mark (e.g. in exam), score, points ④ counter for goods or items

④ 無理【むり】 • unreasonable, impossible, overdoing

④ 様【さま】 • ① Mr, Mrs or Ms ② used (gen. in fixed expressions) to make words more polite ③ manner, kind, appearance

④ 理由【りゆう】 • reason, pretext, motive

④ 選ぶ【えらぶ】 • to choose, to select

④ 決まる【きまる】 • ① to be decided, to be settled ② to look good in (clothes)

④ 全て【すべて】 • all, the whole, entirely, in general, wholly, overall

④ 確か【たしか】 • ① certain, sure, definite ② if I'm not mistaken, if I remember correctly

④ 向かう【むかう】 • ① to face ② to go towards

④ 一杯【いっぱい】 • ① amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. a cupful, spoonful, etc.), a drink (i.e. an alcoholic beverage) ② full ③ one squid, octopus, crab, etc., one boat ④ fully, to capacity ⑤ a lot, much ⑥ all of ..., the entire ...

④ 過ぎる【すぎる】 • ① to pass through, to pass by, to go beyond ② to pass (i.e. of time), to elapse ③ to have expired, to have ended, to be over ④ to exceed, to surpass, to be above ⑤ to be no more than ... ⑥ (often used after adjective stems or the -masu stems of verbs) to be excessive, to be too much, to be too ...

④ 簡単【かんたん】 • simple

④ 間違える【まちがえる】 • ① to make a mistake (in), to commit an error (e.g. in calculation) ② to confuse, to mistake something for something else

④ 関係【かんけい】 • relation, connection

④ 危険【きけん】 • ① danger, peril, hazard ② dangerous, hazardous

④ 規則【きそく】 • rules, regulations, conventions

④ 最近【さいきん】 • latest, most recent, nowadays

④ 最後【さいご】 • ① last, end, conclusion ② (after -tara form or -ta form followed by "ga") no sooner than, right after (often having negative consequences)

④ 最初【さいしょ】 • beginning, outset, first, onset

④ 残念【ざんねん】 • deplorable, bad luck, regret, disappointment

④ 捨てる【すてる】 • to throw away, to cast aside, to abandon, to resign, to break up with (someone)

④ 将来【しょうらい】 • future (usually near), prospects

④ 続ける【つづける】 • to continue, to keep up, to keep on

④ 逃げる【にげる】 • to escape, to run away

④ 必ず【かならず】 • always, without exception, necessarily, certainly, without fail, positively, invariably

④ 普通【ふつう】 • ① general, ordinary, usual ② normally, generally, usually ③ train that stops at every station

④ 変【へん】 • ① strange, odd, peculiar, weird, curious, queer, eccentric, funny, suspicious, fishy ② unexpected ③ change ④ incident, disturbance, disaster, accident ⑤ flat (music)

④ 変える【かえる】 • to change, to alter, to vary, to convert, to revise, to amend, to transform

④ 変わる【かわる】 • to change, to be transformed, to vary, to be revised, to be different, to move location

④ 戻る【もどる】 • to turn back, to return, to go back, to recover, to rebound

④ 約束【やくそく】 • ① arrangement, promise, appointment, pact, engagement ② convention, rule

④ 優しい【やさしい】 • tender, kind, gentle, graceful, affectionate, amiable, suave

④ 歴史【れきし】 • history

④ 連れる【つれる】 • to lead, to take (a person)

④ 途中【とちゅう】 • ① on the way, en route ② in the middle of, midway

④ 怖い【こわい】 • ① scary, frightening, eerie, dreadful ② (I'm) afraid

④ 探す【さがす】 • to search (for something desired, needed), to look for

④ 捕まえる【つかまえる】 • to catch, to arrest, to seize

④ 背【せ】 • ① back, spine ② reverse, rear side ③ height ④ ridge (of a mountain)

④ 為【ため】 • ① good, advantage, benefit, welfare ② sake, purpose, objective, aim ③ consequence, result, effect ④ affecting, regarding, concerning

④ 壊れる【こわれる】 • ① to be broken, to break ② to fall through, to come to nothing

④ 驚く【おどろく】 • to be surprised, to be astonished

④ 邪魔【じゃま】 • hindrance, intrusion

④ 駄目【だめ】 • useless, no good, hopeless

④ 我々【われわれ】 • we

④ きっと • surely, undoubtedly, almost certainly, most likely (e.g. 90 percent)

④ こう • ① in this way (used for something or someone close to the speaker, including the speaker himself, or for the opinions of the speaker), thus, such ② uh... (interjection used as a verbal pause)

④ これから • after this

④ それで • and, thereupon, because of that

④ もし • if, in case, supposing

④ やっぱり • also, as I thought, still, in spite of, absolutely, of course

④ おかしい • strange, funny, amusing, ridiculous

④ しばらく • ① little while, short while, moment, instant ② a while, quite a time ③ it's been a long time

④ しまう • to finish, to close, to do something completely, to put away, to put an end to

④ すごい • ① terrible, dreadful ② amazing (e.g. of strength), great (e.g. of skills), wonderful, terrific ③ to a great extent, vast (in numbers)

④ つもり • ① intention, plan ② conviction, belief

④ はず • ① expectation that something took place, will take place or was in some state, it should be so, bound to be, expected to be, must be ② nock (of a bow) ③ nock (of an arrow) ④ nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger) (Sumo)

④ もらう • ① to receive, to take, to accept ② to get somebody to do something (follows a verb in "te" form)

④ わけ • conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard, reason, cause, meaning, circumstances, situation

④ まま • ① as it is, as one likes, because, as ② condition, state

④ しっかり • firmly, tightly, reliable, level-headed, steady

④ ひどい • cruel, awful, severe, very bad, serious, terrible, heavy, violent

③ お前【おまえ】 • ① you (masc) (formerly honorific, now sometimes derog. term referring to an equal or inferior) ② presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)

③ こんなに • so, like this, in this way

③ ずっと • ① continuously in some state (for a long time, distance), throughout, all along, the whole time, all the way ② much (better, etc.), by far, far and away ③ far away, long ago ④ direct, straight

③ だけど • however

③ ちゃんと • perfectly, properly, exactly

③ まあ • you might say, Oh!, Wow!, Well!

③ 何とか【なんとか】 • ① something, something or other, so-and-so ② somehow, anyhow, one way or another

③ 上【じょう】 • ① from the standpoint of, as a matter of (e.g. fact), in the field of, being of the type of ② aboard (a ship or vehicle), on top of, on, above ③ first volume (e.g. book) ④ superior quality, best, top, high class ⑤ going up ⑥ governmental, imperial ⑦ presenting, showing

③ 人間【にんげん】 • ① human being, man, person ② character (of a person)

③ 大した【たいした】 • considerable, great, important, significant, a big deal

③ 食う【くう】 • ① to eat ② to live, to make a living, to survive ③ to bite, to sting (as insects do) ④ to tease, to torment, to taunt, to make light of, to make fun of ⑤ to encroach on, to eat into, to consume ⑥ to defeat a superior, to threaten a position ⑦ to consume time and-or resources ⑧ to have sexual relations with a woman, esp. for the first time

③ 何で【なんで】 • ① why?, what for? ② how?, by what means?

③ 中【ちゅう】 • ① medium, average, middle ② moderation ③ middle school ④ China ⑤ in, out of (e.g. three out of ten people) ⑥ during (a certain time when one did or is doing something), under (construction, etc.), while

③ どうか • please, somehow or other

③ そんなに • so much, so, like that

③ みたい • -like, sort of, similar to, resembling

③ 間【かん】 • ① interval, period of time ② among, between, inter-

③ 大【だい】 • ① the large part of ② big, large, great ③ approximate size, no larger than ④ -university ⑤ large (e.g. serving size), loud (e.g. volume setting)

③ 後【ご】 • after

③ 以前【いぜん】 • ago, since, before, previous

③ 一体【いったい】 • ① ...the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"), ...in the world (e.g. "why in the world?"), ...on earth (e.g. "who on earth?") ② one object, one body, unity ③ one form, one style ④ one Buddhist image (or carving, etc.) ⑤ generally, in general

③ 行動【こうどう】 • action, conduct, behaviour, behavior, mobilization, mobilisation

③ 高度【こうど】 • ① altitude, height ② advanced, high-grade, strong

③ 自ら【みずから】 • for one's self, personally

③ 者【もの】 • person (rarely used w.o. a qualifier)

③ 発見【はっけん】 • discovery, detection, finding

③ 風【ふう】 • ① method, manner, way, style ② appearance, air ③ tendency ④ folk song (genre of the Shi Jing) ⑤ wind (one of the five elements)

③ 野【の】 • ① plain, field ② hidden (structural) member ③ wild ④ lacking a political post

③ 力【りょく】 • strength, power

③ 不【ふ】 • un-, non-, negative prefix

③ 者【しゃ】 • someone of that nature, someone doing that work

③ 委員【いいん】 • committee member

③ 感じ【かんじ】 • feeling, sense, impression

③ 丸【まる】 • ① circle ② full (e.g. month, day, etc.) ③ perfection, purity ④ suffix for ship names

③ 岸【きし】 • bank, coast, shore

③ 逆【ぎゃく】 • ① reverse, opposite ② converse (of a hypothesis, etc.)

③ 事実【じじつ】 • fact, truth, reality

③ 自身【じしん】 • by oneself, personally

③ 守る【まもる】 • ① to protect, to guard, to defend ② to keep (i.e. a promise), to abide (by the rules), to observe, to obey, to follow

③ 集中【しゅうちゅう】 • concentration, convergence, centralization, integration, gathering together

③ 助ける【たすける】 • to help, to save, to rescue, to give relief to, to spare (life), to reinforce, to promote, to abet

③ 女王【じょおう】 • queen

③ 神【かみ】 • god, deity, divinity, spirit, kami

③ 生き物【いきもの】 • living thing, animal

③ 全【ぜん】 • all, whole, entire, complete, overall, pan-

③ 全く【まったく】 • ① really, truly, entirely, completely, wholly, perfectly ② indeed ③ good grief (expression of exasperation)

③ 全員【ぜんいん】 • all members (unanimity), all hands, the whole crew, everyone, everybody

③ 相手【あいて】 • ① companion, partner, company ② other party, addressee ③ opponent (sports, etc.)

③ 調子【ちょうし】 • ① tune, tone, key, pitch, time, rhythm ② vein, mood, way, manner, style, knack ③ condition, state of health ④ impetus, spur of the moment, strain ⑤ trend

③ 追う【おう】 • ① to chase, to run after, to pursue ② to follow (i.e. a set order, a trend) ③ to drive out, to oust, to expel ④ to drive (i.e. a herd) ⑤ (in passive voice) to be pressed (for time, etc.)

③ 的【てき】 • -like, typical

③ 文明【ぶんめい】 • ① civilization, civilisation, culture ② Bummei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)

③ 平気【へいき】 • coolness, calmness, composure, unconcern

③ 辺り【あたり】 • ① on the bank of, by the side of (e.g. a river, pond) ② (in the) neighbourhood, neighborhood, vicinity, nearby

③ 方向【ほうこう】 • ① direction, orientation, bearing, way ② course (e.g. of action)

③ 無事【ぶじ】 • safety, peace, quietness

③ 命【いのち】 • (mortal) life

③ 目的【もくてき】 • purpose, goal, aim, objective, intention

③ 数【すう】 • ① several, a number of ② number, numeral, figure ③ destiny, fate ④ law

③ 例え【たとえ】 • example, simile, metaphor, allegory, parable

③ 残す【のこす】 • to leave (behind, over), to bequeath, to save, to reserve

③ 他【た】 • other (esp. people and abstract matters)

③ 無【む】 • ① nothing, naught, nought, nil, zero ② un-, non-

③ 化【か】 • action of making something, -ification

③ 移動【いどう】 • ① removal, migration, movement ② mobile (e.g. communications)

③ 可能【かのう】 • possible, practicable, feasible

③ 確認【かくにん】 • affirmation, confirmation, validation

③ 完全【かんぜん】 • perfection, completeness

③ 管理【かんり】 • control, management (e.g. of a business)

③ 間違い【まちがい】 • mistake

③ 許す【ゆるす】 • ① to permit, to allow, to approve ② to exempt (from fine), to excuse (from), to pardon, to forgive, to release, to let off ③ to confide in ④ to give up, to yield

③ 恐らく【おそらく】 • perhaps, likely, probably, I dare say

③ 恐ろしい【おそろしい】 • terrible, dreadful

③ 恐怖【きょうふ】 • fear, dread, dismay, terror

③ 警告【けいこく】 • warning, advice

③ 現れる【あらわれる】 • ① to appear, to come in sight, to become visible, to come out, to embody, to materialize, to materialise ② to be expressed (e.g. emotions), to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)

③ 現在【げんざい】 • now, current, present, present time, as of

③ 限り【かぎり】 • ① limit, limits, bounds ② degree, extent, scope ③ as far as possible, as much as possible, to the best of one's ability ④ unless (after neg. verb) ⑤ the end, the last

③ 最も【もっとも】 • most, extremely

③ 殺す【ころす】 • to kill

③ 失う【うしなう】 • to lose, to part with

③ 種【たね】 • ① seed, pip, kind, variety, quality, tone ② material, matter, subject, theme, (news) copy, leaven (bread) ③ cause, source, trick, secret, inside story

③ 信じる【しんじる】 • to believe, to believe in, to place trust in, to confide in, to have faith in

③ 性【せい】 • ① nature (of a person) ② sex ③ gender ④ -ty (suffix indicating quality or condition), -ity, -ness

③ 跡【あと】 • ① trace, tracks, mark, sign ② remains, ruins ③ scar

③ 絶対【ぜったい】 • ① absolutely, unconditionally ② absolute, unconditional, unmistakable ③ absoluteness

③ 想像【そうぞう】 • imagination, guess

③ 存在【そんざい】 • existence, being

③ 倒す【たおす】 • ① to throw down, to bring down, to blow down, to fell, to knock down ② to kill, to defeat, to beat ③ to overthrow, to trip up, to ruin ④ to leave unpaid, to cheat

③ 任せる【まかせる】 • ① to entrust (e.g. a task) to another, to leave to ② to passively leave to someone else's facilities ③ to leave to take its natural course ④ to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim) ⑤ to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done

③ 報告【ほうこく】 • report, information

③ 方法【ほうほう】 • method, process, manner, way, means, technique

③ 与える【あたえる】 • ① to give (esp. to someone of lower status), to bestow, to grant, to confer, to present, to award ② to provide, to afford, to offer, to supply ③ to assign ④ to cause ⑤ to pass (a variable to a function)

③ 得る【える】 • ① to get, to acquire, to obtain, to procure, to earn, to win, to gain, to secure, to attain ② (after the -masu stem of a verb) to be able to ..., can ...

③ 捜す【さがす】 • to search (for something lost), to seek (a suspect in a crime)

③ 戦い【たたかい】 • battle, fight, struggle, conflict

③ 追いかける【おいかける】 • to chase, to run after, to pursue

③ お互い【おたがい】 • mutual, reciprocal, each other

③ 悪魔【あくま】 • devil, demon, fiend, Satan, evil spirit

③ 隠す【かくす】 • to hide, to conceal

③ 隠れる【かくれる】 • to hide, to be hidden, to conceal oneself, to disappear

③ 炎【ほのお】 • flame, blaze

③ 既に【すでに】 • already, too late

③ 記憶【きおく】 • ① memory, recollection, remembrance ② storage

③ 救う【すくう】 • to rescue from, to help out of, to save

③ 穴【あな】 • ① hole ② deficit, shortage, missing person (in a team, meeting, etc.) ③ vacancy, opening ④ flaw ⑤ profitable place (or item, etc.) not well known by others ⑥ upset victory (with a large payoff)

③ 結果【けっか】 • ① result, consequence, outcome, effect ② coming to fruition, bearing fruit

③ 結局【けっきょく】 • after all, eventually, in the end

③ 攻撃【こうげき】 • attack, strike, offensive, criticism, censure

③ 姿【すがた】 • figure, shape, appearance

③ 死【し】 • death, decease

③ 種【しゅ】 • ① kind, variety ② (biological) species ③ (logical) species

③ 状態【じょうたい】 • current status, condition, situation, circumstances, state

③ 第【だい】 • ordinal

③ 奪う【うばう】 • to snatch away, to dispossess, to steal

③ やつ • ① (derog) fellow, guy, chap ② thing, object ③ (derogatory or familiar) he, she, him, her

③ 当然【とうぜん】 • natural, as a matter of course

③ 離れる【はなれる】 • to be separated from, to leave, to go away, to be a long way off

③ 俺【おれ】 • (masc) I, me (rough or arrogant-sounding first-person pronoun, formerly also used by women)

③ 敵【てき】 • ① opponent, rival, adversary ② menace, danger, threat, enemy

③ 事態【じたい】 • situation, (present) state of affairs, circumstances

③ 寧ろ【むしろ】 • rather, better, instead

③ 我が【わが】 • my, our, one's own

③ まるで • quite, entirely, completely, at all, as if, as though, so to speak, just like

③ まさか • by no means, never!, well, I never!, you don't say!

③ すぐ • ① immediately, at once, directly ② soon, before long, shortly ③ easily, without difficulty ④ right (near), nearby, just (handy)

③ とにかく • anyhow, at any rate, anyway, somehow or other, generally speaking, in any case

③ どうしても • by all means, at any cost, no matter what, after all, in the long run, cravingly, at any rate, surely

③ しかも • moreover, furthermore, nevertheless, and yet

③ およそ • about, roughly, as a rule, approximately

③ ただ • ① ordinary, common, usual ② free of charge ③ unaffected, as is, safe ④ only, merely, just, simply ⑤ but, however, nevertheless

③ いや • no, nay, well

③ かなり • considerably, fairly, quite

③ かかる • to suffer from

③ せい • cause, reason, fault

③ つまり • in short, in brief, in other words, that is to say, in the long run, after all, blockade, stuffing, ultimate

③ 多く【おおく】 • many, much, largely, abundantly, mostly

② せめて • at least, at most

② 人々【ひとびと】 • each person, people, men, human, everybody

② はあ • ① yes, indeed, well ② ha! ③ what?, huh? ④ sigh

② 業【ぎょう】 • ① work, business ② study

② 園【えん】 • ① garden (esp. man-made), orchard, park, plantation ② place, location

② 合流【ごうりゅう】 • confluence, union, linking up, merge, recombining

② 神様【かみさま】 • God

② 組【くみ】 • ① set (of items) ② group (of people), class (of students), company (esp. construction), family (i.e. mafia), team ③ typesetting, composition

② 照る【てる】 • to shine

② 余り【あんまり】 • ① remainder, rest, balance, remains, scraps, residue, remnant ② not very (with negative sentence), not much ③ surplus, excess, fullness, too much ④ overjoyed, overwhelmed ⑤ more than, over

② 老い【おい】 • old age, old person, the old, the aged

② 学級【がっきゅう】 • (school) class

② ご免なさい【ごめんなさい】 • I beg your pardon, excuse me

② 本気【ほんき】 • seriousness, truth, sanctity

② いったん • ① once ② for a moment, temporarily

② ごめん • your pardon, declining (something), dismissal, permission

② いずれ • ① where, which, who ② anyway, anyhow, at any rate, sooner or later, eventually, at some future date or time

② かつて • ① once, before, formerly, ever, former, ex- ② never (with negative verb)

① どうやら • it seems like, it appears that, somehow or other

① 間【ま】 • space, room, time, pause

① 業【ごう】 • karma (i.e. actions committed in a former life)

① 床【とこ】 • ① bed, bedding ② sickbed ③ alcove ④ riverbed ⑤ seedbed ⑥ straw "core" of a tatami mat ⑦ floor

① 何だか【なんだか】 • (a) little, somewhat, somehow

① 機構【きこう】 • mechanism, organization, organisation

① 規定【きてい】 • regulation, provisions

① 犠牲【ぎせい】 • victim, sacrifice, scapegoat

① 極めて【きわめて】 • exceedingly, extremely, decisively

① 古代【こだい】 • ancient times

① 行為【こうい】 • act, deed, conduct

① 使命【しめい】 • mission, errand, message

① 襲う【おそう】 • ① to attack, to assail, to make an assault, to strike, to hunt down ② to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.) ③ to make a sudden visit

① 処分【しょぶん】 • disposal, dealing, punishment

① 尽くす【つくす】 • ① to exhaust, to run out ② to devote, to serve (a person), to befriend ③ to do to exhaustion

① 折【おり】 • chance, suitable time

① 全滅【ぜんめつ】 • annihilation

① 逃げ出す【にげだす】 • to run away, to escape from

① 破壊【はかい】 • ① destruction, disruption ② (application) crash

① 班【はん】 • group, party, section (mil)

① 不明【ふめい】 • unknown, obscure, indistinct, uncertain, ambiguous, ignorant, lack of wisdom, anonymous, unidentified

① 兵士【へいし】 • soldier

① 抑制【よくせい】 • control, restraint, suppression, constraint, curtailment, inhibition, check, curb

① 行ける【いける】 • to look (taste, etc.) good

① よし • common reed (Phragmites australis)

① 頂【いただき】 • crown (of head), summit (of mountain), spire

① とりあえず • at once, first of all, for the time being, for now

おい • ① hey!, oi! ② me

その後【そのご】 • after that, afterwards, thereafter

たった • only, merely, but, no more than

つい • ① just (now) ② quite (near) ③ unintentionally, unconsciously, by mistake, against one's better judgement (judgment)

とき • regular (stops at every station) Jouetsu-line Shinkansen

ほら • look!, look out!, look at me!

イメージ • ① (one's) image ② (computer) image ③ artist's impression

キャンプ • camp

コロニー • colony

後【のち】 • ① later, afterwards, since ② future ③ after one's death

今さら【いまさら】 • now (after such a long time), at this late hour (i.e. it is too late for something)

出来【でき】 • ① workmanship, craftsmanship, execution, finish ② grades, results, score, record ③ quality (e.g. of a crop) ④ dealings, transactions

上【うわ】 • upper, upward, outer, surface, top

上げ【あげ】 • rise in price, making a tuck

川【かわ】 • ① river, stream ② the .... river, (suffix used with the names of rivers)

ううん • ① no ② er, well, ... ③ groan

アッ • oh, ah

ウッ • oof, ough, ulp

ちゃう • to do something completely

ああ • like that (used for something or someone distant from both speaker and listener), so

なんだ • What!

えっ • Huh?, What's up?

外【がい】 • outside of, not covered by

フッ • ① hah (derisively), pooh ② pfft (of something disappearing), poof ③ huff, puff

れる • ① auxiliary verb indicating passive voice (inc. the "suffering passive") ② auxiliary verb indicating the potential form ③ auxiliary verb indicating spontaneous occurrence ④ auxiliary verb used as an honorific for others' actions

言える【いえる】 • to be possible to say, to be able to say

思える【おもえる】 • to seem, to appear likely

そう言う【そういう】 • such, like that, that sort of, very

使える【つかえる】 • to be useful, to be serviceable

早【はや】 • already, now, by this time

姉【ねえ】 • ① used after the name of someone who is an older sister figure ② used with various honorifics to mean (older) sister

型【がた】 • ① model, type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.) ② type, style, pattern ③ mold (mould), template, model ④ kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.) ⑤ form (i.e. customary procedure) ⑥ size (i.e. clothing, shoes)

みる • ① to see, to look, to watch, to view, to observe ② to look over, to look on, to assess, to examine, to judge ③ to look after, to keep an eye on, to take care of ④ to view (e.g. flowers, movie) ⑤ to try ⑥ to see that..., to find that...

守【もり】 • ① babysitting, babysitter ② protecting, keeping, keeper

守り【まもり】 • ① protection, defense, defence ② providence ③ amulet, charm, talisman

生き残る【いきのこる】 • to survive

大量【たいりょう】 • large quantity

不定【ふじょう】 • uncertainty, insecurity, inconstancy, indefinite, undecided

追って【おって】 • ① later on, shortly, presently, afterwards, in due course, by and by ② P.S.

季【き】 • season, season word or phrase (in haiku)

競る【せる】 • to compete, to bid, to sell at auction

共【ども】 • ① first-person plural (or singular) ② second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)

あなた • beyond, across, the other side, the distance

無意識【むいしき】 • ① unconsciousness ② the unconscious

いただける • ① to receive (potential) ② to be pretty good, to be exquisite, to be approvable

お願い【おねがい】 • ① request, wish ② please

もしか • if, in case

お陰【おかげ】 • (your) backing, assistance, thanks or owing to

どういう • somehow, how, in what way, why, what kind of

悪鬼【あっき】 • evil spirit, demon, devil

駒【こま】 • ① piece (in shogi, chess, etc.) ② bridge (of a violin, etc.)

旨く【うまく】 • ① skilfully, skillfully, well, aptly, cleverly ② successfully, smoothly ③ deliciously

清浄【せいじょう】 • pure, clean, purity

塚【つか】 • mound

とる • to take, to catch (fish), to capture

倫理【りんり】 • ethics, morals

いく • ① to go ② to proceed, to take place ③ to die, to pass away ④ to continue

八丁【はっちょう】 • skillfulness

よい • ① good, excellent, fine, nice, pleasant, agreeable ② sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer), ready, prepared ③ profitable (e.g. deal, business offer, etc.), beneficial ④ OK

いい • ① good, excellent, fine, nice, pleasant, agreeable ② sufficient (can be used to turn down an offer), ready, prepared ③ profitable (e.g. deal, business offer, etc.), beneficial ④ OK

魔【ま】 • ① demon, devil, evil spirit, evil influence ② someone who (habitually) performs some (negative) act

かける • to suspend between two points, to build (a bridge, etc.), to put up on something (e.g. legs up on table)

あぶ • horsefly, gadfly

鏖【みなごろし】 • massacre, annihilation, wholesale slaughter

狐【きつね】 • ① fox (esp. the red fox, Vulpes vulpes) ② fox (i.e. a sly person) ③ soba or udon topped with deep-fried tofu ④ light brown

すずめばち • ① hornet, yellow jacket, wasp (of subfamily Vespinae) ② Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), yak-killer hornet

ほとんど • mostly, almost

狼【おおかみ】 • wolf (carnivore, Canis lupus)

ない • ① not (verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation) ② emphatic suffix (used after the root of an adjective)

られる • ① auxiliary verb indicating passive voice (inc. the "suffering passive") ② auxiliary verb indicating the potential form ③ auxiliary verb indicating spontaneous occurrence ④ auxiliary verb used as an honorific for others' actions